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The first political

cartoon by Ben

Franklin. What

does it mean?

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Britain Americans

Advantages ? ?

Disadvantages ? ?

Warm Up: On the Eve of the Revolution ?

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The Revolution Begins!

Question:How did the fighting at

Lexington and Concord

affect the colonies’ dispute

with Britain?

• The Revolutionary

War began in April

1775 when British

soldiers (Redcoats)

fought with colonial

citizen soldiers

(Minutemen) in the

towns of Lexington

and Concord,

Massachusetts.

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Lexington and Concord!

Lexington Concord

April 18, 1775

“Shot heard

round the world”

Paul Revere

and William Dawes

April 19, 1775

250 British casualties

vs. less than 100 colonists’

casualties

Where muskets of

militia members were believed

to be stored

Redcoats

Military Strategies

Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line].

Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down]

Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies.

The Americans The British

Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So.

Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally.

“Divide and Conquer” use the Loyalists.

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Phase I: The Northern Campaign[1775-1776]

Bunker Hill (June, 1775)

The British suffered over 40% casualties.

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BUNKER HILL (1775)

•BUNKER HILL--SHOULD MORE

ACCURATELY

BE NAMED

BREEDS HILL.

•Part of the British Siege

of Boston during the War. ..

AMERICANS

PUSHED BACK

TWO BRITISH

ATTACKS, ONLY

RETREATING

AFTER RUNNING OUT OF AMMUNITION.

•While the result was a victory for the British, they suffered their

greatest losses of the entire war: over 800 wounded and 226 killed,

including a notably large number of officers.

BUNKER HILL

• The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill by John Trumbull

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Using your answers, create an 8-10 slide PowerPoint and present!

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Phase II:

NY & PA[1777-1778]

New York City in Flames(1776)

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Washington Crossing the Delaware

Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

• During the night of December 25, 1776, U.S. General George Washington led his troops across the ice-swollen Delaware about 9 miles north of Trenton. To add to the difficulties, a significant number of Washington's force marched through the snow without shoes!

• The next morning they attacked to the south, taking the Hessian garrison by surprise and over-running the town. After fierce fighting, and the loss of their commander, the Hessians surrendered at Trenton.

• The news of the American victory spread rapidly through the colonies reinvigorating the failing spirit of the Revolution.

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GERMANTOWN (1777)

•THIS BRITISH

VICTORY FORCED

THE CONTINENTAL

CONGRESS

TO FLEE

PHILADELPHIA

AND SET UP A

TEMPORARY CAPITAL

IN NEW YORK

NEW YORK CITY

WHERE THE

CONTINENTAL

CONGRESS FLED

FOLLOWING THE

OCCUPATION OF

PHILADELPHIA

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ORISKANY

(1777)

•ORISKANY--

AMERICANS GET

AMBUSHED AT THIS

BATTLE NEAR FORT

STANWIX.

•Loyalists and Native

Americans fought against

Patriots in the absence of

British soldiers! For the

Natives, the battle was a

civil war: Oneidas allied

with the American militia

fought against members of

the other Iroquois nations.•THE AMERICANS

END UP WINNING THE DAY IN

THIS PRECURSOR

TO THE BATTLE OF SARATOGA

Herkimer at the Battle of

Oriskany, August 6, 1777

BRANDYWINE (1777)

•THIS BRITISH

VICTORY IN

PENNSYLVANIA

EFFECTIVELY

GAVE COMPLETE

CONTROL OF

PHILADELPHIA TO THE BRITISH MILITARY

•British occupation of Philadelphia, Pen. would last

until June, 1778.

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Warm Up:

• PICTURE 1 PICTURE 2

• What problems are shown facing the soldiers camped at Valley Forge? What other problems might they have faced that are not shown? How do you think the British army's experience in Philadelphia compared with the Americans' experience? For picture 2, compare the style of dress of the congressmen and the soldiers, and brainstorm what Washington might have been saying to the congressmen.

Washington’s Headaches

Only 1/3 of the colonists were in favor of a war for independence [the other third were Loyalists, and the final third were neutral].

State/colony loyalties.

Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army.

Poor training [until the arrival of Baron von Steuben.

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Loyalist

Strongholds

VALLEY FORGE

--WHERE

WASHINGTON’S ARMY WINTERED

IN 77/78. HE SUFFERED HUGE

LOSSES OF MEN TO DIESEASE AND

DESERTION.

VALLEY FORGE

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Video: “Valley Forge” (50 M.)

Chronicles the American

Continental Army's stay at

valley forge, Pennsylvania,

during the harsh winter of

1777–1778, and reveals how

George Washington's

strategic dealings with

Congress and Friedrich

Wilhelm von Steuben's

intensive training camp for the

soldiers changed the course

of the American Revolution.

An archaeological study at the

site of the Battle of Monmouth

illustrates how key

improvements in American

combat tactics shifted the

war's favor from the British to

the American army.

Pay attention!!! Your assignment follows!

Q. Can you crack the code?

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Valley Forge & Continental Army

Poster Assignment

• Directions: You will create a recruitment poster for Washington’s Army! Requirements:

• 1) A motivational slogan with a patriotic image that you draw and color!

• 2) Details about the problems the Army faced in 1777/1778

• 3) Reasons why young men and women should join and what jobs they could perform.

• 4) Goals: What does Washington’s Army hope to accomplish and why?

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Dark Hours for the Revolution

Question:What contributions did

men, women, American

Indians, and African

Americans make to the war

effort?

Dark Hours for the Revolution

War Effort

Men

American Indians

many volunteered

for army

fought on both sides but

many remained neutral

Women

served as nurses, spies, or

messengers; ran farms or

businesses; some fought

in battles

African Americans

many fought for British to

gain freedom; free African

Americans were allowed to

join patriots

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The Patriots Gain New Hope

Question:In what ways did

foreign nations and

individuals aid the

Patriots?

The Patriots Gain New Hope

NATION/INDIVIDUAL

France and Spain

Bernardo de Gálvez

Marquis de Lafayette

Tadeusz Kosciusko

Kazimierz Pulaski

Friedrich von Steuben

provided military supplies

CONTRIBUTION

helped on western frontier

fought and provided money

brought engineering skills

helped train cavalry units

taught basic military skills

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Saratoga:

“Turning Point”of the War?

A modern-day re-enactment

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Phase III: The Southern Strategy [1780-1781]

Britain’s “Southern Strategy”

Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South.

Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving.

The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!]

Good US General:Nathanial Greene

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How the colonies

won independence!

Question:What are some

important facts about

each of the major

Revolutionary War

battles?

ASSIGNMENT:

• Complete: The

“Revolutionary War Battles”

graphic organizer. When

complete, you will be treated

to a computer simulation on

the War!

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Go to

http://library.thinkquest.org/116

83/BattleEntrance.html. Play

the simulation and write 200

words, explaining what is

required to achieve success as

commander of the continental

army!

AMERICAN REBELS AMBUSH A

GROUP OF LOYALISTS, WHICH

SETS UP VICTORY AT COWPENS.

KINGS MOUNTAIN

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COWPENS

NAMED FOR

WHERE THE

BATTLE TOOK

PLACE. DANIEL

MORGAN AND

NATHANIEL

GREENE DEFEAT

PART OF

CORNWALLIS’S

DIVISION

BEFORE

RETREATING TO

GUILFORD

COURTHOUSE

The Battle of Yorktown (1781)

Count de Rochambeau

AdmiralDe Grasse

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YORKTOWN--

CORNWALLIS IS

SURROUNDED BY THE

AMERICAN ARMY

AND

ROCHAMBEAU OF

THE FRENCH NAVY

AND IS FORCED TO

SURRENDER ON OCT.

19. 1781, EFFECTIVELY

ENDING THE WAR.

YORKTOWN

Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:

Painted by John Trumbull, 1797

“The World Turned Upside Down!”

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North America After theTreaty of Paris, 1783

Practice Review Quiz

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Unit Wrap-Up

1. Why did the colonies declare their

independence from Britain?

2. What are the three rights that all

men have according to the

Declaration of Independence?

3. Why did some foreign countries

help the Patriots, and what role did

Patriots such as Benjamin Franklin

play in gaining this support?

Review for Test:

• Complete “Crossword

Review for

Revolutionary War

Test”