the art of cognitive radio in unmanned vehicles - rf · pdf filenovember 3, 2011 . basic...
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![Page 1: The Art of Cognitive Radio in Unmanned Vehicles - RF · PDF fileNovember 3, 2011 . Basic Cognitive Radio Architecture “Ability to learn from the environment and adapt its internal](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030501/5aad2e8d7f8b9ac55c8df53d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
November 3, 2011
The Art of Cognitive Radio in
Unmanned Vehicles Robert White – Director – RF Neulink
www.rfneulink.com
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November 3, 2011
What You Will Learn
• Basic Cognitive Radio Architecture • Basic Concepts of Software Defined Radio (SDR) • Basic Concepts of the Cognitive Unit & its relationship to SDR. • Spectrum Sensing - Radio Environment • Software Architecture Theory • Cognitive Radio Techniques - Benefit Unmanned Vehicles
Service Bandwidth
Channel Bandwidth Wc
Power
Frequency
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November 3, 2011
Basic Cognitive Radio Architecture
“Ability to learn from the environment and adapt its internal states by making corresponding changes in operating parameters in real-time”
• A flexible Software Defined Radio unit whose operating software provides a range of possible operating modes • A Cognitive Unit that makes decisions based on various inputs - Cognitive Engine - optimize performance based on Inputs - Cognitive Policies - compliance with external rules & policies • A separate Spectrum Sensing Subsystem to measure the signal environment
What Defines a Cognitive Radio
What is Required
“All of The Above May Be Part of a System or Network”
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November 3, 2011
Software Defined Radio (SDR)
SDR is a radio that has the ability to be transformed through the use of software or re-definable logic. Quite often this is done with general-purpose Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) or Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)
Possible dynamic characteristics of an SDR:
• Channel bandwidth
• Data rate
• Modulation type
• Error Correction – S/N vs
• Dynamic Configurations
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November 3, 2011
• Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) provide flexible programmability
• All modulation, cryptography, protocols, and source coding (voice, data, imagery) are established using software
• Many types of modulation can be accomplished over a broad range of frequencies, thereby an SDR is capable of servicing more than one class of service
• Field serviceable, when requirements change, upgrades and modifications are relatively easy to execute
SDR Technology Fundamentals
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November 3, 2011
Cognitive Unit
Cognitive Engine Function (Free Form) • Analyze Inputs Received – Spectrum Sensing • Optimize to a Performance Goal
• Define the Radio’s Current Internal State & Operating Environment Cognitive Policies • Check “Cognitive Engine” is in Compliance With:
* Regulatory Rules * Policies External to the Radio
Service Bandwidth
Channel Bandwidth Wc
Power
Frequency
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November 3, 2011
1) Radio-scene analysis, which encompasses the following: • Estimation of interference temperature of the radio environment; • Detection of spectrum holes.
2) Channel identification, which encompasses the following: • Estimation of channel-state information (CSI) BER/SN • Prediction of channel capacity for use by the transmitter
3) Transmit-power control and dynamic spectrum management.
Spectrum Sensing - Radio Environment
• Bit Error Rate (BER) • Signal to noise ratio (SIR) • Signal to interference & noise ratio (SINR) • Received signal strength
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November 3, 2011
Software Architecture Theory
Awareness
Sensing &
Modeling
Adapting Evolution & Optimization
Learning
Building & retaining
Knowledge Radio
Hardware
Ideal Characteristics: • Intelligence (Accurate decisions)
• Reliability (Consistent decisions)
• Awareness (Informed decisions)
• Adaptability (Situation dependent decisions)
• Efficiency (Low overhead decisions)
• Excellent Quality of Service (Good decisions)
Tradeoffs exist between these characteristics
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November 3, 2011
Cognitive Radio Techniques - Benefit Unmanned Vehicles
• One Common Radio Platform for all Unmanned Vehicles • Frequency Agile - Multi-Channel – Multi-Band SDR • Optimize Radio Links Under Changing Channel Conditions And Evolving Mission Requirements • Employ Cooperative Communications Techniques to Enhance the Performance of Unmanned Vehicle Networks
www.RFNeulink.com
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