the auroral effect_eee

8/13/2019 The Auroral Effect_eee

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Auroral *one. (he technology use# in the satellite helps in e'tracting the energy $rom the

space in the auroral *one. +n our paper we have ma#e use o$ ma'imum non conventional

sources an# innovative metho#s to harness energy $rom a $amiliar phenomenon Aurora

which can %ring a%out a revolution.

1.INTRODUCTION:

Sun the source o$ energy in the universe is a magnetically active star. Solar win# is the

plasma $rom the suns coronna.+t constantly e'pan#s away $rom the sun, an# is %lown o$$

as the solar win#. (he solar win# is a stream o$ charge# particles e4ecte# $rom the upper

atmosphere o$ the sun, which mostly consists o$ electrons an# protons with energy

%etween 1 an# 1 kvetches particles move with a very high velocity an# #ue to this

continuous $low o$ charge a current is set up. &y ampere circuital law a changing

magnetic $iel# is set up an# %y $ara#ays laws o$ electromagnetic in#uction, an electric

$iel# is set up. 6nergy $rom the solar win# is constantly %uil#ing up in the

magnetosphere, an# this energy is what powers aurora. Solar particles are always entering

the tail o$ the magnetosphere $rom the solar win# an# moving towar#s the sun. An

electric voltage is create# %etween the magneto tail an# the poles, like the voltage

%etween the two terminals o$ the %attery. +t can reach a very high voltage o$ a%out 7

volts. (he voltage spee#s them up to a%out 181 the velocity o$ light, an# when they hit

the top o$ the atmosphere, they pro#uce a %right glow. (hat is the AUR2RA

&2R6A0+S9 (he aurora takes place at aroun# :1km $rom the sur$ace o$ earth which

e'ten#s to thousan#s o$ kilometers in the sky. (hus there is a large amount o$ energy is

concentrate# in the auroral region in the $orm o$ kinetic energy o$ the solar particles

electrons an# protons/.(his e'cess amount o$ energy can %e %rought on to the sur$ace o$

the earth an# utilise#.;or utili*ing this we re)uire proper means an# metho#s. As per our

stu#y we have $oun# it to %e a pie*o electric material, which works on the principle o$

pie*o electric e$$ect. (he e$$ect states that i$ mechanical pressure is applie# to one pair o$

opposite $aces o$ certain crystals, e)ual an# opposite electric currents charges appear

across the other $aces. (he pie*o electric material can reach the auroral region with the

help o$ a ri%%on which connects the earth an# space known.(he ri%%on is ma#e up o$

nano material whose strength appears greater enough to make this possi%le. A satellite is


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attache# to the other en# o$ the ca%le, place# in the auroral region, ensures that the ca%le

remains stretche# taut, countering the gravitational pull. (he pie*o electric material can

%e place# in this satellite to e'tract the e'cess energy present in the space.

!. MODEL DEVELOPMENT:

2.1. BASE STATION:

(he %ase station #esigne# typically $alls into two categoriesmo%ile an# stationary.

Mo%ile stations are typically large oceangoing vessels. Stationary plat$orms woul#

generally %e locate# in high altitu#e locations, such as on top o$ mountains or even

potentially on high towers.

!.! CABLE:

(he space elevator ca%le must %e ma#e o$ a material with large tensile strength8mass

ratio. (he space ca%le woul# nee# a material capa%le o$ sustaining :1km o$ its own

weight an# also the weight o$ solar cells to each the auroral *one.(here$ore, a material

with very high strength an# lightness is nee#e#. pa.

!.?.SATELLITE :

A satellite is launche# $rom the %ase station to reach the auroral *one. (he satellite serves

two purposes. +t acts as a counterweight an# also it plays a signi$icant role in the

e'traction o$ huge amount present in the space %y the use o$ pie*o electric material. (he

#imension o$ satellite is appro'imately ?7 km.

!.7.PIEZO ELECTRIC MATERIAL :

ie*o electric crystals are electromechanical trans#ucers. 3hen a mechanical $orce is

applie# on either si#es o$ a pie*o electric material, electric charge is set up on the other

two si#es. (his mechanical $orce can %e in the $orm o$ parameters such as velocity, light,

pressure etc. An important engineering $actor in the use o$ pie*o electric trans#ucers is

the electromechanical coupling %etween electrical an# mechanical energies. (he

electromechanical coupling $actor k is #e$ine# in terms o$ K!.


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K 2 =output electrical energy /input mechanical energy.

(o get a high output we nee# a material with high electromechanical coupling $actor.

0ea# *irconate titanate (5?87= has very high electromechanical coupling $actor o$ .==

which can %e use# in this application.

2.5. CAPACITORS:

(he power capacitors o$ very high storage capacity are use# in the satellite to store the

electrical energy pro#uce# at the pie*o electric crystal en#. (his energy is then #ischarge#

which acts as an A< voltage input $or the antenna.

2.6. ANTENNAS:

3hen attache# to a source o$ high$re)uency A< power, an antenna acts as a transmitting

#evice, converting A< voltage an# current into electromagnetic wave energy. Antennas

also have the a%ility to intercept electromagnetic waves an# convert their

energy into A< voltage an# current. (rans$er o$ energy $rom space is e$$iciently o%taine#

%y this metho# %ecause these signals have low attenuation an# losses throughout its travel

time. 3e have employe# two types o$ antenna in our pro4ect such as

1. "ipole antenna B this antenna converts the input A< voltage to 6M signals.

!. 0oop antenna B this antenna converts the 6M signal %ack to the A< voltage.

?.WORKING OF THE PROECT:

(he pro4ect can %e clearly un#erstoo# %y the stu#y o$ various parameters like circuit

#iagram, circuit $or solar cells, out put an# e$$iciency an# cost $actors. (hese are %rie$ly

#iscusse# herein.

!.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

(he circuit #iagram $or ro4ect set up is shown in ;igure 1. +n the auroral *one, the $ast

moving electrons an# protons $lu' #ensity ranging $rom 1.!C1 D to .7C1particles8cm?

/ carry huge amount o$ energy o$ ?1Mev.(his energy o$ these $ast moving particles

are imparte# to the pie*oelectric material which converts it to electrical energy. A voltage

is set up across the pie*o electric material.


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F"#$%& 1.C"%'$"( D")#%)* +,% P%,&'( S&($

(he pie*o electric material use# ( has an electromechanical coupling $actor value to

%e .== an# the power output will %e ??C17 watts8charge# particle. (he net power output

as per the calculations is $oun# to %e ?? >3. (he power capacitors are use# here to store

the e'cess charge. (his is the power input $or the #ipole antenna which converts this into

6M waves which are receive# at the loop antennas raise# at the %ase station an# thus a

$inal A< voltage is generate#.


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!.2. SCHEMATIC CIRCUITS OF THE ANTENNA:

An antenna-s impe#ance relates the voltage to the current at the input to the antenna. (he

real part o$ an antenna-s impe#ance represents power that is either ra#iate# away or

a%sor%e# within the antenna. (he imaginary part o$ the impe#ance represents power that

is store# in the near $iel# o$ the antenna nonra#iate# power/.

(he power that is #elivere# to the antenna can %e easily $oun# to %e,

;or ma'imum power to %e trans$erre# $rom the generator to the antenna, the i#eal value

$or the antenna impe#ance is given %y,


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(he resulting receive# power can %e written asE

!./. SPECIFICATIONS OF THE EM WAVES:

1. ;re)uency F ? B ? >G* super high $re)uency/

!. 3ave length F 1 1 cm

?. "irectivity F 1 B 7 #&

7. Helocity F ? I 1:m8s

/. OUTPUT:

/.1. CACULATIONS FOR PIEZO ELECTRIC MATERIAL:

6nergy o$ a single electron8proton striking the pei*o electric material F 1 keH

;lu' #ensity o$ charge# particles F 1.! I 1

D

particles8cm

!

8s6nergy o$ charge# particles8cm! F1 I 1D I1.! I 1D

F1! I11 J 8cm!

(otal mechanical energy pro#uce# over entire area o$ pei*o electric material

F ?? I 17 8 1 5

F ?? I 1 watt

F ?? M3

6lectrical energy output o$ the pie*o electric material F .==/!I ??

F 15D5.= M3

F 1.D >3


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/.2. CACULATIONS FOR ANTENNA:

(otal power #elivere# to the transmit antenna F 1.D >3

ower receive# %y the receiver antenna F 1.D >3 appro'.

Since the attenuation o$ the 6M signals are negligi%le an# the e'act power can %e

calculate# %y knowing the physical parameters o$ the antennas un#er use./

5.COST ANALYSIS:

(o set up any power station, we nee# to invest some amount. Accor#ing to our analysis,

(he installation o$ our %ase station an# the launching o$ a satellite woul# cost a $ew

thousan# #ollars. +n $act this is the only area where we nee# to invest. (he other main

components involve# in our pro4ect such as pie*o electric material, solar panels woul#

cost very less. 3e have taken care to select a pie*o electric material with high e$$iciency

an# less cost which is lea# *irconate titanate %( 5?87=. Moreover very less

maintenance is re)uire# $or our set up unlike other power plants. So in total our set up is

cost e$$ective an# #elivers a very large amount o$ power with comparatively less

investment.

D.CONCLUSION:

3e conclu#e %y suggesting that this power plant can %e set up in ka$$eklu%%en o$$ the

northern coast o$ >reenlan# a%out = km 77 mi/ away. (hrough this pro4ect, we

o%tain a very high power output which can meet the energy crisis $ace# %y the worl# that

can %ring a%out a revolution. (hrough the pro4ect the auroral e$$ect, we promise to

make the worl# a %etter place to live in.

0. REFERENCES:

www.google.com

www.wikipe#ia.com
http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/

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