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The EarlyCold War:1947-1970
1948 Israel After W.W. II Israel is
created as a homeland
for the Jewish People..
How and why did the Cold War begin?
Cold War: War of words…without actual fighting- between the U.S. & the U.S.S.R.Differences led to Conflict…
The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. emerged from W.W. II as SUPER POWERS!
The United States was democratic and capitalist.
The Soviet Union wasTotalitarian
and Communist.
DEMOCRACY
COMMUNISM
The Causes of The Cold War Were- Different Political Ideologies- The Soviet domination of East Europe- U.S. policy of containment- NATO vs. Warsaw Pact military rivalry
Map of Former U.S.S.R.
More Differences The U.S. economy experienced a period
of growth and prosperity after World
War II. The Great Depression was over.
Meanwhile the Soviet economy
struggled as they tried to rebuild their
war-torn country.
Former Allies Become Enemies!Winston Churchill declared that an "iron curtain" had descended
on Europe, dividing it into two halves!
We Must Contain Communism!
Gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid
prevent Communist takeovers in Europe
Much of Europe was in ruins following World War II…
The United States felt it was in its best interest to rebuild Europe and prevent political and economic instability.
The Post-War Struggle for Power Continues!
Germany was partitioned into East and West Germany.
West Germany became democratic and resumed self-government after a few years of American, British, and French occupation. East Germany remained under the domination of the Soviet Union and did not adopt democratic institutions.
Berlin Blockade & Airlift:
In 1948, the Soviet Union blocked all road and rail access to West Berlin.
The Berlin Airlift marked a rise in tensions between the West and the Soviets; however, it avoided armed conflict.
The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)
Checkpoint Charlie
In this Oct. 7, 1961 file photo, a West Berlin guard stands in front of the concrete wall dividing East and West Berlin at Bernauer Strasse. (AP Photo, File)
East Germany behind the Berlin Wall
In 1961 the East German government closed the border between East and West Berlin and builtThe Berlin Wall.
Berlin's historic Brandenburg Gate in late November was put behind part of the wall erected by the East German regime to separate East Berlin, left, and West Berlin shown Dec. 2, 1961. (AP Photo)
The wa l l became a symbol o f the COLD WAR tha t ex is ted be tween communism and democracy.
• Communist leader Mao Zedong defeated the forces of General Chiang Kai-shek.
• The Cold War intensified Americans' fears of communism.
• Containment fails in China
Cold War in China
Kim Il-Sung
Syngman Rhee
The Korean War:
A “Police Action” (1950-1953)
The Soviets test the Atomic Bomb. Bad news for the
U.S.!
KOREA• The truce line
was set at the 38th parallel.
• The line, although invisible, was every bit as divisively symbolic as the Berlin Wall.
Early Cold War
1. _____ & _____ were Super Powers after W.W. II2. _____ was the peace keeping ageny created after W.W. II.
3. What leader blocked entrance into Berlin in 1948?
4. Military Alliance formed by the U.S and its’ allies…5. What document said we must contain Communism?
6. America’s plan to rebuild Europe was called the ___
7. West Germany was backed by ________.
8. In 1961 the Communist built ___ to separate Berlin.
9. Mao ZeDong was the communist leader of _____.
10. What 2 areas were divided at the 38th parallel?
Domino Theory
if one country
falls to
Communism
others in Asia
may soon follow.
HUACThe House Un-American Activities Committee • A committee of the U.S. House of Representatives,
investigated allegations of communist activity in the U.S. during the early years of the Cold War.
Alger Hiss - former State Department
member accused of spying for the USSR.
The Rosenberg's - were executed as spies in 1953
Spy Cases Stun the Nations
Hiss The Rosenberg's
Joseph McCarthy Led the Communist “Witch Hunt” during the Cold War
McCarthyism
Wisconsin Senator
who claimed
Communists were
taking over the
Government.
"I intend doing this job until we win the war on Communism or until I die." --Sen. Joe McCarthy, 1954
Cold War Presidents
Truman Eisenhower Kennedy Johnson
33rd 34th 35th 36th
Massive Retaliation• Eisenhower Doctrine• Under Eisenhower the U.S. adopted a
policy of Massive Retaliation to deter any nuclear strike by the Soviets.
Massive Retaliation was an all-or-nothing strategy.
After Joseph Stalin's death, Nikita Khrushchev became leader of the Soviet Union
Communism in Cuba• Fidel Castro takes control of Cuba in 1959.
• U.S. tries to overthrow Castro
• The failed “Bay of Pigs” invasion was an embarrassment for President Kennedy.
Khruschev embraces Castro, 1961
Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 • The Soviet Union stationed missiles in Cuba.• Kennedy ordered the Soviets to remove their missiles…
and the world stood on the brink of nuclear war. • After several tense days…The Soviets backed down!• In 1963, JFK becomes the 1st U.S. president to have a direct
phone line to the Kremlin in Moscow. The "HOTLINE" was designed to facilitate communication between the President and Soviet leader.
Kennedy is AssassinatedOn November 22, 1963 (Dallas, TX)
• Lee Harvey Oswald was charged with the crime.
• South Vietnam • Ngo Dinh Diem • Backed by the U.S.
• North Vietnam• Ho Chi Minh• Communist
• Under President Johnson the United States increased military advisers and aid to the South Vietnamese.
• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution- allowed the president to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the United States."
Many South Vietnamese distrusted Diem and joined the Vietcong, a communist guerilla group supported by North Vietnam.
An execution of a Vietcong prisoner Feb. 1, 1968
Americans supported the war effort during W.W. II..
However The Vietnam War
Bitterly Divided America.
Bitter Protests Divided the U.S. during the Vietnam War!
Fighting a ground war was very difficult. Dense jungles, muddy trails, and swampy rice paddies hampered troop movements.
Most U.S. soldiers were 18 and 19 years old.
• The strain of Vietnam means Johnson does not seek reelection.
"Peace With
Honor"
Nixon becomes the 37th President
• Nixon's strategy VIETNAMIZATION Over the next few years American troops were pulled out of Vietnam.• When the U.S. left Communists seized control of Vietnam. • Containment Fails!!!
37th
Impact of VietnamVietnam veterans returned home, often to face indifference or
outright hostility from those who opposed the war.
It was not until several years after the end of the Vietnam War
that the wounds of the war began to heal in America, and
Vietnam veterans were
recognized and honored
for their service and
sacrifices.
It tested democracy to
its limits. It left a scar
on U.S. society.
Nixon – 1st U.S. President To Visit China
U . S . A . President Richard M. Nixon meets with
Chairman Mao Zedong in Beijing, February 21, 1972.
The End of the Cold War
• Soviet Leader: Mikhail Gorbachev• Gorbachev tries to
bring “GLASNOST”-Openness
and • “PERESTROIKA”-
economic restructuring to the U.S.S.R.
Ronald Reagan and the Cold War
• Urged, “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!”
• Challenged moral legitimacy of the Soviet Union
• Increased United States military and economic pressure on the Soviet Union
Berlin Wall Comes Down
• Its fall signifies the end of the Cold War• November 1989
US Post Cold War Goals:
• Foreign aid• Humanitarian aid• Support for human rights
President George H. W. Bush, 1989–1993•Fall of communism in Eastern Europe
•Reunification of Germany•Collapse of Yugoslavia•Breakup of the Soviet state•Persian Gulf War of 1990–1991•First war in which American women served in a combat role•Operation Desert Storm
President William J. Clinton, 1993–2001
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
• Full diplomatic relations with Vietnam• Lifting of economic sanctions against
South Africa when her government ended the policy of apartheid
• NATO action in former Yugoslavia
President George W. Bush, 2001–2009
•Terrorists attacks on United States soil on 9/11/2001•War in Afghanistan• War in Iraq
People of the 1980’s and early 1990’s.
The Cold War Turns Hot!
1. What British leader first spoke of the “Iron Curtain?”2. The U.S. policy to limit communism was called ____________.3. The term used to describe Communist “witch hunts” in which
people were unfairly accused of being Communists.4. _______ won the Civil War in China over Chiang Kai-shek.5. Dwight Eisenhower’s plan for dealing with the USSR was called : 6. The Cuban Missile Crisis actually involved what 2 countries?7. The Soviets shooting down an U.S. SPY Plane was called the:8. _____ assumed control of the Soviet Union after Stalin’s death.9. In Vietnam _____ failed and the country fell to the Communists.10.____ & ____ served as U.S. Presidents during the Vietnam War. 11. Leader of the Soviet Union who introduced liberal reforms.
THE END
