K.K.SANTHOSH IX-BOYS

ECONOMICS:-

THE ARCHITECTS OF GREEN REVELUTION

THE ARCHITECTS OF GREEN REVELUTION :-

1.Dr.Norman Borlaug:- (1914-2009)

2.Chidambaram Subramaniam:- (1910-2000)

3. M.S.Swaminathan:- (1925- till now)

NORMAN BORLAUG :-

1.Dr.Norman Borlaug:- (1914-2009 

Norman Ernest Borlaug was an American agronomist, humanitarian and Nobel laureate who has

been called "the father of the Green Revolution", "agriculture's greatest spokesperson" and "The Man Who Saved A Billion Lives".  Born : March 25, 1914, Cresco, Iowa, United States  Died : September 12, 2009, Dallas, Texas, United States  Nationality : American  Education : University of Minnesota

Awards : Nobel Peace Prize, Congressional Gold Medal, More 

Dr . Norman Borlaug :-

Norman Ernest Borlaug,  (born March 25, 1914, Cresco, Iowa, U.S.—died Sept. 12, 2009, Dallas, Texas), American agricultural scientist, plant pathologist, and winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1970. He was one of those who laid the groundwork of the so-called Green Revolution, the agricultural technological advance that promised to alleviate world hunger.

Dr. Norman Borlaug Studies :-

Borlaug studied plant biology and forestry at the University of Minnesota and earned a Ph.D. in plant pathology there in 1941. From 1944 to 1960 he served as a research scientist at the Rockefeller Foundation’s Cooperative Mexican Agricultural Program in Mexico. Borlaug’s work was founded on earlier discoveries of ways to induce genetic mutations in plants. These methods led to modern plant breeding, with momentous results that included the tailoring of crop varieties for regions of climatic extremes. At a research station at Campo Atizapan he developed strains of grain that dramatically increased crop yields. Borlaug ultimately developed short-stemmed ("dwarf") wheat, a key element in the Green Revolution in developing countries.

FATHER OF THE GREEN REVOLUTION:-

The Green Revolution resulted in increased production of food grains (especially wheat and rice) and was in large part due to the introduction into developing countries of new, high-yielding varieties, beginning in the mid-20th century with Borlaug’s work. Its early dramatic successes were in Mexico and on the Indian subcontinent. Wheat production in Mexico multiplied threefold in the time that Borlaug worked with the Mexican government. In addition, dwarf wheat imported in the mid-1960s was responsible for a 60 percent increase in harvests in Pakistan and India. Borlaug also created a wheat-rye hybrid known as triticale. The increased yields resulting from Borlaug’s new strains enabled many developing countries to become agriculturally self-sufficient. However, since their introduction, those varieties were discovered to require large amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce their high yields, raising concerns about cost and potentially harmful environmental effects. As a result, newer varieties of food grains, which are not only high-yielding but also resistant to local pests and diseases, have been developed.

Normans Works And Contribution :-

Borlaug served as director of the Inter-American Food Crop Program (1960–63) and as director of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico City, from 1964 to 1979. In 1986 Borlaug created the World Food Prize as a way to honor individuals who have contributed to improving the availability and quality of food worldwide. In constant demand as a consultant, Borlaug served on numerous committees and advisory panels on agriculture, population control, and renewable resources. He also taught at Texas A&M University (1984–2009), where the Norman Borlaug Institute for International Agriculture was established in 2006. His numerous other honors include the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1977) and the Congressional Gold Medal (2007). 

GREAT PERSONOLITY :-

CHIDAMBARAM SUBRAMANIAM :-

Chidambaram Subramaniam:- (1910-2000)

Born On : January 30, 1910 Born In : Senguttaipalayam, Tamil Nadu Died On : November 7, 2000 Career : Freedom Fighter, Political

Leader Nationality : Indian

INTRODUCTION:- Ministers are elected to the cabinets. They come, serve the term,

and are elected again for yet another cabinet. Very few are able to justify their positions by contributing to the concerned ministry that they are appointed for. One such honorable and commendable minister was Chidambaram Subramaniam who, as a food minister, transformed the nation into a self-productive factory of wheat. Popularly known as the political architect of the "green revolution" in India, Subramaniam utilized his formidable skills in spreading the use of a new variety of wheat to millions of farmers, making India capable of harvesting wheat on homeland rather than importing. Besides, he was successful in supporting a new program for selling hybrid seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides at heavy subsidized rates. With this, Subramaniam gave India what it had been dreaming since long - green revolution.

Early Life:-

Early Life Chidambaram Subramaniam was born to Chidambara Goudner and his wife in a village named Senguttaipalayam near Coimbatore district, in the present state of Tamil Nadu. After completing his early education in Pollachi, he went to Chennai to take admission in Presidency College to pursue a bachelor's degree in physics. Thereafter, he studied law at Law College in Chennai.

Political Career :-In 1952, Subramaniam began his political career, after being

trained in the basics of politics and administration under Rajaji. He started off as a Minister of Education, Law and Finance in Madras State from 1952 to 1962. With this, he served as the leader in Madras Legislative Assembly for 10 years. He was, then, elected in Lok Sabha in 1962 and appointed as Minister for Steel and Mines. Eventually, he was given diverse portfolios to handle, like Agriculture in 1965, followed by finance and defense later on. With the Congress Party undergoing the split crisis in 1969, Subramaniam chose to side Indira Gandhi and hence, became the interim president of the party headed by her. He supported her during the Emergency period and served as the Finance Minister in the central government.

Position in the Government:-However, he chose to part ways with her post-Emergency

and joined Congress (Urs) Party, headed by Devraj Urs. He was also designated as the Deputy Chairperson of the Planning Commission of India during 1971-72. In 1990, he became the Governor of Maharashtra and conducted frequent meetings with leading academics, industrialists, representatives of non-governmental organizations, and prominent citizens on critical issues of the society, thereby transforming the Raj Bhavan into a common activity zone. But to his dismay, he was forced to resign after newspaper reporter overheard and reported that he criticized the working style of the then Prime Minister of India, P.V. Narasimha Rao.

Contributions to IndiaPrior to joining full-fledged politics, Subramaniam

plunged into the freedom struggle strongly and was even imprisoned for his active participation. Later on, he was elected to the Constituent Assembly and was also involved in structuring the Constitution of India. Amongst all his achievements and contributions, his best accomplishment has been the development of India's agricultural policy. After convincing the then Prime Minister of India, Lal Bahadur Shastri, and implementing the program, India was able to deliver a record production of wheat in 1972. This proved to be a major accomplishment of the Indian Green Revolution.

Awarded Bharat Ratna to He was further involved in introducing high-yielding

varieties of seeds and more intensive application of fertilizers which gave way for increasing the output of cereals in the late 1960s. He founded the National Agro Foundation at Chennai and Bharathidasan Institute of Management at Tiruchirappalli. Amongst all the proteges that Subramaniam produced, the most prominent include M.S. Swaminathan, former Agriculture Secretary B. Sivaraman, and Verghese Kurien. In 1998, he was conferred upon with the highest civilian award in India, Bharat Ratna.

Death :-Chidambaram Subramaniam died on

November 7, 2000 in Chennai, thereby ending the golden era of green revolution with him. He was 90.

Timeline:-1910 : Born in Senguttaipalayam, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

1952-62 : Served as Minister of Education, Law and Finance in Madras

State 1962 : Elected to Lok Sabha and became Minister of Steel and Mines 1965 : Appointed as Minister of Agriculture and handled the Green

Revolution1969 : Supported Indira Gandhi on the split of Congress Party1971-72 : Became Deputy Chairperson of the Planning Commission of India 1975 : Served as Finance Minister during Emergency 1990 : Appointed as Governor of Maharashtra 1998 : Honored with Bharat Ratna Award 2000 : Died on November 7 in Chennai, aged 90.

M.S.SWAMINATHAN :-

3. M. S. Swaminathan :- (1925- till now)

Monkombu Sambasivan Swaminathan is an Indian agriculture scientist, Born in August 7, 1925, in Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu. He was the second of four sons of a surgeon. His ancestral home is the island village of Monkompu, Alleppey District, Kerala. He is known as the "Father of the Green Revolution in India" , for his leadership and success in introducing and further developing high-yielding varieties of wheat in India. He is the founder and Chairman of the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation. His stated vision is to rid the world of hunger and poverty. Dr. Swaminathan is an advocate of moving India to sustainable development, especially using environmentally sustainable agriculture, sustainable food security and the preservation of biodiversity, which he calls an "evergreen revolution"

Contribution towards Green Revolution:-

A renowned scientist-statesman, Professor M S Swaminathan brings to his work the compassion of a humanist, critical and exploratory ability of a scientist and the philosophy vision of a planetary citizen. His scientific research for food and nutrition security has the overarching commitment to ecological preservation, poverty eradication, empowerment of women, social equity and above all promotion of human and moral values.

Mahatma Gandhi's concepts of sarvodaya and antyodaya remain central to his scientific work.

Dr Anwarl Dil's book outlines his outstanding contributions to the success of the green revolution and his efforts to transform it to an ever-green revolution by making it pro-nature, pro-women and pro-poor

M.S. Swaminathan is known as father of India's 2nd green revolution

M.S Swaminathan is known as father of India's 2nd green revolution. The year 2004 is some what termed as 2nd green revolution in India, it is also known as Rainbow revolution. It mainly deals with increase in production of next generation food grains The GOI as a effort to make 2nd green revolution implemented following programmes a) National horticulture mission-2005(objective):

doubling of horticulture production ie 300 million tonne

b) Rashtriya krishi vikas yojana-2007(objective): increase in 4% of agricultural growth c) National food security mission-2007(objective: rice by 10 million tonne, wheat by 8 million tonne and pulses by 2million tonne) However a full fledged 2nd green revolution has still not been able to be achieved.

M.S.SWAMINATHAN’S POSITION AND TRIUTES :-

Swaminathan has been recognized with a number of national and international awards, including Padma Shri (1967), Padma Bhushan (1972), Padma Vibhushan (1989), the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership (1971), and the Albert Einstein World Award on Science (1986). He was the first laureate of the World Food Prize (1987) that is regarded as the Nobel Prize in Agriculture. Currently Swaminathan holds the UNESCO Chair in Ecotechnology at the M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), Chennai, which he set up with funds from the World Food Prize. At present he is also a nominated Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha)

HAVE A NICE DAY !!!!

PRESENTED BYK.K.SANTHOSH – IX-BGREEN PARK INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL