the age of early european explorations & conquests 1400-1800

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The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800. Earlier Explorations. 1100’s Crusades-Islam & Spice Trade India (Moluccas-cloves) New player E urope 1271- Marco Polo -IT.-China Expansion becomes a business  European Monarchs had authority & resources to explore. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800
Page 2: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Earlier Explorations1. 1100’s Crusades-Islam &

Spice Trade India (Moluccas-cloves)

2. New player Europe1271-Marco Polo-IT.-ChinaExpansion becomes a business European Monarchs had authority & resources to explore

Page 3: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Admiral Zheng He

1371-1435

Asia/India/Africa-Floating cities!

Page 4: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Zheng He’s Voyages

Page 5: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Map of the Known World, pre- 1492

Page 6: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

***Motives for European Exploration

1. Crusades by-pass intermediarie (middlemen) to get to Asia

2. Renaissance curiosity about other lands and peoples

3. Reformation refugees & missionaries/spread the word of God

4. Gold-New Resources & Revenue5. God-Christianize6. Glory-Fame & fortune for their

country

Page 7: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

New Weapons Technology

Page 8: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

New Maritime Technologies

Astrolabe (lat.)(1532)

Rough Maps [Portulan]

Sextant (angle-

Horizon)

Mariner’s Compass

Page 9: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Prince Henry, the Navigator

1419-School for Navigation,

Page 10: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Museum of Navigationin Lisbon

Page 11: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Portuguese Maritime Empire

1. Exploring north/west coast of Africa2. 1487-Bartolommeo Dias (Cape of Storms)3. 1498- Vasco Da Gama reached port of Calcutta, India!

4. Cabral-Brazil-Asia/India Spice Is-Indonesia

Page 12: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Christoforo Colombo [1451-1506]-Italian

Page 13: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Columbus’ Four Voyages-1492

Page 14: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Other Voyages of Exploration

Page 15: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Ferdinand Magellan & the First

Circumnavigation of the World:

Early 16c-potuguese

Page 16: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Atlantic Explorations

Looking for “El Dorado”

Page 17: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Fernando Cortez/conquist

ador

The First Spanish Conquests:The Aztecs

Montezuma II

vs.

Page 18: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

The Death of Montezuma II

Page 19: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Mexico Surrenders to Cortez

Page 20: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Francisco Pizarro

The First Spanish Conquests:

The Incas

Atahualpa

vs.

Page 21: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

Page 22: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800
Page 23: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

The “Columbian Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes

Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE

Syphilis

Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs

Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping

Cough

Trinkets Liquor GUNS

Page 24: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Cycle of Conquest & Colonization

1. Explorers Conquistadores

Miss

iona

ries

PermanentSettlers

5. OfficialEuropeanColony!

Page 25: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Treasuresfrom the Americas!

Page 26: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

Page 27: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

The Slave Trade1. Existed in Africa before the

coming of the Europeans2. Portuguese replaced European

slaves with Africans (slave from Slav)

Sugar cane & sugar plantationsFirst boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518275,000 enslaved Africans exportedto other countries

3. Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas

Page 28: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Slave Ship

“Middle Passage”

Page 29: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

“Coffin” Position Below Deck

Page 30: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

African CaptivesThrown Overboard

Sharks followed the slave ships!

Page 31: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

European Empires in the Americas

Page 32: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

The Colonial Class System

Peninsulares Creoles

Mestizos

Mulattos

Native Indians Black Slaves

Page 33: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Spanish Empire in the New World

1. Encomienda -natives used as forced labor

2. Council of the Indies

ViceroyNew Spain and Peru

3. Papal agreement

Page 34: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

The Influence of the Colonial Catholic

Church

Guadalajara Cathedral

Our Lady of Guadalupe

Spanish Mission

Page 35: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Pope’s Line of Demarcation

Betw. Spain & port.

Page 36: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Father Bartolome de Las Casas

New Laws 1542

Page 37: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

New Colonial Rivals1. Portugal lacked numbers &

wealth to dominate trade in Indian ocean

2. 1591-1st English expedition to the Indies drove out Portg. (India becomes British colony)

3. 1595-Dutch-Netherlands-Dutch East India Company –Kicked out Portg.-Monopolized trade -Spice Is. East Asia-(cloves)

Page 38: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

New Colonial Rivals

Page 39: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

***Negative Impact of European Exploration

------1. Native populations ravaged

by disease……….ex….2. Native pop. Enslaved-

Native Americas ………….3. Slave Trade –Caused a

Diaspora of African people/Middle passage/Sugar mills etc……….

Page 40: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Impact-----

Wars & power struggles betw. Europeans (for control of land in the new areas/control of & trade) ex; French Indian War between…….natives used in the wars etc….

Page 41: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Impact of Exploration----

• Natives-Indigenous people lost culture/religion /traditions forced to adapt European ways………..ex-Maya/Incas/Aztec and the conquers….

Page 42: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

Positive Impact• Influx of gold, and silver, into Europe created wealth+++++

• New products +/_introduced across continents -“Columbian Exchange”+/-both positive and negative

Page 43: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

+Impact of Age of Exploration

• Brought technology/created Industries-money system

• Created railroads/roads/• canals/….schools/hospitals……• Emergence of the modern

world…U.S -Reduced local warfare betw.

Tribes-tribes stopped fighting…

Page 44: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

EXTENDED RESPONSES

• Essay• The Age of European Exploration

and conquest had both negative and positive consequences Explain the positive and negative effects of the age of ex/colonization

Page 45: The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests 1400-1800

5. New Patterns of World Trade