The Land of PalestineThe Land of Palestine

Holy Land for three major

world religions:– Christianity– Judaism– Islam

Palestine was part of the Arab Empire from 700 to 1500

Then, Palestine was taken over and then ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1500 to 1918

“Palestine is located right in the middle of the Arab world”

In 1917-1918 the Ottoman Empire collapsed as a result of WWI, and the Arab parts were taken over by Britain and France as

‘Protectorates’.

This was not what the Arab soldiers who had supported Britain in World War I had expected.

They felt betrayed, but worse was to come.

Balfour Declaration (1917)

Balfour Declaration (1917)

“His Majesty’s Government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine…”

Sir Arthur James Balfour

Br. Foreign Secretary

Sir Arthur James Balfour

Br. Foreign Secretary

Once Britain took over control of Palestine, the number of Jewish settlers increased dramatically.

They settled in the yellow areas marked on the map.

The Arabs felt they were losing their country.

Jewish “Aliyahs” Jewish “Aliyahs”

Aliyah is a Hebrew word that means “Ascent”

Aliyah is a Hebrew word that means “Ascent”

Name Dates Immigration

First Aliyah 1882-1903 35,000

Second Aliyah 1904-1914 40,000

Third Aliyah 1919-1923 40,000

Fourth Aliyah 1924-1929 82,000

Fifth Aliyah 1929-1939 250,000

Aliyah Bet (Illegal)

1933-1948 110,000

Arab Revolts (1936-1939)

Arab Revolts (1936-1939)

The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Hussani, with Adolf Hitler.

The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Hussani, with Adolf Hitler.

In 1936, the Arabs living in Palestine revolt against the British rule and Jewish immigration into the region.

Civil War1945 -1947Civil War

1945 -1947

Question……….?

Jewish “Freedom Fighters”

or “Terrorists”?

Question……….?

Jewish “Freedom Fighters”

or “Terrorists”?

The British are fighting the Jewish militia.

The United NationsFebruary 1947

The United NationsFebruary 1947

Ernest BevinBritish Politician

Ernest BevinBritish Politician“Turn the whole

%#*#^! problem over to the United Nations!”

UNSCOP (United Nations Special Committee on

Palestine) creates a two state plan!

UNSCOP (United Nations Special Committee on

Palestine) creates a two state plan!

Result:

Israel Declares IndependenceMay 14, 1948

Israel Declares IndependenceMay 14, 1948

David Ben-Gurion

1st Prime Minister of Israel

David Ben-Gurion

1st Prime Minister of Israel

Arab reaction leads to……..

Instead of accepting the U.N. partition plan………

The 1948 War

The 1948 War

May 15, 1948 to

Feb. 1949

May 15, 1948 to

Feb. 1949

•15 Arab armies invade Israel• Armistice ends war• Israeli land increase by 21%• Syria takes Golan Hts and Egypt the Gaza Strip

Palestinian RefugeesPalestinian Refugees

“Palestinian Diaspora”

900,000 Arabs flee!

Suez Crisis (Oct.-Nov. 1956)

Suez Crisis (Oct.-Nov. 1956)

Gamal Abdul Nasser

Leader of Egypt

• Egypt nationalizes canal upsetting Britain & France• Britain & France convince Israel to invade Egypt• Israel invades and seizes Gaza Strip & Sinai Peninsula

Palestine Liberation Organization

Palestine Liberation Organization

Yasir ArafatLeader of the PLO

“To liberate Palestine via an armed struggle and guerilla movement”

Arab Strategy Changes:• Instead of waging war…..• Wage small guerilla attacks

(May 28, 1964)

Six-Day War (June 5-10, 1967)

Six-Day War (June 5-10, 1967)

• Egypt (Nasser) supports Arab world; blockades Gulf of Aqaba• Syria mobilizes army along Israel’s border• Israel attacks Egypt and Syria in response

• Result: Israel gains Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, Suez Canal, Jerusalem, Golan Heights, and the West Bank

U.N. Resolution 242 U.N. Resolution 242

• Israel will give back land for recognition from the Arab world

• Agree to withdraw from land gained in Six Day War

• Outcome: • Egypt, Lebanon, & Jordan accept• Syria DOES NOT!

(Nov. 22, 1967)

Yom-Kippur War (October 6-25 1973)

Yom-Kippur War (October 6-25 1973)

• Egypt and Syria attack Israel• Israel counter-attacks and wins more land

U.N. Resolution 338 (Oct. 1973)

U.N. Resolution 338 (Oct. 1973)

• Ended Yom Kippur War

• Conditions: 1.Israel will give back land gained in previous wars

2. Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria recognize Israel

* Same stipulations as U.N. Resolution 242

Camp David Accords -talks begin: September 1978 -accords signed: March 1979

Camp David Accords -talks begin: September 1978 -accords signed: March 1979

President President Prime MinisterAnwar Sadat Jimmy Carter Menachem Begin of Egypt of the U. S. Of Israel

• Framework for Peace Settlement• Israeli settlements removed• Israel leave Sinai to multi- national force

First Lebanon War (June 6-September 1982)

First Lebanon War (June 6-September 1982)

• PLO and Hezbollah launch guerrilla attacks into Israel from Lebanon

• Israel invades Lebanon• Results: PLO flees, enormous suffering, support for PLO grows

Palestinian Intifada-Part I

(1987-1993)

Palestinian Intifada-Part I

(1987-1993)

The Rise of Hamas as Islamic Resistance!

• Violent uprisings by Palestinian refugees against Israeli settlements

The Oslo Accords(September 1993)

The Oslo Accords(September 1993)

Foreign Minister President PLO Leader Shimon Peres Bill Clinton Yasir Arafat of Israel of the U. S. of Palestine

• Israel grants self-government to Palestinians in West Bank & Gaza • PLO recognizes Israel as a sovereign nation

Operation Defensive Shield

(March 29-May 3, 2002)

Operation Defensive Shield

(March 29-May 3, 2002)

• Large scale Israeli military operation to stop Palestinian terrorist attacks during 2nd Intifada• Israel re-occupies lands given up by Oslo Accords

Roadmap to Peace(April 2003)

Roadmap to Peace(April 2003)

Prime Minister President Prime Minister Mahmoud Abbas George H.W. Bush Ariel Sharon of Palestine of the U. S. of Israel

• U.S., Russia, E.U., and U.N. joint peace plan for the conflict• Three Steps:

• Palestinians dismantle terrorist groups• Israel withdraws from Palestinian lands & stop settlement building• Re-new negotiations to create Palestinian states after making reforms

Second Lebanon War(July12- August 14 2006)

Second Lebanon War(July12- August 14 2006)

• Hezbollah (Islamic militant group) launches rocket attacks into Israel from Lebanon• Reaction: Israel invades Lebanon (34 day conflict)

U.N. intervenes & conflict ends

The Conflict in Recent Times

The Conflict in Recent TimesSept.2007

Treaty talks between Israel/Syria;6 month cease-fire (Hamas & Israel)

Operation Orchard: Israel bombs suspected Syrian nuclear complex

May 2008

The Gaza War(Dec. 2008 to January 2009)

The Gaza War(Dec. 2008 to January 2009) • 3-week armed conflict between Israel and Palestinian/Hamas • Israeli Aim: - stop rocket attacks from Gaza Strip into Israel - stop arms imports into Gaza Strip

The Gaza Flotilla Incident(May 31, 2010)

The Gaza Flotilla Incident(May 31, 2010)

• Six ships led by activists from the Free Gaza Movement sail from Turkey to Gaza with what they claim is humanitarian aid

• Israeli commando storm ship looking for weapons

• Outcome: - 9 activists killed - 10 commandos hurt - widespread condemnation of Israel for raid - U.N. investigation

Territory of the Palestinian National

Authority as of 2012….. Peace Talks

Continue!

Territory of the Palestinian National

Authority as of 2012….. Peace Talks

Continue! TheWest Bank

TheGaza Strip