The American The American RevolutionRevolution

Birth of the American Birth of the American RepublicRepublic

Glorious Revolution & Glorious Revolution & Impact on American Impact on American RevolutionRevolution England became a limited England became a limited

monarchy with the signing of monarchy with the signing of English Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights

As British citizens, the American As British citizens, the American colonists felt they were not being colonists felt they were not being treated as full citizens, having treated as full citizens, having limited representation in limited representation in ParliamentParliament

Thomas Paine: Thomas Paine: Common SenseCommon Sense

The 13 English The 13 English ColoniesColonies

Parliament passed the Parliament passed the Navigation ActsNavigation Acts to to regulate colonial trade and manufacturing regulate colonial trade and manufacturing under under mercantilistmercantilist** policies. policies.

**The colonial economy should be carefully The colonial economy should be carefully controlled by Britain to make sure that the mother controlled by Britain to make sure that the mother country’s economic power continues to growcountry’s economic power continues to grow

Colonists shared common values, respect for Colonists shared common values, respect for individual enterprise, and a growing self-individual enterprise, and a growing self-confidence…Their own identity separate from confidence…Their own identity separate from Britain.Britain.

Growing DiscontentGrowing Discontent

““No taxation without No taxation without Representation”…What does this Representation”…What does this mean?mean?““Boston Massacre”Boston Massacre”Boston Tea Party: The British Boston Tea Party: The British closed the port of Boston until closed the port of Boston until damages were paid and order damages were paid and order restoredrestoredContinental CongressContinental Congress

How does this cartoon suggest Franklin’s attitude toward colonial

involvement in the war?

The Boston Massacre The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)(March 5,1770)

How does this engraving show how the How does this engraving show how the colonists felt about the British troops?colonists felt about the British troops?

By Paul RevereBy Paul Revere

Boston Tea Party Boston Tea Party (1773)(1773)

Declaring IndependenceDeclaring Independence

George George WashingtonWashington in in commandcommand of of the the Continental ArmyContinental Army

Second Continental CongressSecond Continental Congress voted voted to declare independence from Britainto declare independence from Britain

Thomas Thomas JeffersonJefferson was the chief was the chief author of the author of the Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence, which reflects the , which reflects the ideas of ideas of John LockeJohn Locke

Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence (1776)(1776)

The Declaration of The Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Reflects Enlightenment ideas of Reflects Enlightenment ideas of John Locke John Locke (pg 461)(pg 461)

Emphasized the principle of Emphasized the principle of Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

Listed the colonists Listed the colonists grievancesgrievances against Britainagainst Britain

What were the grievances that What were the grievances that led American colonists to write led American colonists to write the Declaration of Independence?the Declaration of Independence?

10 Grievances of the 10 Grievances of the Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence1.1. King George is not agreeing to pass King George is not agreeing to pass

laws for the good of the peoplelaws for the good of the people

2.2. He is not allowing his Governors to He is not allowing his Governors to pass laws unless he agrees to them, pass laws unless he agrees to them, but he is ignoring them.but he is ignoring them.

3.3. He has gotten rid of Representative He has gotten rid of Representative houses for opposing the king’s attacks houses for opposing the king’s attacks on peoples’ rightson peoples’ rights

4.4. He has made judges dependent on He has made judges dependent on him.him.

5.5. He has kept a large standing army He has kept a large standing army among the colonistsamong the colonists

10 Grievances of the 10 Grievances of the Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

6. He made the military superior to the 6. He made the military superior to the civil governmentcivil government

7. He quartered troops in the colonists 7. He quartered troops in the colonists home without their consenthome without their consent

8. He imposed taxes without the consent 8. He imposed taxes without the consent of the colonistsof the colonists

9. He deprived some colonists trial by 9. He deprived some colonists trial by juryjury

10. He refused colonists permission for a 10. He refused colonists permission for a redressredress of grievances of grievances

The RevolutionThe Revolution

1/3 of the colonists 1/3 of the colonists were loyalists, those were loyalists, those who supported Britainwho supported Britain

Britain had Britain had professional soldiers, a professional soldiers, a huge fleet, and huge fleet, and plentiful moneyplentiful money

Continental Congress Continental Congress had few military had few military resources and little resources and little money to pay its money to pay its soldierssoldiers

Colonists were Colonists were fighting on there fighting on there own soil for their own soil for their farms and townsfarms and towns

They controlled They controlled the country sidethe country side

Colonists were Colonists were fighting for fighting for INDEPENDENCEINDEPENDENCE

Disadvantages Advantages

The British Are The British Are Coming . . .Coming . . .

Paul ReverePaul Revere & & William DawesWilliam Dawes make make their midnight ride to warn the their midnight ride to warn the

MinutemenMinutemen of approaching British of approaching British soldiers.soldiers.

The Shot Heard ’Round The Shot Heard ’Round the World!the World!

Lexington Lexington && Concord Concord – April – April 18,177518,1775

The Battles (pg 462)The Battles (pg 462)

First First twotwo battles: battles: Lexington and Lexington and ConcordConcord

Turning point: The Battle of Turning point: The Battle of SaratogaSaratoga = Colonists gain French support= Colonists gain French support

British commander, Cornwallis, British commander, Cornwallis, surrenders at the Battle of surrenders at the Battle of YorktownYorktown

Treaty of Paris Treaty of Paris

Saratoga: Saratoga:

“Turning Point” “Turning Point”

A modern-day re-enactment

Cornwallis’ Surrender at Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:Yorktown:

Painted by John Trumbull, 1797

““The World Turned Upside The World Turned Upside Down!” Down!”

Weaknesses of theWeaknesses of theArticles of Articles of

ConfederationConfederationA unicameral Congress [9 of 13 votes to pass a law].

13 out of 13 to amend.

Representatives were frequently absent.

Could not tax or raise armies.

No executive or judicial branches.

A New Constitution (pg A New Constitution (pg 463)463)

EnlightenmentEnlightenment ideas of Locke, ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, and RousseauMontesquieu, and Rousseau

Created a Created a Federal RepublicFederal Republic: power : power divided between the federal divided between the federal government and state governmentgovernment and state government

Separation of powersSeparation of powers: legislative, : legislative, executive, and judicialexecutive, and judicial

Checks and balancesChecks and balances Bill of RightsBill of Rights

US CONSTITUTION: US CONSTITUTION: An Enlightenment An Enlightenment DocumentDocumentENLIGHTENMENT IDEAENLIGHTENMENT IDEA

John Locke – a John Locke – a government’s government’s power come from power come from the the consentconsent of of the people the people

US CONSTITUTIONUS CONSTITUTION Preamble begins “ Preamble begins “

We the people…”We the people…” creates creates

representativerepresentative governmentgovernment

limitslimits government government powerspowers

US CONSTITUTION: US CONSTITUTION: An Enlightenment An Enlightenment DocumentDocument

ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAENLIGHTENMENT IDEA Montesquieu – Montesquieu –

separation of powersseparation of powers

US CONSTITUTIONUS CONSTITUTION federal system of federal system of

governmentgovernment powers divided powers divided

among three among three branchesbranches

system of checks system of checks and balancesand balances

US CONSTITUTION: US CONSTITUTION: An Enlightenment An Enlightenment DocumentDocumentENLIGHTENMENT ENLIGHTENMENT

IDEAIDEA Rousseau – direct Rousseau – direct

democracydemocracy

Voltaire – free Voltaire – free speech, religious speech, religious tolerationtoleration

US CONSTITUTIONUS CONSTITUTION public election of public election of

president and president and CongressCongress

Bill of Rights Bill of Rights provides for provides for freedom of speech freedom of speech and religionand religion

Limited FreedomLimited Freedom

White males who met certain White males who met certain propertyproperty requirements could vote requirements could vote

Looking AheadLooking Ahead

Constitution of the United States Constitution of the United States created the most progressive created the most progressive government of its daygovernment of its day

Enlightenment ideas that sparked Enlightenment ideas that sparked the American Revolution will the American Revolution will bring changes in Europebring changes in Europe