the basics designing a stage lighting system
TRANSCRIPT
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Starting at the End
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You Got to Know the Territory
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You Got to Know the Product
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What is a Lighting System?
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Lights
Dimmers
Control
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First things FirstWhat are the functions of light in an entertainment system?
Visibility – Provide enough light to see the performer.Modeling – The use of light and shadow to reveal form.
Focus – The use of light to focus the audiences attention.
Information – The use of light to establish time of day, mood and composition in support of the
event.
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What are the standard directions of light?
Front Light – Provides a flat quality, but is good for lighting the eyes.
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What are the standard directions of light?
Diagonal Front Light – Adds dimensionality to the actor while providing good face light.
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What are the standard directions of light?
Side Light – Reveals the dimensionality of the actor.
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What are the standard directions of light?
Back Light – Highlights and separates the actor from the background.
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What are the standard directions of light?
Diagonal Back Light – Like side light reveals dimensionality as well as separates the actor from the background.
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What are the standard directions of light?
Down Light – Dramatic, reveals form.
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What are the standard directions of light?
Up Light – Reverses shadows.
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Fixtures and AccessoriesThe end that justifies the means
EllipsoidalsFresnelsCyc LightingLampsPatterns / Gobo’sScrollersExtension cablesColor Media / Gel
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Patented in 1933 by the founders of Century Lighting Joseph Levy and Ed Kook
Beam is controllable and shapeable.
Shutters
Patterns
Focus
Color
Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlight – LEKO, ERS, SL
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5°, 10°, 19°, 26°, 36° and 50° field angles
High efficiency dichroic glass reflector and coated aspheric computer-designed lenses
Coolbeam operation for extended gobo, shutter and gel life
High performance 575W lamps
Fast and easy lamp centering with positive screw driver lock so that it won't move in transit
Fast positive peak/flat adjustment via screw drive mechanism for smooth, tool-free field settings
Bayonet action lamp changing system for simple lamp changes without affecting field setting
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Compact and lightweight, allowing closer hanging in tighter spaces
Smooth 360° body rotation for quick and easy gobo and shutter positioning
Shutters in three planes for triangular shutter cut
Highly versatile rigging by combining 360° rotation with two balance positions for yoke
Large rear handle for easy positioning
Wide gate will fit 2 gobo holders, including glass gobo holder, drop-in iris or rotating gobo holder
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Fresnel Spotlight
Beam is controllable and shapeable.
Focus
Barn Doors
Color
Soft Edged Beam
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Fresnel Spotlight
High-output Fresnels
Lightweight extruded aluminum body, with black finish
1000W and 2000W
Vented lens door
Smooth and concise spot-to-flood adjustment
All handles thermally insulated
Barndoor optional
Bi-post socket version available. Ideal for small television studios particularly low-power, educational and in-house commercial and industrial facilities
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Cyclorama Lighting
Smooth Field of Light
Asymmetric distribution
Color Mixing
6 - 8 feet
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Moving Lights
Add Flexibility to the Lighting Design
Pan, Tilt and Beam Shape
Patterns, Color and Effects
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ControlDetermine how lighting will be controlled
Theatrical ConsolesArchitectural StationsStage Mgr. PanelsEthernet EquipmentRemote InputsAux. ControlA / V Interfaces
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Control100 Series Console
Fully digital control console 12 channel 2 scene preset, 24 channel single scene preset operation with unique Hold function in single scene mode Built in effect operation Designed for portable or rack mounting applicationsSplit crossfader with time fade function Bump buttons Grand Master and Black out key DMX 512 output
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Control200 Series Console
Fully digital control console Two models available 12/24 channels or 24/48 channels Two pages of Submasters memories All consoles feature 2 scene preset operation or expanded single scene preset operation with unique Hold function in single scene mode Up to 24 effects each with up to 99 steps Split crossfader with time fade function Bump buttons on all channels Grand Master and Black out key Full DMX 512 operation with patch
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DistributionDistributing circuits throughout the facility
Connector Strips Plug BoxesDrop BoxesMulticable ExtensionsFloor Pockets
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Plug BoxesMulti-Cable
Floor Pocket
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CD80 Packs
Rugged dimmer packs for portable and permanent applications
Full range of capacities: 24 – 1.2kW, 12 - 2.4kW, 24 - 2.4kW 6 - 6kW or 6 - 12kW
Full range of output connectors: pin connectors, twist locks and parallel blades or terminal strip output for permanent installations
Plug-in digital command module
Overlapping simultaneous 0 to +10V analog control output
Illuminated push buttons for local control (full/normal) plus ‘panic’ feature for instant on
Input and output XLR connectors for daisy chaining packs
Simple phase change from single phase 3 wire to three phase 4 wire
Toroidal chokes for high-quality filtering
Portable Dimmers
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CD80 Single DimmerRugged dimmers for portable applications Capacities: 2.4kW, 12kW and 24kW Stage pin power connections Plug-in digital command module Integral circuit breaker Recessed controls DMX512 control versions Stackable UL, cULlisted
Portable Dimmers
Light PackQuiet IGBT Dimming Technology Fully short circuit protected DMX In/Out Local Control for easy set up 800μs transition time Forward or reverse phase operation Integrates with all Strand Dimming Systems UL cUL listed 3 Year Warranty
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Portable Dimmers
S21 Dimmer StickFully Digital Dimmer strip DMX 512 I/O Quiet convection cooled dual IGBT dimmers Energy efficient-only a 2.5 volt insertion loss Local Focus buttons and status display 450 μs transition time on 1.2kW dimmers and 800 μs on 2.4kW dimmers significantly reduces lamp sing Automatic Short Circuit protection Wide range of load connector options Integrates with Strand C21 and A21 Dimmers Hangers available for wall and pipe mount applications
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Portable Dimmers
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Portable Dimmers
R21 RacewayFully Digital Powered Raceway DMX 512 I/O Simplified Data distribution over ShowNet Networking Remote processor option provides support for up to 96 dimmers Quiet convection cooled dual IGBT dimmers Energy efficient - only a 2.5 volt insertion loss Local Focus buttons and status display 800 μs transition time significantly reduces lamp sing Automatic Short Circuit protection Wide range of load connector options Integrates with Strand C21 and A21 Dimmers Dimmer Status reporting standard Hangers available for Wall and pipe mount applications
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Emergency Transfer
UL1008 and NFPA 110 Available
2 Circuits to 36 Circuits per Cabinet
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Layout and Design
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Identify traditional lighting positions
Grid
FOH
Proscenium Cyclorama
Electrics
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Locating the Lights. Fresnels, Spots and Pars.- Front of House,(FOH) Position is a primary part
of the stage front lighting
45 º angle
Audience or “House”
FOH Cove or Catwalk
Stage Rake
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45º Angles Create Dimension
Stage(Top View)
FOH Position
SL Spotlights
SL Spotlights
Fresnels
Fresnels
Cyc
Lig
ht
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Create a flat field
FOH Position
Stage Right
Stage Left
Up
Sta
ge
Do
wn
Sta
ge
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COLOR CREATES
* Shadow * Time of Day
* Mood
FOH“Electric”
Overlap warmAnd cool color to
set the mood
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Side Lighting Fills the Shadows
Box Booms
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Onstage - Lighting the Cyc
4th Onstage ElectricCYC
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Cyc lighting 6 - 8 feet
The special reflector in a Cyc lightwashes the Cyc with a flat field
of light. Multiple Cyc lights permit color mixing and good horizontal
coverage.
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Onstage - the First Electric
1st Onstage Electric
4th Onstage Electric
Stage Electrics are trussing or pipesthat are numbered to identify them easily
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Onstage - Filling in the rest
1st Onstage Electric
2nd Onstage Electric
3rd Onstage Electric
4th Onstage Electric
Co
un
ter
Wei
gh
t S
yste
m
Inte
rcep
t P
anel
s
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Floor Level Circuits* Floor Pockets * Plug Boxes
Floor Pockets
Plug Boxes
Stage circuits can be on the walls,on flexible cables for the Electrics
or in floor pockets
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Circuiting - Front of House• Front of House - Space
circuits on 18 inch to 2 foot centers
• Number from the furthest front of house position to the nearest, then from the furthest Side of House to the nearest
• Don’t forget the houselights - they are numbered after the last stage circuit
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The First Electric
• Most heavily used• 18 to 24 inch circuit
spacing• Sometimes “Double
Hung”• Use a connector strip
rather than boxes when possible
First Bridge at the San Francisco Opera -192 ccts
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Cyclorama Electric
• Space circuits to match cyclorama lighting units on 6 or 8 foots centers in groups of 3 or 4 circuits
• Add circuits for use as backlighting or specials
• In small theaters cyc circuits may be “paired”
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Mid Stage Electrics
• Circuit spacing is 18 to 36 inches
• May be a connector strips or “Drop” boxes
• Drop boxes get fed from both ends of a pipe
• If drop boxes are used, include a selection of extension cables for circuiting lights
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Stage floor level circuits
• Locate both Stage Left and Stage Right at “tormentor” openings: typically 2 to 4 ccts each
• Used very heavily in dance facilities - ‘shinbusters’
• Used for stage level effects, ground rows, and “practical lighting”
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How many dimmers do I need?
• Count circuits - dimmer per circuit is the industry standard
• Add Houselight circuits
• Paralleling is possible at Cyclorama and wall circuits
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Electrical issues
• Always use separate neutrals for each circuit
• Derate to no less than 400 amps per rack whenever possible.
• Plan for K rated transformers for large installations
• 3% load loss, or 12 BTU/Hr per amp of connected load
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Dimmer considerations
• Select modules with filtering to meet the needs of your facility - most use 350us, (micro seconds) standard dimmers for “Road Houses”
• Performing Arts Centers often use hi-rise time 800us dimmers or Sinewave dimmers for Quiet operation
• Television studios use 500us dimmers or 800 us dimmers depending on live stage recording requirements
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Specialty Modules
• Contactor modules provide switching for fluorescent and metal halide loads as well as motors, effects devices and worklights
• Sinewave Dimmer Modules provide completely silent loads with very low harmonic content – ideal for houselights and other quiet applications
• 3 Wire Fluorescent modules are optimized for Hi resolution fluorescent ballasts such as Hi lume
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Choosing a control consoleBasic and Mid-Range
• Manual control desks for smaller facilities
• Memory systems up to 500 channels for a variety projects
• Memory/Manual systems for flexibility
• Basic DMX Cable Belden 9829
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Advanced control systems
• Larger channel capacities
• Highly sophisticated controls
• Networking• Multi-console• Automated
luminaires• Remote video
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Sample Solutions
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Small School Stage
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A plan view
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System riser
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A Medium size system
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System Riser
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Larger system
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System Riser
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Solutions made Simpleby