the american colonies
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The American Colonies. WHY?. For what reasons did individuals come to America?. New England Colonies. Massachusetts (1620). Pilgrims (Plymouth) Separatists wanted to separate from the Anglican Church 1st Thanksgiving - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The American Colonies
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WHY?For what reasons did individuals come to America?
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New England Colonies
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Massachusetts (1620)• Pilgrims (Plymouth)
– Separatists• wanted to separate from the Anglican
Church
– 1st Thanksgiving
– Mayflower Compact• 41 men drew up the agreement
to outline fair and equal laws for the colony; signed on the Mayflower
• 1620
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Massachusetts (1630)• Puritans
• Purify and reform Anglican Church• Massachusetts Bay Colony• Strict religious beliefs; radical
• John Winthrop“for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty
upon a Hill, the eies of all people are uppon us; soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us”
City Upon A Hill, 1630
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– New Hampshire (1630)• John Mason• English and Scots-Irish settlers• Economic freedom• Settled for religious freedom• Escape for those constricted by harsh religious and
economic rules of the Puritans
• Royal Colony
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– Rhode Island (1636)• Roger Williams • Exiled by Puritans in Mass. settled in Providence• Religious freedom• Trade
– Connecticut (1636)• Thomas Hooker• Dutch (economic freedom) and English (religious
freedom)• Asked to leave by Mass.• Agriculture and trade
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Middle Colonies
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– New York (1626)• Peter Minuit• Dutch (Netherlands), taken over by English• Trade and profits• Anglican• Proprietary to royal colony
– New Jersey (1660)• Lord Berkley• Established by Sweden became English• Agriculture, trade and profits• Proprietary to royal colony
– Delaware (1638)• Peter Minuit• Dutch, Swedish and English• Farming, trade and profits• Proprietary
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Pennsylvania (1682)– William Penn– Proprietary– Home to many European
Immigrants: Swedish, Dutch, English, Scots-Irish and German
– Farming
• Quakers– Equality and all possessed
“Inner Light”– Pennsylvania
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Southern Colonies
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Virginia (1607)• Jamestown• 1st permanent settlement mostly males
(indentured servants and treasure hunters)• 60/900 colonists survived• Ruled by John Smith• Founded by the Virginia Company
– Joint-stock company: organized to raise money by selling stocks/shares to investors
– Becomes royal
House of Burgesses (1619)-22 representatives called burgesses met to outline laws for the colony
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– Maryland (1634)• George Calvert, Lord
Baltimore• Religious freedom for
Catholics• Established for trade,
finding precious metals and to locate a water passage across the continent
• Farming• Proprietary
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Maryland Act of Toleration• 1649• Granted freedom of worship for all
Catholics• Symbolic beginning of freedom of religion
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– North Carolina (1653)• Group of proprietors: business venture• Settlers from Virginia • Farming, trade and profit• Anglican
– South Carolina (1670)• Group of proprietors• Settlers from France, English, Africans and Irish• Food crops• Anglican• Proprietary to royal
– Georgia (1733)• General James Oglethorpe• Spanish settlements taken by English• Debtors and convicts protect colonies from Spanish and
French invasions• Slow economic growth farmed, harvested lumber and traded
furs
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The Charter of Carolina 1663
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Discrimination
• African Americans– Free– Slaves
• Native Americans– Pushed off land by westward settlers
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Religious Tolerance
• Roger Williams Providence, RI• Pennsylvania
– English Quakers– German Lutherans – Scotch-Irish Presbyterians– Swiss Mennonites
• New York linguistic and cultural diversity– First synagogue
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Colonial Economy
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Economic Diversity:
-South= Agriculture -North = Commerce
-Towns and citiesdevelop along water
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Commerce and Immigrants (New England)
• Port cities– Boston– Immigrant population increases due to
religious freedom and economic opportunities (German, Scotch-Irish, Dutch)
– More towns in North than Southern colonies– Use town meetings to govern
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New England Colonies
• Shipbuilding
• Fishing
• Smaller farms self-sufficient
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Middle Colonies’ Economy
• Diverse in people and business
• Less slaves – Shops, homes and farms
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Middle Colonies’ Economy• Farming
– Wheat, barley, rye
• Commerce– Access to water– Shipping overseas– New York and Philadelphia
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Southern Economy
• John Rolfe and tobacco– Virginia, Maryland, NC
• Plantations develop– Need for labor– Indentured servants
• Agree to work for landowner• 4-7 years
– slavery
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Southern Plantation Systems
• Exported cash crops to make money• Creates:
(1) Large farms around rivers (2) Need for lots of labor (3) Wealthy class of plantation owners
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Slave Trade
• First slaves were captured Native Americans
• African slave trade flourished by 1700s• Slaves endured a harsh voyage: Middle
Passage• Widespread use in Southern colonies