the abstarct

7/24/2019 The Abstarct

1/17

HOW TO WRITE AN

ABSTRACT


2/17

WHAT IS AN ABSTRACT?

A short, self-contained, powerfl

s!!ar" of an article, paper or thesis#

$en%th& 'etween ()* and +)* words#$a"ot& sall" one sin%le para%raph#

ont sie is different fro! the !ain te.t#

/osition& sall" at the 'e%innin% of thepaper 0't it can appear elsewhere, e#%#

in 'oo1 of a'stracts or on-line2#


3/17

WHAT IS AN ABSTRACT?

An a'stract is an ori%inal doc!ent, not

a collection of 3otations ta1en fro! the

te.t it s!!aries#

It does not contain 4a%e state!ents

which force the reader to refer to the

!ain te.t#


4/17

WHO WRITES IT?

5sall" the athor of the paper, 'ecase

the" ha4e a first-hand 1nowled%e their

piece of research#

So!eti!es professional writers, who

a'stract 'oo1s and articles for a wide

adience#


5/17

OR WHAT /5R/OSES?

To persade the reader to see the fll te.t#To help readers decide if the article is rele4ant

for their prposes#

To offer the reader a perspecti4e, a scope ofthe wor1#

To offer a s!!ar"#


6/17

WHO REA6S IT?

Sa!e-field professionals 0e#%# lin%ists,

ps"cholo%ists, 'iolo%ists2 loo1in% for

frther infor!ation#

Stdents doin% research in a %i4en area#


7/17

6IERENT T7/ES O

ABSTRACT

A'stracts are %enre-sensiti4e 0i#e# co!ponents

4ar" accordin% to discipline2#

An a'stract of a social science or scientific

wor1 !a" contain the scope, prpose, reslts,and contents of the wor1#

An a'stract of a h!anities wor1 !a" contain

the thesis, 'ac1%rond, and conclsion of the

lar%er wor1#


8/17

6IERENT T7/ES O

ABSTRACT 0contined2

The for!at of "or a'stract will depend

on the wor1 'ein% a'stracted#

An a'stract of a scientific research paperwill contain ele!ents not fond in an

a'stract of a literatre article, and 4ice

4ersa#

Howe4er, all a'stracts share se4eral

!andator" co!ponents#


9/17

WHAT TO INC$56E

Reason for writing:

What is the i!portance of the research?

Wh" wold a reader 'e interested in the

lar%er wor1?

Problem:

What pro'le! does this wor1 atte!pt to

sol4e? What is the scope of the pro8ect?What is the !ain ar%!ent9thesis9clai!?


10/17

WHAT TO INC$56E 0contined2

Methodology:

An a'stract of a scientific wor1 !a"

inclde specific !odels or approaches

sed in the lar%er std"# Other a'stracts

!a" descri'e the t"pes of e4idence sed

in the research 0e#%# 3alitati4e

inter4iews, 'oo1 re4iews, etc#2


11/17


Results:A%ain, an a'stract of a scientific wor1 !a"inclde specific data that indicates the reslts

of the pro8ect# Other a'stracts !a" discss thefindin%s in a !ore %eneral wa"# Implications:

What chan%es shold 'e i!ple!ented as a

reslt of the findin%s of the wor1? How doesthis wor1 add to the 'od" of 1nowled%e on thetopic?


12/17


To pt it si!ple&What the athor did#

How the athor did it#

What the athor fond#

What the athor conclded#


13/17

WHAT NOT TO INC$56E

Infor!ation not contained in the ori%inal wor1#

References to other wor1#

:otations fro! the ori%inal wor1 or fro! other

wor1s#

$en%th" e.planations of words and concepts;

5ne.plained acron"!s or a''re4iations;

Ta'les and !aps#


14/17

A'stractThe Internet has drasticall" chan%ed how

people interact, co!!nicate, condct

'siness, see1 8o's, find partners, and shop#

# +*(* E!plo"er@s 5se of Social Networ1in%

Sites& A Sociall" Irresponsi'le /ractice,@ Journal of Business Ethics, )&)*)+)

What paper is a'ot

%enerall"#

Indication of pre4ios

research

=ap in polic"

ocs of research

5seflness of infor!ation in

article


15/17

In this paper we anal"se two Astralian

tele4ision pro%ra!s, Marking ime0+**D2 and

Molly ! Mobarak0+**2, fore%rondin% the wa"sin which ethnic Haara ref%ees fro!

Af%hanistan ha4e 'een 0re2presented# We ar%e

that '" !ini!isin% cltral and reli%ios

differences 'oth Marking imeand Molly !

Mobarakconstrct and represent Haara Af%hanref%ees as li1e a Fcertain sG, that is, as

!e!'ers of Astralian core cltre who are

predo!inatel" white, fa!il" oriented and

inclsi4ist# Howe4er, their differences are not

concealed entirel" and in 'oth pro%ra!s the

Haara also appear as the FotherG, that is, nli1e

s# We point ot so!e pro'le!s associated with

pri4ile%in% si!ilarit" and the possi'le

conse3ences of these representations within

polic" !a1in% and Astralian societ" !ore

%enerall"#

What was done

What was ofinterest

What was fond

I!plications

A'stract 08ornal article not a dissertation2

Rodan,6e''ie Cher"l $an%e +** J=oin% o4er'oard? representin% Haara ref%ees as

8st li1e sJ Journal of Intercultural "tudies4ol# +, no# ( pp# ()D-(K#


16/17

TO LNOW


17/17

THANL 7O5 OR 7O5R

ATTENTION

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