The Age of Imperialism Write down these 6 questions and answer as we take notes Title: Unit 4: Imperialism: Motives When? What? Who? (is doing the Imperializing) Where? (what countries are being imperialized?) Why? How? The Age of Imperialism The Age of Imperialism Imperialism = a policy of conquering and ruling other lands Imperialism The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic, and social life of the people of that nation. Why did Europeans believe they should/could take over countries around the world? What were their motives? Is Imperialism MORE beneficial or MORE harmful to the country being taken over? List pros and cons and then answer the question. Why did countries imperialize? 1. Political Reasons 2. Economic Reasons 3. Exploratory Reasons 4. Religious Reasons 5. Ideological Reasons Nations competed for overseas empires. Britains lead was challenged. In the mid-1800s, Britain was the most powerful nation in the world. Its factories produced more good than those of any other country. The British Navy guarded the oceans so that those goods could be shipped safely to ports around the globe. British banks loaned the money needed to build factories, mines, and railroads worldwide. By the late 1800s, however, Germany and the United States were challenging Britains economic leadership. Faced with possible decline, Britain looked increasingly to its colonies for markets and resources. Nations competed for overseas empires. Imperialism fostered rivalries. Other countries followed Britains lead and came to see colonies as necessary for their economic well-being. The French and Dutch expanded their holdings and by 1900 France had an empire second in size only to Britains. Spain and Portugal attempted to build new empires in Africa. Austria-Hungary moved into the Balkans. Russia expanded into the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Siberia. Countries that had no colonies set out to acquire them. Belgium, Italy, and Germany all took over lands in Africa (with Germany also taking an interest in East Asia & the Pacific islands). Nations competed for overseas empires. Imperialism fostered rivalries. (continued) Two non-European countries, the United States and Japan, also became involved in overseas expansion during this period. Both the U.S. and Japan were interested in East Asia. The U.S. was also deeply tied to Latin America. Increasingly, Europeans viewed an empire as a measure of national stature. Thus, the race for colonies grew out of a strong sense of national pride as well as from economic competition. Nations competed for overseas empires. Europe believed in its own superiority. Following the Industrial Revolution, Europeans regarded their new technology (weaponry, telegraphs, railroads etc.) as proof they were better than other peoples. This attitude is a reflection of racism, the belief that one race is superior to others. Europeans believed that they had the right and duty to bring the results of their progress to other countries. Why did countries imperialize? 1. Political Reasons 2. Economic Reasons 3. Exploratory Reasons 4. Religious Reasons 5. Ideological Reasons *Why did countries imperialize? 1. Political Reasons Balance of Power Prestige Military victories (heroic) 2. Economic Reasons Industrialization: Need raw materials new markets/ opportunities Cheap Labor Investment Opportunities 3. Exploratory Reasons Adventure Hunting Exploring Medical Research Scientific Research 4. Religious Reasons Christianize the savages Why did the Europeans think the Africans were savages? Protect the missionaries Bring civilization so that the Africans could understand Christianity 5. Ideological Reasons The belief that the Europeans were superior to other cultures (social Darwinism) When Europeans arrived and Africans did not want Industrialization, the Europeans assumed it was because the Africans were lesser than the Europeans Europeans viewed other people as children (Paternalism) Social Darwinism and White Mans Burden Social Darwinism A Pseudo (fake) science stolen from the ideas of Charles Darwin Charles Darwin argued that there was a survival of the fittest on Earth and some animals were better at adapting than others Social Darwinism (racist idea) agued that Europeans had advanced technologically so therefore Europeans were better White Mans Burden Believed that it was the White Mans Burden to bring civilization to the world Take up the White Man's burden Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden--In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror and check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, and work another's gain. Take up the White Man's burden--And reap his old reward: The blame of those ye better, The hate of those ye guard--The cry of hosts ye humour (Ah, slowly!) toward the light:--"Why brought he us from bondage, Our loved Egyptian night? Questions from the poem 1.How does he refer to a Colonist? 2.What does he think of the intellectual ability of a Colonist? 3.Why would the people the Imperialists bettered blame the Imperialists? 4.Why would those who are guarded by the kind Imperialists be hateful towards them? How? How did the Industrialized countries like England take over other countries around the world? Inventions Transportation Trains speed of 35 m.p.h Steamships Weapons Maxim Gun, first automatic machine gun fired hundreds of bullets per minute Communication Telegraph Lay wire on sea floor to connect countries Medicine Quinine, protects against malaria Malaria was called the White mans grave People who lived there got sick, which lead to immunity Quinine does not cure-it is a protection Made from sap from a tree in S. America Cinchona Make a chart like this in your notes (full sheet of paper) EconomicPoliticalReligiousExploratoryIdeological Africa China India Africa Fill out Africa Map Africa before Imperialists Diversity! over 1,000 languages Villages AND empires large Christian, Muslim and Traditionalist religions Advanced trade systems all across Africa Advanced farming, tool building and hunting techniques Guess: What kind of government systems did they have? The West Coast of Africa Known by Europeans as the gold coast Had over 25 kingdoms/city-states spread throughout the coast Trade between kingdoms was an important part of the economy Also had trade agreements with Sudanese in Eastern Africa Some tribal warfare existed The Kingdom of Ghana at one time was one of the wealthiest in the world! Europeans enter the scene 1400s (AD) They only could build forts on the coasts because of disease and strong African armies Wanted slaves and refueling stations to reach Asia El Mina Slave Castle Play movie clip European_Imperialism_in_Africa (DHS-Unit 4-Imperialism in Africa)/9539-when-civilizations-end- european-imperialism-in-africa- video.htm Explorers enter Africa first: Dr. David Livingstone Goal= bring Christianity, commerce and civilization Took 3 trips into the interior of Africa between Wrote travel-adventure books Made Africa into an adventure area Henry Stanley Newspaper writer sent in to find Livingstone Teamed up with King Leopold II of Belgium to extract resources from the Congo Originally said their goal was to bring Western Civilization to Africa Ended up enslaving the Congolese people In your notes respond to this question: Describe WHAT happened to these children and WHY you think it happened to them. Scramble for Africa Started by King Leopold II of Belgium Conquered the Congo Basin, to end slave trade Butbrutally forced Africans to collect wild rubber Leopold and the Congo Rubber became the #1 resource extracted from the Congo Why was this needed in Europe? Leopold did this ALONE without the backing of Belgium His corporation went bankrupt (yet he remained rich) To get out of debt he borrowed money from the Belgium government and in return they would inherit the land of the Congo when he died. $$$$ Wealth discovered minerals and cash crops Minerals (Gold, Diamonds, Tin, Copper, Uranium, etc.) Diamonds in South Africa in 1867 Gold in South Africa in 1886 Cash Crops (Peanuts, Palm oil, rubber, tobacco, cocoa, etc.) What is the problem with cash crops? Rivalry All of the Industrialized European countries dash to claim their land in Africa Berlin Conference Fearing a war Otto Von Bismarck sets up Berlin Conference of set up rules for nations to divide up Africa 1. colonies had to be "effectively occupied" 1. not enough simply to put up a flag and say the region was yours. 2. had to defend and administer the area Goal of Berlin Conference was to SLOW down the Scramble for Africa but it actually caused it to increase! By 1913, only Ethiopia and Liberia were free of Europe Play video clip Congo African Resistance Most Africans did not have advanced methods What were their tactics? Running away, refusing to work, sabotages, and violence Successful Resistance Menelik II of Ethiopia (oldest Christian Nation in the world) Played the Italians, British and French against each other Bought modern weapons from Russia and France Discovered that a treaty was misleading declared war on Italy in 1896 Ethiopia wins war and remains independent until WWII Positive Effects of Imperialism Reduced local warfare improved sanitation Hospitals and Schools Economic growth (telegraphs, railways, etc.) United in their hatred towards Europeans (positive??) Longer life expectancy Negative Effects lost lands, lost lives (to warfare and diseases) Cash crops caused famine destruction of cultures Destruction of traditional borders Independence is taken away from the native people Was it worth it?? Results of Imperialism in Africa Most of these nations remained under European control until the 1960s, some as late as the 1990s Once independent they faced many problems: Crazy borders that divide resources & populations Many ethnic groups in one nation Little infrastructure Corruption and dependency on imports 1. What is Imperialism? a. Killing everyone b. dominating another nation c. weaker nations uniting d. making goods with machines 2. Creating new markets, acquiring raw materials, and utilizing cheap labor with the overall goal of making more money is this imperial motive: ____________ 3. Increasing national security, gaining strategic advantage, and expanding territory with the overall goal of boosting power and pride is this imperial motive: ___________________. 4. Spreading Christianity and European values through the use of missionaries with the overall goal of saving the savages is this imperial motive: ___________________. 5. Discovering uncharted territory and searching for new medical knowledge with the overall goal of adventure is this imperial motive: _________________. 6. Working on the belief that Europeans are naturally superior and should play a parental (parent like) role to other cultures with the overall goal of spreading their culture in order to civilize is this imperial motive: _____________________. 7. Which Pseudo-Science argues that Europeans have evolved further than all other cultures in the world? 8. When Europeans view other people as children this is an example of ________________. a. White man Burdenb. Social Darwinism c. Assimilationd. Paternalism 9. When Europeans made Africans and Asians learn European languages and manners, this is called ___________________. a. White man Burdenb. Social Darwinism c. Assimilationd. Paternalism 10. What was it called when many Europeans felt that is was their duty to civilize the world? a. White man Burdenb. Social Darwinism c. Assimilationd. Paternalism