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The Basics of Body Composition

There is no single ideal body weight, size, shape, or body type for everyone.

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Your Body TypeEctomorph

Body type characterized by a low percentage of body fat, small bone size, and a small amount of muscle mass

and size.

Term to Know

A person with the ectomorph body type has a lean appearance, often with long, slender arms and legs.

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Your Body Type

A person with the mesomorph body type appears muscular and well-proportioned.

Mesomorph

Body type characterized by a low-to-medium

percentage of body fat,

medium-to-large bone size, and a large amount of muscle mass

and size.

Term to Know

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Your Body TypeEndomorph

Body type characterized by a high percentage of body fat, large bone size, and a small amount of muscle mass

and size.

Term to Know

The endomorph body type is characterized by a round face, short neck, and wide hips.

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Your Body Weight

There is no one ideal weight, but there are healthy ranges for each individual.

When you compare two people of the same size, one may weigh more because they have more lean body weight.

Lean body weight

The combined weight of bone,

muscle, and connective tissue.

Term to Know

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Your Body Weight

One way to determine if your weight is within a healthy range is by using Body Mass Index (BMI).

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A way to assess body size in

relation to your height and weight.

Term to Know

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Body Composition

Physical activity and nutrition affect body composition.

Body composition

The relative percentage in your body of fat to lean

body tissue, including water,

bone, and muscle.

Term to Know

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Body Composition

Being overweight is sometimes, but not always, the result of excess body fat.

Overweight

A condition in which a person is heavier than the standard weight

range for his or her height.

Term to Know

Being overweight may lead to obesity.

Being overweight can present a high risk to your health.

Being overweight is sometimes, but not always, the result of excess body fat.

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Body Composition

Essential fat is necessary for these reasons:

Essential fat

The minimum amount of body fat

necessary for good health.

Term to Know

It insulates your body.It cushions you internal organs.It provides you with a source of stored energy that enables you to meet your body’s fuel needs.

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Body Composition and Functional HealthIf you carry too little body fat you have excessive leanness.

Excessive leanness

Having a percentage of body

fat that is below the acceptable

range for your age and gender.

Term to Know

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Body Composition and Functional HealthIf you carry too much body fat you are overfat.

Overfat

Carrying too much body fat for your age and gender.

Term to Know

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Influences on Body Fat

Heredity is not the only factor that plays a role in body size and shape.

Although you cannot control the number of fat cells in your body, you can control their size.

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Lifestyle Behaviors

Body composition is affected by eating patterns and activity level.

By eating healthfully and maintaining an active lifestyle, you can help control your body composition now and as you get older.

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The Energy Equation

To manage your weight and stay healthy, your body needs to maintain an energy balance.

Calorie intake

The total number of calories you

take in from food.

Calorie expenditure

The total number of calories you

burn or expend.

Terms to Know

Energy balance is determined by calorie intake and calorie expenditure.

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The Energy Equation

Metabolism is an ongoing process that occurs even when you are at rest.

Metabolism

The process by which the body

converts calories from food to energy.

Term to Know

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The Energy Equation

The rate at which your body uses energy varies from person to person and during different physical activities.

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

The amount of calories you expend for body processes

while at rest.

Term to Know

Your calorie expenditure is determined by your resting metabolic rate (RMR), and how physically active you are each day.

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The Energy Equation

GenderGender

AgeAge

HeredityHeredity

Eating HabitsEating Habits

Factors That Shape Your RMRFactors That Shape Your RMR

Calorie IntakeCalorie Intake

Physical Activity and ExercisePhysical Activity and Exercise

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Weight Control and Physical Activity

The number of calories you burn through physical activity will vary because of several factors.

The number, size, and weight of body parts that you work

The intensity of your workout

The duration of your activities