the adolescent cry are we listening? prof. j.n.sharma department of pediatrics gauhati medical...
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The adolescent cryAre we listening?
Prof. J.N.SharmaDepartment of PediatricsGauhati Medical College
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Adolescence
A crucial period of life Is a confusion• Adolescents• Parents• Care taker• Neither a child nor an adult• Transition difficult to detect• A complicated but useful lot of human
resources
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Two most crucial period of lifeof Growth and development
Under five period (Early childhood)• Somatic, • Brain and • lymphoid
Adolescence• Somatic• Psychological• Reproductive and secondary sexual characteristics
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Adolescence
What is adolescence?• Not clearly defined
Beginning and End ? • Not clear
Problems are peculiar• Health problems• Psychosocial problems
Who will look after the adolescents?• Not yet decided
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Adolescence
Period of life marking the end of childhood and setting the foundation for maturity,
A critical period of development with manifestations at the biological, psychological and social levels of integration.
Most complex part of development in human life.
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Adolescence
• 20 % of population + 40% children = 60%• Achieve same degree of significance as early
childhood• Development marked by significant interaction• Manifestations at biological, psychological and
social levels
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Adolescence
Onset and termination• Biological
• Psychological
• Social
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Onset and termination
Biologically• The onset is signaled by the final phase of
acceleration of growth and beginning of secondary sexual character.
• Termination is marked by epiphyseal fusion and completion of sexual differentiation.
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Onset and termination
Psychologically• It is marked by acceleration of cognitive growth and
personality formation• Succeeded by the stage of parenthood and
acquisition of an adult role.
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Onset and termination
Socially• It is a period of intensified preparation for the
assumption of an adult role• Termination is signaled when the person is accorded
full adult prerogatives.
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Onset and termination
To note• Physical development has a definite pattern and
sequence• Psychological growth cannot be set in one
pattern
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The adolescent age group
Who are adolescents?• Boys between the age of 10 – 22 years• Girls between the age of 9 – 20 years
What is the age of onset and end?• Boys: 10 – 12 yrs to 20 – 22 yrs.• Girls: 9 – 11 yrs to 18 – 20 yrs.
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Problems of adolescence
• Health problems• Psychological problems• Social problems
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Problems of adolescence
Health problems• Usually not reported: Nature of disease• If diagnosed therapy is not regular• Under treated by physicians• Do not come to pediatricians
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Common health problems
• Malnutrition: PEM, Obesity • Anemia• Tuberculosis• Heart disease: hypertension, RHD• Acne• Accidents and injuries• STDs• Menstrual disorders
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Psychological development
• Ability for abstract conceptualization• Search for a sense of personal identity
• No longer a child , not an adult• Engages in determining who s/he is and what s/he is
to become• Examines parents critically, lean more to peer groups.
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Psychological development
• Search for identity is influenced by peer groups.• Constructive social group: meaningful society
membership• Delinquent gang: antisocial personality• Sound parent relationship: firm and lasting
relationship• Excessive dependence / hostility: failure of
emancipation/ rejection of family
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• Cross cultural evidence have shown that the conflict and distress experienced by adolescents reflect the cultural influences and expectations and are not caused by hormonal changes or physical growth pattern
• Parents should guide at this juncture
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Psychosocial problems
• More common than health problems• Peak age: late adolescence• Sex variation: equal but problems different• Urban / rural: same• Urban boys, rural girls: more problems
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Psychosocial problems
Assessment is difficult• Variety • Difficult to differentiate between normal and
abnormal• Minor problems go undetected• Major problems: Diagnosis is presumptive
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Psychological problems
• Identity crisis• Depression• Suicide• Substance abuse• Sleep disorders• Anorexia nervosa
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Social problems
Contributing factors• Poor socioeconomic status• No opportunity for education• Mass media exposure to violence, corruption and
fundamentalism
Leads to
Loss of social perspectives
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Social problems
• Child labour• Prostitution• Nonaccidental injuries• Illegitimate pregnancies• Vandalism• Violence• Sex crimes
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Care of adolescents
Not yet properly decided
Pediatricians?• WHO: Childhood upto 25 years• Upto 18 years in India: No infrastructure• No ward, No OPD• Rest 3 – 4 years left to general physicians
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Conclusions
Adolescence• A phase of intense change• Problems multifarious• No infrastructure. No serious thought.
• One cannot sit idle and ignore• Because
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Conclusions
• It is very important to protect this important human resource
• This is the time they are shown the right direction, given proper guidance to put them on the right path without hurting their ego.
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Conclusions
• The parents at home, the teachers at school and the society at large should take the responsibility to transform children into adults.
• They must be nurtured in an environment of dignity, love and affection, feeling of being wanted and educated inorder to grow into active, skilled and confident individuals who can take definitive and correct decision.
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Conclusions
God could not make himself available to take care of
each child He created. So he gave • Parents to take care and nurture, • Teacher for guidance and education and • Pediatrician for prevention and intervention
programmes
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The adolescent’s cry
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Are we listening?
Probably No
Atleast not adequately
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Thank you