the american civil war. what do we call it? the war for constitutional liberty the war for southern...
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The American Civil War
What Do We Call It?
The War for Constitutional LibertyThe War for Southern IndependenceThe Second American RevolutionThe War for States' Rights Mr. Lincoln's WarThe Southern RebellionThe War for Southern RightsThe War of the Southern PlantersThe War of the RebellionThe Second War for IndependenceThe War to Suppress Yankee ArroganceThe War of SecessionThe Great RebellionThe War Against Northern AggressionThe Late Unpleasantness
The War for NationalityThe War for Southern Nationality The War Against SlaveryThe War Between the StatesThe War of the SixtiesThe Yankee InvasionThe War for SeparationThe War for AbolitionThe War for the UnionThe Confederate WarThe Brothers' War The War for Southern FreedomThe War of the North and SouthThe Lost Cause
http://www.civilwarhome.com/civilwarnames.htm
A civil war is a military conflict what arises from a desire for usually radical change in society as a result of either cultural, social, religious, political or economic disputes due to diametrically opposed and uncompromising ideas about the leadership, administration and management of the population and territory it occupies, and which is resolved through use of weapons.
What is a civil war?
When brother fought brother…
A civil war is a military conflict what arises from a desire for usually radical change in society as a result of either cultural, social, religious, political or economic disputes due to diametrically opposed and uncompromising ideas about the leadership, administration and management of the population and territory it occupies, and which is resolved through use of weapons.
What is a Civil War?
The opponents are usually representatives of the same culture, society or nationality, and contest the right for the control of political power, and with it the right to formulate policy for future administration of the population and resources of the territory where the dispute takes place.
Causes of the Civil War
Culture differences
Lingering issues over constitution:
States rights
Legality of secession
Slavery
Economic differences
Sectionalism
Placing the interests of one’s own region ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole.
SECTIONALISM
Causes of the Civil War
Slavery
Different culturesAgricultural - Industrial
Lingering Issues Over ConstitutionCompromises no longer working
Missouri applied to become a state in the United States, WITH SLAVERY BEING LEGAL.
Why is that a problem?
Fought for months in Congress
Henry Clay tried to make both regions happy by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.
Congress agreed and passed the Missouri Compromise in 1820
Missouri Comp also banned slaverynorth of the 36°30’ line.
Maine enters union with MO.
Economic changes created divisions in the US – and particularly the North and South
North depended on manufacturing and trade.
South depended on agriculture and slavery.
Southern Population
Sequence of EventsNovember 6, 1860
December 20, 1860
January 9, 1861
January 10, 1861
January 11, 1861
January 19, 1861
January 26, 1861
February 23, 1861
March 4, 1861
April 13, 1861
April 17, 1861
May 6, 1861
May 20, 1861
June 8, 1861
Lincoln elected President
South Carolina secedes
Mississippi secedes
Florida secedes
Alabama secedes
Georgia secedes
Louisiana secedes
Texas secedes
Lincoln inaugurated
Fort Sumter falls
Virginia secedes
Arkansas secedes
North Carolina secedes
Tennessee secedes
Home of the American Civil War http://www.civilwarhome.com/timeline.htm
Choosing Sides
Objectives
ConfederacyUnion
Preserve the Union Protect lifestyle
Don’t lose… by force if necessary
How could the protagonists obtain their objectives?Strategy
Strategy
A plan to employ all available resources to achieve a goal or objective.
[working definition]
Definitions
Strategy
“the employment of the instruments (elements) of power (political/diplomatic, economic, military, and informational) to achieve the political objectives of the state in cooperation or in competition with other actors pursuing their own objectives. “
US Army War College
Quoted by H. Richard Yarger “Toward a Theory of Strategy”
Definitions
Definitions
Strategy
“the employment of the instruments (elements) of power (political/diplomatic, economic, military, and informational) to achieve the political objectives of the state in cooperation or in competition with other actors pursuing their own objectives. “
US Army War College
Quoted by H. Richard Yarger “Toward a Theory of Strategy”
Definitions
Strategy
“the employment of the instruments (elements) of power (political/diplomatic, economic, military, and informational) to achieve the political objectives of the state in cooperation or in competition with other actors pursuing their own objectives. “
US Army War College
Quoted by H. Richard Yarger “Toward a Theory of Strategy”
Elements of National Power
Diplomacy
Communication
Military
Economic
Resolve
Elements of National PowerDiplomacy
Union• Established relationships
• Experienced diplomatic corps
• Abolitionist stand favored by European nations
Confederacy• Sympathy of revolutionary countries (France)
• Support of trading partners (France and Britain)
Elements of National PowerCommunications
Union• Extensive rail system
• Telegraph
Confederacy
• Extensive river system
• Telegraph
Elements of National PowerMilitary
Union• Established organization ( + / - )
• Strong central control
• Larger manpower pool ( 22 million vs. 6 million [free] )
• Stronger navy
Confederacy• Best generals
• Interior lines
• Easier task
Elements of National PowerEconomics
Union• Established industrial base
• Manpower pool
• Financial strength
• Merchant shipping
Confederacy• Trading Relationships with Europe
Elements of National PowerResolve
Union• Strong abolitionist feelings, but …
Confederacy• Very strong beliefs in their cause
• Fighting on their own ground to protect way of life
not universal
• Strong resolve to preserve Union
Elements of National Power
Diplomacy
Communications
Military
Economics
Resolve
Union Confederacy
X
x
x
X
X
(Pre-war assessment)
Elements of National PowerA Contemporary Assessment
The North can make a steam-engine, locomotive or railway car; hardly a yard of cloth or a pair of shoes can you make. You are rushing into war with one of the most powerful, ingeniously mechanical and determined people on earth--right at your doors. You are bound to fail. Only in your spirit and determination are you prepared for war. In all else you are totally unprepared. . . . At first you will make headway, but as your limited resources begin to fail, and shut out from the markets of Europe by blockade as you will be, your cause will begin to wane.
William Tecumseh ShermanTo a Southern acquaintance prior to the war
Elements of National Power
Grand Strategies
ConfederacyUnion
• Defend territory
• Subdue the rebellion with minimum animosity
• Rebuild the Union to preclude future dissolution
• Gain international legitimacy
• Wear down the Union
• Isolate the South
Military StrategiesUnion
The Anaconda Plan
Proposed by General Winfield Scott
• Blockade the Confederate ports & coast
• Split the Confederacy along the Mississippi and Tennessee Rivers
• Capture the Confederate capital
Military StrategiesUnion
The Anaconda Plan
Wikipedia (public domain)
Union Strategy
Public Broadcasting System
Military StrategiesConfederacy
?
Military StrategiesConfederacy
Use advantage of interior linesto defend home territory
Interior Lines
Military StrategiesConfederacy
Use advantage of interior linesto defend home territory
Employ commerce raiders to disrupt Union shipping
Defeat the Union army in a decisive battle
And so, the war began …
The last war of the 18th century …
… or the first war of the 20th century?
Petersburg VA 1865