the 7-i framework of development: the path to a sustainable economy

The 7-I Framework

of Development:

The Path to

a Sustainable

Economy

by Mohit Sauparn and Vivek Pundir MBA Class of 2006 Emory University

for Prof. Jeff Rosensweig’s BUS503: Global Macroeconomic Perspectives

Term Paper: The 7-I’s of Development Mohit Sauparn, Vivek Pundir

Page 1 of 46

Term Paper: The 7-I’s of Development

Submitted to: Prof. Jeff Rosensweig Global Macroeconomic Perspectives

INTRO D UCTIO N

Development is an issue that has bewildered economists for a long time. In fact, even

defining the term is so hairy that they haven’t been able to agree even on that.

Some early economic thought equated development with industrialization and

mechanization. Over time this has given way to talk about sustainable development.

The government of British Columbia, Canada thinks it means “the advancement of the

management and use of natural resources to satisfy human needs and improve the

quality of human life. For development to be sustainable it must take account of social

and ecological factors, as well as economic ones, of the living and non-living resource

base, and of the long-term and short-term advantages and disadvantages of alternative

actions.”

"In an international context", says InterEnvironment, "(development) refers to

improving the economic and social conditions of poorer countries."

The United Nations Strategy for Disaster Reduction accepts the definition provided by

the 1987 Brundtland Commission: "Development that meets the needs of the present

without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It

contains within it two key concepts: the concept of "needs", in particular the essential

needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of

limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the

environment's ability to meet present and the future needs."


Page 2 of 46

We like the definition used by “Botany from Vermont” website in the context of the

development of biological organisms, “Growth and maturation of an organism or some

part of it.” If one replaces “organism” by “nation”, this definition probably conveys, to

a large extent, the concept of development. Admittedly, though, this definition is rather

vague, and does not do much to further the operational understanding of the term.

Having said that, we think that it does give a flavor of the meaning in a “The Fortune at

the Bottom of the Pyramid” sense. Thus, while a society or nation is clearly

underdeveloped if it is severely impaired by economic constraints, economic wealth, of

and by itself, is not a guarantee of development. Wealth is a necessary, but not

sufficient condition, when it comes to development. If the wealth is distributed

extremely unevenly so that while the nation is rich overall, the average citizen lies

under the poverty level, or if the wealth does not translate into health, well-being,

political and civil liberties etc., it is effectively meaningless.

In this context, Prof. Jeff Rosensweig of Emory University has proposed a 7 I’s

framework of development. According to this framework, there are seven essential

components/ pre-requisites of development:

1. Investment – Investment is the first prerequisite for development, and the only way

to grow the economy. While a consumption binge can inflate growth figures for a

short while, no development or growth can be sustained without judicious

investment into productive assets/ capital.

2. Intellectual capital (investment in broad-based education) – While economists have

gone to great length discussing capital investments, not many (with the exception of

developmental economists like Nobel-laureate Amartya Sen) have done significant

work that indicates intellectual capital is often as important as, if not more important

than, physical capital in the development of a nation.

3. Incentives – While there may be many pieces of the puzzle in place, a nation will

not develop unless its incentive structure encourages people to work hard, to save,

to invest etc.


Page 3 of 46

4. Incorrupt society – Corruption can be a huge bugbear for development, and

according to Prof. Rosensweig, an incorrupt society is an absolute must-have for

development.

5. Infrastructure – Good infrastructure is absolutely essential for the holistic economic

development of a nation.

6. Information – Information wants to be free. And how freely information can flow in

the country, in view of legal, regulatory, technical and cultural framework, is an

indicator of development as well.

7. Internationalization – How integrated the country’s economy is with the rest of the

world is another factor that affects its stage of development. The higher the

internationalization, the quicker will the nation develop.

While this framework has sound theoretical basis, and provides a solid prescriptive

formula for nations aspiring to achieve economic growth for the millions mired in

poverty, we are not aware of any empirical study validating it. This paper attempts a

“first cut” empirical study of the framework.

METHO DO LO G Y

Our methodology is relatively simple. We sought to test a causal relationship between

development and the 7I’s using multivariate regression.

The challenge was to operationalize the 7 I’s so as to be able to devise some sort of

measures for them. While some of these I’s initially appear to be rather touchy-feely,

we believe that it is possible to use hard variables as proxies for these.

While development was a contentious issue, both of us agreed that the best way to think

about sustainable development is to think of purchasing power parity adjusted per capita

gross domestic product as it gives a very good sense of the average standard of living in

the country.


Page 4 of 46

Investment was relatively simple, as there are already several measures of investment.

Our task was simply to choose the one that provided the best explanation of variance

and “goodness of fit”.

For broad-based intellectual development, we thought of several candidates, including

public spending in education as a percentage of GDP, research and development

spending as a percentage of GDP, enrolment in primary schools, etc.

Incentives were the toughest ones to find a proxy for. The only direct way to somehow

measure incentives is to conduct a comprehensive study of all countries, with the

benefit of local knowledge, and then to assign subjective ratings to the incentive

structure using some sort of a composite scale. We simplified that. Incentives are only

as good as their effect. So, we decided to measure incentives in terms of their efficacy –

if a nation saves more, we assume that it incentivizes saving. Similarly, if a nation

works more hours per week then it incentivizes hard-work.

To measure corruption, we turned to the Transparency International’s world corruption

perception index, and used that as a reliable measure of incorrupt society.

Infrastructure was another relatively simple one – roads, rails, airports etc. were all

indicators of the country’s infrastructure. To adjust for sizes, we used density, rather

than absolute numbers.

Information dissemination was a sticky one. We turned to the Freedom House’s report

to figure out how the countries rate on civil liberties (speech, media etc). We also used

the penetration of communication methods like cellphones and landlines as candidates.

For measuring internationalization we simply picked up various measures of

international trade as they relate to the GDP, with the intention of using the one with

most explanatory power in the model.

While we were armed with hard data on these factors, we were aware that our results

would be ballpark results, not the exact numbers since the data were not available for

the same recent period for all parameters, and some data were unavailable for some

nations.


Page 5 of 46

AN AL YSIS

After trying several different models, we decided on this model, which we are quite

happy with as it explains over 85% of the variance in PPP-adjusted GDP per capita.

Goodness of fit statistics:

Observations 208.000

Sum of weights 208.000

DF 198.000

R² 0.859

Adjusted R² 0.852

MSE 12801210.958

RMSE 3577.878

MAPE 64.820

DW 2.005

Cp 10.000

AIC 3413.682

SBC 3447.057

PC 0.156

The equation for this regression line is as follows:

GDPPCPPP = -8204.53112615424 +61.9373042307306*BAL

+2387.32901048343*CORRUPTION +880.87796966936*R&D%

+30.8696289658526*ENROLGIRLS -56.8623451913472*INFO

+7.83828124045985*CELL -4.17308720949926*SAVING%

+89.0292019987179*FDI% +0.60806418126927*AIRDENS

One variable that we really wanted in the model was the number of work hours per

week, but couldn’t do so as the ILO data that we were able to retrieve had too few data-

points.


Page 6 of 46

GDPPCPPP / Standardized coefficients

(95% conf. interval)

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The most amazing thing is that as it turns out, a corruption free society (as indicated by

corruption above) is paramount for economic growth followed closely by free flow of

information (as indicated by cell and negative of info above). The next good thing a

government can do is make the economic climate conducive to foreign direct

investment.

Model parameters:

Source Value Standard error t Pr > |t| Lower bound (95%) Upper bound (95%)

Intercept -8204.531 2166.061 -3.788 0.000 -12476.041 -3933.022

BAL 61.937 33.176 1.867 0.063 -3.486 127.360

CORRUPTION 2387.329 219.421 10.880 < 0.0001 1954.627 2820.031

R&D% 880.878 520.037 1.694 0.092 -144.644 1906.400

ENROLGIRLS 30.870 16.008 1.928 0.055 -0.699 62.439

INFO -56.862 185.242 -0.307 0.759 -422.163 308.438

CELL 7.838 0.943 8.310 < 0.0001 5.978 9.698

SAVING% -4.173 32.954 -0.127 0.899 -69.159 60.813

FDI% 89.029 13.152 6.769 < 0.0001 63.093 114.966

AIRDENS 0.608 1.505 0.404 0.687 -2.359 3.575

The model is overall quite good. However, as we observe from the T and p values

above, civic liberties, savings as a % of GDP and air flights per sq. km of land aren’t

statistically significant in the model. We believe that a major reason is the lack of good

data on these factors. A dataset that has more data on these should validate the positive

coefficients (we asked our statistical software to estimate missing values – which

explains the low significance).


Page 7 of 46

Standardized coefficients:

Source Value Standard error t Pr > |t| Lower bound (95%) Upper bound (95%)

BAL 0.086 0.046 1.867 0.063 -0.005 0.177

CORRUPTION 0.486 0.045 10.880 < 0.0001 0.398 0.574

R&D% 0.052 0.031 1.694 0.092 -0.009 0.113

ENROLGIRLS 0.054 0.028 1.928 0.055 -0.001 0.110

INFO -0.011 0.035 -0.307 0.759 -0.079 0.058

CELL 0.352 0.042 8.310 < 0.0001 0.268 0.435

SAVING% -0.006 0.046 -0.127 0.899 -0.096 0.084

FDI% 0.236 0.035 6.769 < 0.0001 0.167 0.305

AIRDENS 0.014 0.034 0.404 0.687 -0.053 0.081

Even in terms of standardized coefficients (real coefficients, stripped of units),

corruption-freeness, information flow, and FDI turn out to be the most influential

factors, and these should be the priorities of any developing nation.

GDPPCPPP / Standardized residuals

-3

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-1

0

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3

4

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000

GDPPCPPP

Sta

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resid

uals


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Pred(GDPPCPPP) / Standardized residuals

-3

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Pred(GDPPCPPP)

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Pred(GDPPCPPP) / GDPPCPPP

-10000

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20000

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60000

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-10000 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000

Pred(GDPPCPPP)

GD

PP

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PP


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Standardized residuals / GDPPCPPP

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

Obs1

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Obs46

Obs61

Obs76

Obs91

Obs106

Obs121

Obs136

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Standardized residuals

The residual charts above further strengthen our belief in a good fit, and validate the

model further.

Having said that, we believe that if more data is available, it would be worthwhile to

conduct a factor analysis, and then run an explanatory multivariate regression. The

cleaner data, with more data points, combined with this analysis could lead to the 7I’s

explaining up to 92% of the variance in the standards of living in different countries.

Having gone over the statistical relationship of development and the 7 I’s, we decided

to have a quick look at how GDP growth relates to the PPP-adjusted GDP per-capita.

In the chart below, the bars represent the PPP-adjusted GDP per-capita, and are scaled

to the left y-axis. The line with rhombus data-points represents the GDP growth %, and

is measured on the right y-axis. The data are arranged in descending order of PPP-

adjusted GDP per-capita. The smooth, thick line is a trend-line for GDP growth. While

there are wild variations in GDP growth, the trend-line is unequivocal about the

relationship. There is a clear, non-linear relation between GDP growth and PPP-

adjusted GDP per-capita, and growth peaks around the middle values of PPP-adjusted

GDP per-capita. While the developed nations are slow to grow (matured?), the

“emerging economies” are really driving growth.


Page 10 of 46

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CO NC LU SIO N S

On the basis of our preliminary analysis, it certainly seems that development as defined/

operationalized by us does, in fact, depend on the 7 I’s propounded by Prof.

Rosensweig. The model developed by us has good explanatory power.

In addition, looking at the strength of association, we can lay out the simple prescription

for developing nations: work on the 7 I’s, but start with eradicating corruption, for that

would yield the biggest returns. Also create a more open society where information can

flow freely in terms of technology as well as civic-liberties. The third most important

aspect is to create an economic environment that encourages foreign direct investment.

The incentives do not seem to have as much explanatory power. Part of this is because

of the issues with data availability. However, we also believe that incentives will be

much more powerful in explaining growth rather than development as status quo.


Page 11 of 46

L IM I T AT IO N S O F THIS STU DY

While we believe our study is a good first estimation of the global environment, it is by

no means perfect, exhaustive or definitive. We have presented this study as a first-cut

analysis, and expect improvements in several areas.

For one, we believe that the credibility of the study can be greatly enhanced by

analyzing not just the status quo, but also the trends over time. We believe that trends

add much more richness to the analysis.

We were also constrained by the periodicity of available reports. Not all reports are

released at the same time or even with the same periodicity – some are annual, others

biennial, while others may even be updated quarterly. Ambivalent for a while between

using the latest possible data, and using data for the same time period across the

different attributes, we ended up going with the former strategy, as we wanted to be

current and relevant. However, we do recognize that this is far from perfect, and

matching the release dates of all reports is clearly a good alternative strategy.

Another constraint was the survey sample. Not all our references reported on all

countries. Therefore, we had to opt for the lowest common denominator in terms of the

sample of nations included in the analysis. Ideally, of course, we would like to see the

analysis include all countries of the world.

Lastly, we have used several proxies for the 7 I’s propounded in the framework

developed by Prof. Rosensweig. While we attempted to be judicious about the choice of

these proxies, and even tested out several before settling for the set used, we do concede

the possibility of another set of proxies being more appropriate to the model.

B IBL IO G R AP H Y

• Rosensweig, Jeff. “The 7 I’s of Development Framework” (as discussed in BUS503

class). Emory University

• Anonymous. “Freedom in the World 2005 Report”. Freedom House, 2005

• Anonymous. “Global Corruption Barometer 2005 Report”. Transparency

International, 2005


Page 12 of 46

• Anonymous. “Human Development Report 2004”. United Nations Development

Programme, 2004

• Anonymous. “International Financial Statistics”. International Monetary Fund

Statistics Website, http://www.imfstatistics.org, April 2006

• Anonymous. “World Development Indicators Online”. The World Bank,

http://devdata.worldbank.org/data-query/, 2003

• Anonymous. “Labour Statistics Database”. International Labour Organization, 2003

• Anonymous. “Terminology of disaster risk reduction”. United Nations Internationa Strategy for Disaster Reduction Website, http://www.unisdr.org/eng/library/lib-

terminology-eng%20home.htm, April 2006

• Anonymous. “Glossary”. InterEnvironment Website,

http://www.interenvironment.org/wd1intro/glossary.htm, April 2006

• Anonymous. “Forestry Glossary of Terms”. Government of British Columbia,

Canada, 2006

• Anonymous. “Dictionary”. Botany from Vermont Website,

http://www.botanyvt.com/pages/dictionary.shtml, April 2006


Page 13 of 46

APP EN D IX

We collected several candidate proxies for each of the I’s and ultimately based our analysis and

conclusions on the principle of “goodness of fit”. Here we are including, for the record, all the data

collected.

Vital Statistics COUNTRY_NAME GDP growth

(annual %) GDP per capita, PPP (current in

GDP, PPP (current international

GNI per capita, PPP (current in

Surface area (sq km)

Land area (sq km)

Population density (people per

Population, total

PPP conversion factor to offici

CNTRY GDPGRTH GDPPCPPP GDPPPP GNIPCPPP AREA LAND DENSITY POP PPP

Afghanistan 15.7 652090 652090 44.11349

Albania 5.996418 4574.737 14497640000 4710 28750 27400 115.6593 3169064 0.3934311

Algeria 6.8 6174.575 1.96553E+11 5930 2381740 2381740 13.36528 31832610 0.3460577

American Samoa 200 200 285 57000

Andorra 468 468 141.0256 66000

Angola 3.449817 2140.519 28944330000 1850 1246700 1246700 10.84632 13522110 0.4776423

Antigua and Barbuda 4.9 10494.09 824625500 9930 440 440 178.5909 78580 0.9207321

Argentina 8.837044 11559.71 4.37763E+11 11310 2780400 2736690 13.83779 37869730 0.296041

Armenia 13.90584 3670.99 11217190000 3790 29800 28200 108.3557 3055630 0.2500482

Aruba 190 190 521.0526 99000

Australia 3.8 28939.46 5.75346E+11 28110 7741220 7682300 2.587897 19881000 0.9079288

Austria 0.7489597 30938.32 2.50291E+11 30570 83860 82730 97.78799 8090000 1.011288

Azerbaijan 11.2 3617.448 29782450000 3390 86600 82600 99.67313 8233000 0.2396762

Bahamas, The 13880 10010 31.70963 317413.4

Bahrain 6.78 19108.85 13599040000 18070 710 710 1002.341 711661.8 0.7064016

Bangladesh 5.255901 1770.178 2.44402E+11 1870 144000 130170 1060.662 138066400 0.2114976

Barbados 1.322917 15720.15 4253621000 15060 430 430 629.2651 270584 0.6210404

Belarus 6.999999 6064.852 59926580000 6060 207600 207480 47.62369 9880963 0.2974546

Belgium 1.109868 29331.19 3.0434E+11 29940 30510 30230 343.2352 10376000 0.9919304

Belize 9.4 6470.949 1771099000 6320 22960 22800 12.00439 273700 0.5778192

Benin 3.89996 1104.704 7423884000 1100 112620 110620 60.75076 6720250 0.4791456

Bermuda 50 50 1280 64000

Bhutan 6.7 47000 47000 18.58857 873662.6

Bolivia 2.783846 2594.489 22868230000 2500 1098580 1084380 8.128293 8814158 0.3537433

Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.7 6646.352 25468820000 6960 51210 51200 74.84375 3832000 0.2737967

Botswana 5.413103 8714.1 15009760000 8370 581730 566730 3.03931 1722468 0.5016921

Brazil 0.54 7838.44 1.38424E+12 7560 8514880 8459420 20.87569 176596300 0.3653503

Brunei 5770 5270 67.63699 356446.9

Bulgaria 4.45 7500.868 58679290000 7260 110990 110630 70.71319 7823000 0.3397795

Burkina Faso 6.5 1173.807 14213900000 1170 274000 273600 44.25888 12109230 0.2942094

Burundi -1.2 646.7047 4660142000 620 27830 25680 280.6068 7205982 0.1277858

Cambodia 5.34595 2144.506 28744190000 2050 181040 176520 75.93272 13403640 0.1440444

Cameroon 4.5 2076.755 33409740000 1990 475440 465400 34.56698 16087470 0.3738692

Canada 2 30064.84 9.50951E+11 29440 9970610 9220970 3.430225 31630000 0.9007326

Cape Verde 5 5456.396 2562763000 5380 4030 4030 116.546 469680.5 0.3111152

Cayman Islands 260 260 165.3846 43000

Central African Republic -5.435137 1105.222 4289195000 1100 622980 622980 6.229488 3880847 0.2804739

Chad 11.3 1215.063 10427350000 1090 1284000 1259200 6.815233 8581741 0.2496543

Channel Islands 200 200 745 149000


Page 14 of 46

Chile 3.299662 10274.32 1.62067E+11 9810 756630 748800 21.0657 15774000 0.4468022

China 9.3 5003.37 6.44634E+12 4980 9598050 9327420 138.1304 1288400000 0.2197514

Colombia 4.015658 6818.958 3.04016E+11 6530 1138910 1038700 42.92289 44584000 0.2630047

Comoros 2.09528 1820.867 1092779000 1810 2230 2230 269.1219 600141.8 0.2918825

Congo, Dem. Rep. 5.6 664.8524 35339140000 640 2344860 2267050 23.44605 53153360 0.1604748

Congo, Rep. 0.7999998 964.6696 3624517000 730 342000 341500 11.00223 3757263 0.9833993

Costa Rica 6.530561 9550.188 38245450000 9090 51100 51060 78.43087 4004680 0.4571908

Cote d'Ivoire -2.1 1499.753 25248970000 1420 322460 318000 52.94156 16835420 0.5530673

Croatia 4.273853 11670.74 51872400000 11180 56540 55920 79.48235 4444653 0.5552227

Cuba 110860 109820 103.1324 11326000

Cyprus 1.9 21895.95 16858870000 21250 9250 9240 83.32835 769954 0.7800874

Czech Republic 3.716696 18153.53 1.85202E+11 17290 78870 77280 132.0135 10202000 0.4882413

Denmark 0.4326775 30646.37 1.65098E+11 30240 43090 42430 126.9668 5387200 1.283411

Djibouti 3.531 2057.611 1451603000 2190 23200 23180 30.43486 705480 0.4305366

Dominica 0 5425.246 386347100 5060 750 750 94.95044 71212.83 0.6682726

Dominican Republic -0.4 7107.836 62112820000 6570 48730 48380 180.625 8738639 0.2663033

Ecuador 2.660036 3641.01 47362040000 3440 283560 276840 46.98722 13007940 0.5743198

Egypt, Arab Rep. 3.200215 3949.929 2.66853E+11 3940 1001450 995450 67.86784 67559040 0.2657997

El Salvador 1.812233 5028.241 32850580000 4890 21040 20720 315.3096 6533215 0.4547957

Equatorial Guinea 14.69752 6750 28050 28050 17.61141 494000

Eritrea 3.002681 1041.107 4569940000 1030 117600 101000 43.4604 4389500 0.1642449

Estonia 5.144473 12912.62 17470770000 12100 45230 42390 31.91791 1353000 0.5197908

Ethiopia -3.690855 715.527 49094790000 710 1104300 1000000 68.61347 68613470 0.1351902

Faeroe Islands 1400 1400 34.28571 48000

Fiji 3 5764.53 4813383000 5530 18270 18270 45.70334 835000 0.4659133

Finland 1.876273 28105.5 1.46486E+11 27940 338150 304590 17.11153 5212000 1.105019

France 0.4674933 28231.2 1.68715E+12 28190 551500 550100 108.6384 59762000 1.041722

French Polynesia 4000 3660 66.38795 242979.9

Gabon 2.8 6396.99 8600326000 5500 267670 257670 5.217655 1344433 0.7043096

Gambia, The 6.7 1854.524 2635084000 1760 11300 10000 142.0895 1420895 0.1390625

Georgia 11.08652 2666.207 12179230000 2620 69700 69490 65.73608 4568000 0.3281193

Germany -0.1005159 27124.01 2.23884E+12 26980 357030 348950 236.541 82541000 1.073353

Ghana 5.2 2205.567 45587440000 2160 238540 227540 90.83792 20669260 0.1672435

Greece 4.282783 20818 2.29685E+11 20760 131960 128900 85.59348 11033000 0.7497073

Greenland 410450 410450 0.138872 57000

Grenada 5.7 8018.152 838698800 7130 340 340 307.6471 104600 0.5215222

Guam 550 550 293.9098 161650.4

Guatemala 2.115436 4109.3 50573530000 4050 108890 108430 113.5026 12307090 0.4890386

Guinea 1.2 2096.656 16582250000 2080 245860 245720 32.18665 7908905 0.2190524

Guinea-Bissau 0.6 700.6367 1043394000 670 36120 28120 52.95905 1489209 0.228719

Guyana -0.6499 4267.105 3280926000 3980 214970 196850 3.905959 768888 0.2260649

Haiti 0.3899678 1749.677 14766930000 1740 27750 27560 306.2336 8439799 0.1889753

Honduras 3.482653 2708.844 18876610000 2600 112090 111890 62.28003 6968512 0.3679216

Hong Kong, China 3.147053 27880.79 1.90035E+11 28670 1092 1042 6541.267 6816000 0.8162839

Hungary 3.049427 15405.36 1.56026E+11 14630 93030 92100 109.9674 10128000 0.5305592

Iceland 4.024502 30906.39 8931946000 30240 103000 100250 2.882793 289000 1.177007

India 8.606651 2892.958 3.07926E+12 2880 3287260 2973190 357.9988 1064399000 0.1924139

Indonesia 4.875726 3400.84 7.30072E+11 3270 1904570 1811570 118.5017 214674200 0.326713

Iran, Islamic Rep. 6.60507 6994.732 4.64394E+11 7000 1648200 1636200 40.57696 66392020 0.2953174

Iraq 438320 437370 56.47288

Ireland 3.7 38058.73 1.52007E+11 31170 70270 68890 57.97648 3994000 1.011226

Isle of Man 572 572 134.6154 77000

Israel 1.292734 23132.22 1.54708E+11 22450 22140 21710 308.0608 6688000 0.7124766


Page 15 of 46

Italy 0.2571851 27227.61 1.56957E+12 26930 301340 294110 196.0024 57646270 0.9354518

Jamaica 2.1 3788.543 10011710000 3510 10990 10830 244.01 2642628 0.7552066

Japan 2.658877 28220.27 3.60015E+12 28700 377890 364500 349.9945 127573000 1.194635

Jordan 3.979093 4282.484 22730980000 4340 89210 88930 59.68621 5307895 0.4375705

Kazakhstan 9.3 6662.697 99128270000 6290 2724900 2699700 5.51102 14878100 0.3110484

Kenya 1.8 1040.711 33215170000 1030 580370 569140 56.07733 31915850 0.4328105

Kiribati 2.5 730 730 132.0233 96377.02

Korea, Dem. Rep. 120540 120410 187.794 22612280

Korea, Rep. 3.097123 19168.26 9.18385E+11 19190 99260 98730 485.2803 47911730 0.6621906

Kuwait 9.900001 18072.62 43309530000 19510 17820 17820 134.479 2396417 0.9639151

Kyrgyz Republic 7.030296 1755.158 8867057000 1700 199900 191800 26.33994 5052000 0.2167042

Lao PDR 5.344516 1818.216 10290800000 1750 236800 230800 24.52267 5659834 0.2029085

Latvia 7.455705 10634.87 24683530000 10610 64600 62050 37.40532 2321000 0.4482116

Lebanon 4.912116 5034.25 22642390000 5020 10400 10230 439.6548 4497669 0.8786408

Lesotho 3.281445 2504.849 4490552000 3080 30350 30350 59.069 1792744 0.2397357

Liberia -31 111370 96320 35.02432 3373542

Libya 9.136853 1759540 1759540 3.159513 5559289

Liechtenstein 160 160 212.5 34000

Lithuania 9.694645 11845.5 40914370000 11530 65300 62680 55.1053 3454000 0.4485951

Luxembourg 2.128222 64710.16 28990150000 57650 2586 2586 173.2405 448000 0.913936

Macao, China 21 21 21142.86 444000

Macedonia, FYR 3.228809 6275.489 12858480000 6230 25710 25430 80.57413 2049000 0.3629097

Madagascar 9.790657 809.1084 13669000000 800 587040 581540 29.05029 16893900 0.4004795

Malawi 4.367608 608.834 6674046000 590 118480 94080 116.518 10962010 0.2548961

Malaysia 5.312108 9512.396 2.35663E+11 8970 329750 328550 75.40482 24774250 0.4401924

Maldives 8.398895 300 300 976.9333 293080

Mali 7.441395 1002.493 11680550000 970 1240190 1220190 9.548924 11651500 0.3720723

Malta -1.745 18016.78 7188696000 18170 320 320 1246.875 399000 0.6623756

Marshall Islands 2 181.3 181.3 314.396 57000

Mauritania 8.3 1958.418 5577318000 1920 1025520 1025220 2.777813 2847869 0.2120045

Mauritius 3.10035 11275.81 13781170000 11270 2040 2030 602.0632 1222188 0.3893113

Mayotte 374 374 443.8503 166000

Mexico 1.407212 9312.976 9.52633E+11 9140 1958200 1908690 53.59225 102291000 0.6708509

Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 5.1 702 702 177.4355 124559.8

Moldova 6.288659 1511.773 6406288000 1760 33840 32880 128.8808 4237600 0.3091512

Monaco 1.95 1.95 16923.08 33000

Mongolia 5.648252 1834.674 4549200000 1820 1566500 1566500 1.582872 2479568 0.2801401

Morocco 5.241969 4009.918 1.20749E+11 3940 446550 446300 67.47176 30112640 0.3621273

Mozambique 7.1 1120.018 21046740000 1070 801590 784090 23.9659 18791420 0.2052851

Myanmar 676580 657550 75.07034 49362500

Namibia 3.735251 6132.048 12353290000 6600 824290 823290 2.446945 2014546 0.3457373

Nepal 3.086405 1419.9 35014680000 1420 147180 143000 172.4473 24659960 0.1706389

Netherlands -0.9 31072.75 5.04056E+11 30220 41530 33880 478.8017 16221800 1.014733

Netherlands Antilles 800 800 275.245 220196

New Caledonia 18580 18280 12.2814 224504

New Zealand 3.6 22257 89232780000 21040 270530 267990 14.96026 4009200 0.8921496

Nicaragua 2.3 3271.161 17925960000 3190 130000 121400 45.14003 5480000 0.2306721

Niger 5.324123 836.6006 9840306000 830 1267000 1266700 9.285744 11762250 0.2775743

Nigeria 10.69472 1044.79 1.42573E+11 900 923770 910770 149.8303 136461000 0.4041548

Northern Mariana Islands 477 477 161.4256 77000

Norway 0.4182483 36632.75 1.67119E+11 36870 323760 306250 14.89633 4562000 1.321536

Oman 2.47 13795.12 35851200000 13250 309500 309500 8.396872 2598832 0.6052325

Pakistan 4.95056 2093.062 3.10692E+11 2040 796100 770880 192.5576 148438800 0.268786


Page 16 of 46

Palau 1.5 460 460 42.82609 19700

Panama 1.965538 6868.458 20495630000 6430 75520 74430 40.09165 2984022 0.6275485

Papua New Guinea 2.7 2599.638 14302870000 2240 462840 452860 12.14916 5501871 0.2394462

Paraguay 2.550545 4745.764 26780810000 4750 406750 397300 14.20362 5643097 0.2255494

Peru 3.76169 5259.731 1.42791E+11 5080 1285220 1280000 21.20938 27148000 0.4242991

Philippines 4.697915 4277.837 3.48655E+11 4590 300000 298170 273.3428 81502620 0.2275306

Poland 3.748006 11924.32 4.55461E+11 11750 312690 306290 124.7054 38196000 0.4600642

Portugal -1.2 19096.63 1.99445E+11 18660 91980 91500 114.1421 10444000 0.7415239

Puerto Rico 8950 8870 439.5088 3898443

Qatar 11000 11000 56.70028 623703.1

Romania 4.9 7595.84 1.65164E+11 7450 238390 229870 94.5926 21744000 0.3448152

Russian Federation 7.348879 9033.229 1.29559E+12 8760 17075400 16888500 8.492465 143425000 0.3319837

Rwanda 0.9556487 1257.376 10555680000 1230 26340 24670 340.2918 8395000 0.1595146

Samoa -1.008663 5416.149 964074600 5410 2840 2830 62.89753 178000 0.3295292

San Marino 60.5 60.5 462.8099 28000

Sao Tome and Principe 4.5 960 960 163.9583 157400

Saudi Arabia 7.659075 13520.06 3.04584E+11 13440 2149690 2149690 10.47979 22528300 0.6979397

Senegal 6.452147 1647.945 16874710000 1620 196720 192530 53.18573 10239850 0.3842768

Serbia and Montenegro 2.65087 102170 102000 79.76471 8136000

Seychelles -6.300004 16772.07 1402799000 15780 450 450 185.8644 83639 0.5010594

Sierra Leone 9.2 758.406 4047285000 740 71740 71620 74.51226 5336568 0.2445913

Singapore 2.460398 24894.29 1.05801E+11 24510 680 670 6343.284 4250000 0.8730481

Slovak Republic 4.467262 13399.52 72223400000 13350 48845 48800 110.4508 5390000 0.452282

Slovenia 2.524441 19555.41 39013040000 19420 20250 20120 99.15507 1995000 0.7112712

Solomon Islands 5.1 1747.277 797885000 1710 28900 27990 16.31457 456644.9 0.2958817

Somalia 637660 627340 15.34402 9625918

South Africa 2.807761 10594.44 4.8553E+11 10300 1219090 1214470 37.73555 45828700 0.3407293

Spain 2.425683 24187.89 9.94157E+11 23930 505990 499440 82.29504 41101430 0.8435491

Sri Lanka 5.903705 3750.842 72135290000 3740 65610 64630 297.5671 19231760 0.2529471

St. Kitts and Nevis 0.55 12034.86 562148200 10610 360 360 129.75 46710 0.6565423

St. Lucia 3 5766.178 925978900 5360 620 610 263.259 160588 0.7491531

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 3.6 6226.535 679713400 5840 390 390 279.9077 109164 0.5536102

Sudan 6.000003 1922.034 64476030000 1770 2505810 2376000 14.11857 33545730 0.2759286

Suriname 5.296089 163270 156000 2.808359 438104

Swaziland 2.4 4855.663 5368056000 4830 17360 17200 64.2747 1105525 0.3546346

Sweden 1.577855 28289.44 2.5336E+11 28240 449960 411620 21.75793 8956000 1.190422

Switzerland -0.4 32450.73 2.38513E+11 34220 41290 39550 185.8407 7350000 1.342191

Syrian Arab Republic 2.499974 3720.849 64685080000 3430 185180 183780 94.59404 17384490 1.48144

Tajikistan 10.2 1090.793 6937443000 1030 143100 140600 45.23471 6360000 0.2240224

Tanzania 7.099329 621.357 22299860000 620 945090 883590 40.61721 35888960 0.4617439

Thailand 6.871998 7594.897 4.70992E+11 7450 513120 510890 121.3847 62014220 0.3035156

Timor-Leste -6.166376 14870 14870 58.97781 877000

Togo 2.7 1699.008 8259717000 1640 56790 54390 89.38211 4861493 0.2129548

Tonga 2.9 7048.375 715579800 6980 750 720 141.0057 101524.1 0.2355012

Trinidad and Tobago 13.18177 10765.79 14131870000 10390 5130 5130 255.8799 1312664 0.7437854

Tunisia 5.568687 7161.333 70862840000 6850 163610 155360 63.69208 9895201 0.3533325

Turkey 5.794419 7067.904 4.99786E+11 7010 774820 769630 91.87791 70712000 479606.6

Turkmenistan 16.91899 5943.079 28904170000 5860 488100 469930 10.34941 4863500

Uganda 4.725238 1478.472 37375770000 1450 241040 197100 128.2598 25280000 0.1615779

Ukraine 9.4 5490.483 2.65496E+11 5430 603700 579350 83.46544 48355700 0.1888278

United Arab Emirates 83600 83600 48.2177 4031000

United Kingdom 2.218502 29345.28 1.74103E+12 29930 242910 240880 246.3011 59329000 1.030977

United States 3.1 37424.69 1.08835E+13 37610 9629090 9158960 31.75142 290810000 1.005979


Page 17 of 46

Uruguay 2.174946 8336.157 28177690000 7960 176220 175020 19.31309 3380177 0.3971548

Uzbekistan 4.2 1737.307 44457690000 1720 447400 414240 61.77578 25590000

Vanuatu 2.401511 2836.525 596134600 2720 12190 12190 17.24067 210163.7 0.4630347

Venezuela, RB -7.716884 5042.73 1.29467E+11 4900 912050 882050 29.10719 25674000 0.6451247

Vietnam 7.244804 2490.358 2.02502E+11 2490 331690 325490 249.821 81314240 0.1928179

Virgin Islands (U.S.) 340 340 328.1886 111584.1

West Bank and Gaza -1.668582 6220 6220 541.2704 3366702

Yemen, Rep. 3.143976 868.5441 16652730000 800 527970 527970 36.31487 19173160 0.6606656

Zambia 5.1 876.7109 9120388000 850 752610 743390 13.99395 10402960 0.4753381

Zimbabwe 390760 386850 33.86779 13101750

Investment

COUNTRY_NAME

Foreign direct investment, net

Fixed Capital Formation (% of GDP)

CNTRY FDI% INV

Afghanistan

Albania 3.120729 25.02218

Algeria 0.9318039 23.41052

American Samoa

Andorra

Angola 10.23288 12.784

Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina 0.7873892 15.13751

Armenia 4.309464 24.15373

Aruba

Australia 1.34621

Austria 2.874609 22.64809

Azerbaijan 46.02443 50.80663

Bahamas, The 2.787833

Bahrain 5.378575 19.35216

Bangladesh 0.1973893 23.40531

Barbados 2.217503

Belarus 0.9749404 23.20469

Belgium 19.47884

Belize 3.908636

Benin 1.446253 18.62726

Bermuda

Bhutan 0.03357938

Bolivia 2.062431 12.865

Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.475349 19.89065

Botswana 1.146057 23.7275

Brazil 2.005654 16.36584

Brunei

Bulgaria 7.118794 19.48987

Burkina Faso 0.2674405 18.71138

Burundi 0.00083963 11.5723

Cambodia 2.103832 22.76409

Cameroon 1.721833 16.9828

Canada 0.7324062


Page 18 of 46

Cape Verde 1.854225 20.2

Cayman Islands

Central African Republic 0.3040712 6.006967

Chad 32.07612 55

Channel Islands

Chile 4.118164 22.8

China 3.777021 44.24824

Colombia 2.18394 13.95493

Comoros 0.3135158 9.962631

Congo, Dem. Rep. 2.786085 13.65315

Congo, Rep. 5.630761 22.86156

Costa Rica 3.298448 19.66092

Cote d'Ivoire 1.288156 9.799042

Croatia 6.935687 27.53863

Cuba

Cyprus 7.782296

Czech Republic 2.780732 26.57841

Denmark 0.5591754 19.73645

Djibouti 1.824092

Dominica 0 14.4

Dominican Republic 1.873544 22.78314

Ecuador 5.715744 22.76468

Egypt, Arab Rep. 0.288012 16.40964

El Salvador 0.5958381 16.23208

Equatorial Guinea 49.08501

Eritrea 2.931031 22.4363

Estonia 9.808082 28.41064

Ethiopia 0.902021 20.45455

Faeroe Islands

Fiji 0.8918264

Finland 2.122887 18.02094

France 2.450345

French Polynesia

Gabon 0.8757869 23.89661

Gambia, The 16.36204 19.2

Georgia 8.45527 23.36862

Germany 1.063924 17.82547

Ghana 1.792975 22.9

Greece 0.4163041 26.06114

Greenland

Grenada 0 40

Guam

Guatemala 0.4684216 16.70663

Guinea 2.175117 9.859957

Guinea-Bissau 0.8653049 12.4

Guyana 3.520233

Haiti 0.2671956 31.0451

Honduras 2.883511 23.96

Hong Kong, China 8.782998 21.63824

Hungary 3.027325 22.30299

Iceland 3.284082 21.64388


Page 19 of 46

India 0.7107449 22.72831

Indonesia -0.2502563 18.87814

Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.08749944 29.38575

Iraq

Ireland 17.30372

Isle of Man

Israel 3.519833 17.62706

Italy 1.126312 19.12251

Jamaica 9.591076 32.16563

Japan 0.1450482 23.88858

Jordan 3.78201 21.24971

Kazakhstan 6.773189 23.0321

Kenya 0.5685807 12.51025

Kiribati

Korea, Dem. Rep.

Korea, Rep. 0.5298258 29.50891

Kuwait -0.1607526 8.648823

Kyrgyz Republic 2.373356 14.97014

Lao PDR 0.9331713 22

Latvia 2.708584 24.16432

Lebanon 1.79949 20.31896

Lesotho 3.892206 43.68968

Liberia 0.00226142 8.696581

Libya

Liechtenstein

Lithuania 0.9759865 20.59378

Luxembourg 350.6105 20.5081

Macao, China

Macedonia, FYR 2.026373 17

Madagascar 0.2325329 17.89299

Malawi 1.351996 10.29011

Malaysia 2.384069 22.09259

Maldives 1.955033

Mali 2.969229 23.85697

Malta 6.409791 20.22491

Marshall Islands

Mauritania 18.10699

Mauritius 1.194916 22.35197

Mayotte

Mexico 1.687345 18.92512

Micronesia, Fed. Sts.

Moldova 2.950775 16.90299

Monaco

Mongolia 10.31809 34.11515

Morocco 5.212546 23.49893

Mozambique 7.792922 26.88598

Myanmar

Namibia 22.00935

Nepal 0.25258 19.11548

Netherlands 3.068373

Netherlands Antilles


Page 20 of 46

New Caledonia

New Zealand 3.062362

Nicaragua 4.867983 31.28315

Niger 1.146474 13.99685

Nigeria 2.082548 23.08778

Northern Mariana Islands

Norway 0.9305577 16.71055

Oman 0.6341508

Pakistan 0.6484522 14.80163

Palau

Panama 6.153786 24.05492

Papua New Guinea 2.960824

Paraguay 1.505848 19.00138

Peru 2.273548 17.91105

Philippines 0.4021192 16.63387

Poland 1.967541 18.40167

Portugal 4.469148

Puerto Rico

Qatar

Romania 3.237869 22.526

Russian Federation 1.850206 18.31438

Rwanda 0.280322 18.42483

Samoa -0.0431232

San Marino

Sao Tome and Principe 16.77602 30.1

Saudi Arabia -0.2758975 17.94952

Senegal 1.207268 19.73708

Serbia and Montenegro 6.581074 15.80424

Seychelles 8.251673 8.998743

Sierra Leone 0.3166885 14.28059

Singapore 12.37512 24.2425

Slovak Republic 1.747164 25.67433

Slovenia 1.214609 23.896

Solomon Islands -0.8598745

Somalia

South Africa 0.4954134 16.0044

Spain 3.042131 25.55131

Sri Lanka 1.253507 21.95262

St. Kitts and Nevis 14.27383 47.9

St. Lucia 4.619864 28.78285 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 10.00595 33.7

Sudan 7.583303 18.16244

Suriname 33.88536

Swaziland 2.287203 17.98764

Sweden 1.083508 15.71287

Switzerland 5.481517

Syrian Arab Republic 0.6986415 23.66347

Tajikistan 2.038167 10.80422

Tanzania 2.408513 18.46219

Thailand 1.363573 24.03342

Timor-Leste


Page 21 of 46

Togo 1.124934 20.9

Tonga 1.596236

Trinidad and Tobago 5.855726 19.38989

Tunisia 2.160602 23.31017

Turkey 0.6498157 15.45972

Turkmenistan 1.713081 27.10513

Uganda 3.08417 20.29412

Ukraine 2.840447 19.65745

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom 1.15307 16.15208

United States 0.3643315

Uruguay 2.453806 9.675152

Uzbekistan 0.6911455 21.70973

Vanuatu 6.883286

Venezuela, RB 3.020287 15.60427

Vietnam 3.702422 32.97632

Virgin Islands (U.S.)

West Bank and Gaza 2.503783

Yemen, Rep. -0.8099232 16.13556

Zambia 2.306676 24.81308

Zimbabwe

Intellectual Capital

COUNTRY_NAME

Literacy rate, adult total (% o

Public spending on education, t

Research and development expend

Researchers in R&D (per million

School enrollment, primary (% g

School enrollment, primary girl

CNTRY LITERACY EDUSPEND% R&D% RESPC PRIMENROL ENROLGIRLS

Afghanistan 92.28303 62.82797

Albania 103.5242 102.4118

Algeria 108.7436 104.4628

American Samoa

Andorra 101.0244 100.5661

Angola

Antigua and Barbuda 3.835189

Argentina 4.017341 0.3888603 714.99 119.3926 119.2645

Armenia 3.172302 0.2525484 1605.93 98.50989 97.3737

Aruba 5.09672 115.0948 111.5574

Australia 4.85072 103.6273 103.5775

Austria 5.73465 2.192845 103.2481 103.0533

Azerbaijan 3.154478 0.3015509 1247.55 92.25049 90.77773

Bahamas, The 92.18763 92.81157

Bahrain 97.11572 97.00163

Bangladesh 2.380554 95.86009 97.69486

Barbados 7.611423 108.7422 108.0471

Belarus 0.6208954 1869.72 101.8805 101.1101

Belgium 6.291689 2.235909 3179.68 105.2971 104.755

Belize 5.243665 0.275968 122.0059 120.9241

Benin 3.256055 109.2836 91.59306


Page 22 of 46

Bermuda

Bhutan

Bolivia 6.313758 118.06 115.3255 114.7093

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Botswana 103.3027 103.4037

Brazil 88.44476 146.9576 142.9985

Brunei 282 106.1166 106.1425

Bulgaria 0.4896446 1157.94 100.3103 99.14882

Burkina Faso 46.18073 39.16547

Burundi 3.948836 77.30342 68.95431

Cambodia 1.832821 123.7964 117.412

Cameroon 3.805723 107.5876 98.98124

Canada 1.908026

Cape Verde 7.937703 0.04432133 131 120.5696 117.5416

Cayman Islands

Central African Republic 65.53095 53.3423

Chad 78.34077 61.35387

Channel Islands

Chile 4.224854 100.0233 98.78359

China 1.224277 633.02 115.2322 115.0098

Colombia 94.16634 5.204009 0.09968221 80.92 110.2913 109.7822

Comoros 3.872802 89.61681 80.67265

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Congo, Rep. 3.21122 80.38582 77.46935

Costa Rica 5.077182 107.6205 106.7138

Cote d'Ivoire 77.59372 68.79436

Croatia 4.49467 1.118405 1919.82 96.53196 96.15504

Cuba 537.78 97.82175 95.83285

Cyprus 6.296657 0.3051819 568.63 97.61051 97.78993

Czech Republic 4.411785 1.223861 1466.6 101.9786 101.1099

Denmark 8.512175 2.521404 4821.73 103.8931 103.901

Djibouti 40.26581 34.75471

Dominica 88.21793 85.0244

Dominican Republic 2.27382 124.3308 125.4763

Ecuador 116.916 116.7572

Egypt, Arab Rep. 97.39571 94.72403

El Salvador 2.869495 112.5113 109.4167


Eritrea 4.074016 63.41854 56.78751

Estonia 5.692699 0.7457067 2252.58 100.73 98.84402

Ethiopia 65.96291 55.44501

Faeroe Islands

Fiji

Finland 6.390421 3.455097 7430.73 102.0008 101.6463

France 5.631409 2.261382 3133.9 104.3152 103.7593

French Polynesia

Gabon 132.1732 131.7538

Gambia, The 2.790299 85.21352 84.39799

Georgia 2.235158 0.2880844 2317.37 90.49635 89.59897


Page 23 of 46

Germany 2.528608 3222.16 99.41439 99.24591

Ghana 78.65919 76.64196

Greece 91.04025 3.960405 100.7944 100.6814

Greenland

Grenada 5.1232 119.608 118.5943

Guam

Guatemala 106.1284 102.4185

Guinea 81.4806 70.58733

Guinea-Bissau

Guyana 8.408047 124.805 123.4172

Haiti

Honduras

Hong Kong, China 4.374767 0.604476 1567.56 106.9101 106.335

Hungary 5.508517 1.024288 1473.08 100.2612 99.61568

Iceland 7.580472 3.095447 99.74327 99.31583

India 107.5194 104.2365

Indonesia 1.226639 111.6852 110.5946

Iran, Islamic Rep. 4.93478 91.90887 90.41329

Iraq 110.1383 99.77269

Ireland 4.316403 105.6064 105.6714

Isle of Man

Israel 96.94363 7.516199 5.080139 112.1758 112.0615

Italy 4.748306 101.124 100.7249

Jamaica 4.900321 99.75162 99.4696

Japan 3.122154 5084.92 100.406 100.4918

Jordan 89.89233 99.06624 99.45004

Kazakhstan 3.029703 101.5404 101.1239

Kenya 6.984613 92.40018 89.66625

Kiribati 110.9008 119.6915

Korea, Dem. Rep. 4.223143

Korea, Rep. 2.531931 2978.95 103.8578 103.6551

Kuwait 0.1951548 72.59 93.56574 93.73028

Kyrgyz Republic 3.088094 0.1980981 412.67 100.9126 99.58389

Lao PDR 2.773185 116.3896 108.1427

Latvia 5.816109 0.4240313 1476.05 93.98409 92.73032

Lebanon 2.676965 103.384 101.6977

Lesotho 42.21 126.3716 127.2852

Liberia

Libya 114.1474 114.0568

Liechtenstein

Lithuania 5.888648 0.6674683 1823.58 98.11407 97.54826

Luxembourg 99.17358 98.88604

Macao, China 2.755333 104.0356 99.93891

Macedonia, FYR 3.497791 0.2592614 499.51 96.5138 96.61594

Madagascar 119.5862 117.138

Malawi 5.977999 140.055 137.3482

Malaysia 8.115111 0.6914917 294.47 93.10755 93.0849

Maldives 118.0331 116.971

Mali 58.3852 50.48029


Page 24 of 46

Malta 4.575311 104.4398 103.6906

Marshall Islands 11.21154

Mauritania 88.14612 86.92361

Mauritius 4.678821 103.8031 104.1698

Mayotte

Mexico 5.30443 110.3913 110.0266


Moldova 4.9189 171.33 85.97562 85.65816

Monaco

Mongolia 9.011298 0.2839086 709.68 100.8203 101.9302

Morocco 6.492099 109.6124 103.6948

Mozambique 103.3593 92.69593

Myanmar 91.89554 92.30015

Namibia 7.220185 105.0211 105.5352

Nepal 3.388263 0.6646917 62.18 119.2762 112.0188

Netherlands 5.085809 107.9158 106.5858

Netherlands Antilles 104.2976 104.4305

New Caledonia

New Zealand 6.715838 101.6912 101.3425

Nicaragua 3.117393 108.4971 107.9959

Niger 2.333488 43.5024 35.5345

Nigeria 119.3989 106.7841


Norway 7.627108 1.671292 101.3401 101.3681

Oman 4.636524 80.79337 80.2362

Pakistan 0.2223112 88.47 68.48344 56.63547

Palau

Panama 4.458848 111.9911 110.1836

Papua New Guinea 74.66648 69.6292

Paraguay 4.383764 0.09638641 82.58 110.1155 108.1033

Peru 2.989774 0.1029563 118.4384 118.1631

Philippines 3.127946 112.4643 111.6581

Poland 5.606619 0.5866889 1468.57 99.49052 99.19995

Portugal 5.786296 0.9283966 115.2736 112.4354

Puerto Rico

Qatar 105.6687 104.276

Romania 3.528369 0.3798205 909.69 98.99863 97.8951

Russian Federation 3.751241 1.248019 3414.59 118.2218 118.2741

Rwanda 122.0415 122.19

Samoa 105.3617 103.6575

San Marino

Sao Tome and Principe

Saudi Arabia 66.64891 65.42339

Senegal 3.592023 79.87579 76.59368

Serbia and Montenegro 1330.27

Seychelles 91.86205 5.183165 0.1065302 452.38 114.3146 113.7772

Sierra Leone

Singapore 2.154001 4351.64

Slovak Republic 4.354607 0.576461 1706.82 100.7271 99.95724


Page 25 of 46

Slovenia 6.067766 1.532513 2363.54 107.8265 107.3922

Solomon Islands 71.62004

Somalia

South Africa 5.287962 0.6427836 192.02 105.6459 103.7406

Spain 4.451366 1.03324 2036.27 107.589 106.5787

Sri Lanka 112.4294 111.6965

St. Kitts and Nevis 3.223516 0.1538462 111.7688 114.9396

St. Lucia 7.706209 111.7564 111.4948

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 9.979226 179 107.347 105.8624

Sudan 60.15191 55.8336

Suriname 125.7712 124.7641

Swaziland 7.060817 98.19337 94.40821

Sweden 7.664566 110.5186 111.9917

Switzerland 5.836057 107.6794 107.2277

Syrian Arab Republic 114.8992 111.6057

Tajikistan 2.800933 110.6317 107.7145

Tanzania 84.16191 82.71184

Thailand 0.243553 96.34131 94.20783

Timor-Leste

Togo 2.630991 121.2038 110.0187

Tonga 4.876775 112.3334 110.6947

Trinidad and Tobago 4.309896 100.0859 98.70702

Tunisia 6.373348 0.6289708 1013.19 110.6901 108.6308

Turkey 88.34413 0.6640707 344.63 91.41206 88.17358

Turkmenistan

Uganda 140.7204 139.4588

Ukraine 5.433329 1.156593 1749.1 92.65123 92.66541

United Arab Emirates 1.592868 96.84627 95.35825

United Kingdom 1.875576 100.0826 100.0408

United States 2.657013 98.10268 98.26359

Uruguay 2.573728 369.53 109.2968 108.1171

Uzbekistan 102.6911 102.3442

Vanuatu 11.03653 112.6985 112.6887

Venezuela, RB 222.4 103.8588 102.7626

Vietnam 101.0468 97.39419

Virgin Islands (U.S.) 109.09

West Bank and Gaza 91.8736 98.7504 98.95516

Yemen, Rep. 83.45956 67.9506

Zambia 82.18466 79.26376

Zimbabwe 93.89698 92.95079

Incentives

COUNTRY_NAME

Gross domestic savings (% of GD

Gross domestic savings (current

Gross national savings, includi

Gross national savings, inclu_1

Gross national savings, inclu_2

Hours per week

CNTRY SAVING% SAVING NATSAVING% NATSAV%GNI NATSAVNG HRS

Afghanistan

Albania 2.213477 12390810 17.9142 17.40324 1021996000


Page 26 of 46

Algeria 44.76122 29779700000

American Samoa

Andorra

Angola 36.70669 2782813000 7.388448 8.569776 1021456000

Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina 25.89095 33574510000 24.16994 24.70948 31323220000

Armenia 6.755052 189465900 17.78998 17.23076 498974100 45

Aruba

Australia 38.6

Austria 24.53314 62099780000 22.42367 22.69352 56760160000 36.9

Azerbaijan 25.12743 1793473000 20.80908 22.18392 1485250000

Bahamas, The

Bahrain 3880688000 21.02037 22.22645 2019351000

Bangladesh 17.58383 9128411000 30.02296 28.45319 15586020000

Barbados

Belarus 20.17393 3493267000 21.0219 21.03197 3704394000

Belgium 22.40841 67650110000

Belize 6.775308 74123290 9.237424 9.460207 94533490

Benin 5.465346 251720600 10.89633 10.97703 387595800

Bermuda 29

Bhutan

Bolivia 9.763246 990910500 13.97057 14.51196 1130146000

Bosnia and Herzegovina -14.03514 -978641600 13.87861 13.25062 967727200

Botswana 38.06878 2866643000

Brazil 21.5092 1.05898E+11 17.98495 18.64128 90958280000 44.2

Brunei

Bulgaria 11.97377 2378019000 12.18883 12.59267 2430325000 33

Burkina Faso 3.891293 162728600 6.626417 6.631928 277107800

Burundi 4.258353 25358490 21.6265 22.39364 128785800

Cambodia 12.97483 549246200 20.33694 21.27955 840628400

Cameroon 17.10401 2136441000

Canada 38.9

Cape Verde -16.04775 -114379300 10.49784 10.65292 83700780

Cayman Islands

Central African Republic 11.93264 46541640

Chad 21.03065 575504200

Channel Islands

Chile 27.28519 19757820000 23.58336 24.70228 17077240000

China 46.95245 6.6312E+11 47.50241 47.76671 6.72916E+11

Colombia 14.09865 11088710000 13.72716 14.34549 10975940000 41.6

Comoros 0.6494259 -5481031

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Congo, Rep. 47.40297 1689608000 22.41461 29.79792 798935000

Costa Rica 18.23238 3177395000 14.53435 15.27573 2541400000 49

Cote d'Ivoire 22.83957 3146249000 13.9226 14.69405 1944206000

Croatia 20.65708 5951303000 21.33245 22.27002 6145879000

Cuba 40

Cyprus 40.1

Czech Republic 25.37763 22678930000 20.94037 21.98196 18935000000 40.7

Denmark 26.19687 55507990000 23.21136 23.52104 49182070000

Djibouti


Page 27 of 46

Dominica 5578666 1.575756 1.688224 4068369

Dominican Republic 20.55315 3399666000 27.15438 29.36192 4491566000

Ecuador 22.58988 6144664000 23.71917 25.06891 6451841000

Egypt, Arab Rep. 15.22614 12550470000 20.0964 20.13735 16564880000

El Salvador -

0.1200692 -17865020 11.30295 11.62005 1688695000 48

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea -62.94568 -472463400 -16.93437 -17.05022 -127107500

Estonia 23.10356 2098282000 17.96658 19.17608 1631737000 33.7

Ethiopia 1.04682 69631670 18.25247 18.40354 1214105000

Faeroe Islands

Fiji

Finland 25.53234 41330700000 24.3476 24.48795 39412880000 37.5

France 36.15

French Polynesia

Gabon 45.30605 2744321000

Gambia, The 14.63697 36816340

Georgia 9.743797 389385700 12.52832 12.73738 500662000

Germany 22.10267 5.31163E+11 20.23363 20.33918 4.86247E+11

Ghana 11.32087 840253100 27.21034 27.8118 2074570000

Greece 17.99609 30989840000 20.19304 20.25051 34773050000 42

Greenland

Grenada 51360000 6.731595 7.569151 29444000

Guam

Guatemala 5.129537 1268525000 13.75349 13.93893 3401219000

Guinea 7.364319 267356200 10.21008 10.29999 370669300

Guinea-Bissau -1.065613 2827876

Guyana

Haiti 6864198 32.16873 32.3507 939072800

Honduras 11.91165 823527200 22.05949 22.94816 1515049000

Hong Kong, China 32.32333 48656880000 33.00913 32.10176 51204710000 45.4

Hungary 17503040000 16.91978 17.81564 14006320000

Iceland 18.08894 1901684000 15.78768 16.13528 1659754000

India 22.29687 1.32318E+11 25.31497 25.44475 1.52051E+11

Indonesia 21.5 60173470000 22.1186 23.01437 52758420000

Iran, Islamic Rep. 43.42699 59557390000

Iraq

Ireland 39.2

Isle of Man 38.6

Israel 9.323685 12075490000 13.76707 14.18829 15175000000 41.9

Italy 20.08631 2.9493E+11 18.45531 18.65652 2.70982E+11 39.2

Jamaica 11.48135 929666800 20.87421 22.49976 1568546000

Japan 25.57301 1.09986E+12 27.10921 26.65321 1.16593E+12 43.1

Jordan -2.806861 -276759500 29.68622 29.32445 2952633000

Kazakhstan 32.84886 9772338000 25.51362 27.04033 7866783000

Kenya 8.255989 1112931000 12.26461 12.40795 1763136000

Kiribati

Korea, Dem. Rep.

Korea, Rep. 31.909 1.93155E+11 31.40076 31.36849 1.90956E+11

Kuwait 10231540000 26.77556 24.79982 11178350000

Kyrgyz Republic 11.9686 228444400 14.5639 15.03792 279483100

Lao PDR 20.54374 340051200


Page 28 of 46

Latvia 20.67519 1786201000 20.73384 20.77464 2295785000

Lebanon -8.983601 54301930 5.804166 5.817015 1154711000

Lesotho -24.06466 -131103800

Liberia -13034610 0.5345598 0.6253502 2363824

Libya

Liechtenstein

Lithuania 15.48408 2989934000 15.22615 15.64211 2795489000 38.84

Luxembourg 38.89357 10305300000 25.95783 29.13913 6877830000

Macao, China 47.2

Macedonia, FYR 3.436274 239864500 17.47371 17.59559 815404600

Madagascar 7.815804 488058300 12.91321 13.10445 706877200

Malawi -5.00206 -84350080 -6.195256 -6.346727 -105393000

Malaysia 42.34373 43926050000 34.26994 36.34703 35550550000

Maldives 51.41481

Mali 18.94357 651872300 16.12121 16.73207 700629600

Malta 727103800 14.9636 14.83641 713541800 38.7

Marshall Islands

Mauritania 3.195728

Mauritius 25.32695 1323074000 26.2433 26.25347 1375531000

Mayotte

Mexico 18.15954 1.21238E+11 19.23662 19.60975 1.22937E+11 44.4


Moldova -12.25531 -241970500 19.46297 16.73351 385529400 29.7

Monaco

Mongolia 18.11276 285317200

Morocco 19.7174 8621749000 27.29329 27.79515 11934430000

Mozambique 11.28303 440192700 11.32625 11.85627 489359300

Myanmar

Namibia 15.38581 657105100 33.96349 31.53962 1450531000

Nepal 13.70547 801882800 31.51859 31.55953 1844096000

Netherlands 38.5


New Caledonia

New Zealand 38

Nicaragua 10.94082 446729300 20.74315 21.29882 857767200

Niger 5.026772 137302100

Nigeria 31.80091 17710990000


Norway 31.24208 68999320000 30.53773 30.34476 67443730000 36.3

Oman 7381015000 22.33222 23.25722 4845714000

Pakistan 15.56435 14271150000 22.10859 22.71833 18206410000

Palau

Panama 26.92376 3469800000 22.47862 24.0091 2891200000

Papua New Guinea 891988200

Paraguay 5.363831 323429700 8.221326 8.210433 495731700

Peru 18.87405 11433330000 17.4527 18.07374 10572320000 48.99

Philippines 16.24911 11131680000 22.2079 20.67692 17617460000

Poland 13.50595 34260180000 16.88646 17.1409 35385720000

Portugal 37.93

Puerto Rico

Qatar


Page 29 of 46

Romania 15.30916 9568495000 18.1643 18.51699 10344760000

Russian Federation 31.21881 1.38557E+11 29.06218 29.98024 1.25001E+11

Rwanda 1.10191 -14135320 10.63593 10.83214 179085400

Samoa

San Marino 38.4

Sao Tome and Principe -14.40378 -5223288

Saudi Arabia 42.22501 88400000000 33.97134 34.18036 72216720000

Senegal 8.049505 521974900 16.20589 16.43955 1050880000

Serbia and Montenegro -5.198054 -1215882000

Seychelles 19.37742 91010010 8.146691 8.660428 57262100

Sierra Leone -11.52129 -69697480 6.649519 6.836678 65825690

Singapore 46.693 43236550000 44.01558 44.71039 40656820000 49

Slovak Republic 23.76118 7833033000 24.34195 24.43153 7958110000

Slovenia 25.2057 7016469000 24.9975 25.16774 6936520000 36.7

Solomon Islands

Somalia

South Africa 18.56929 31323710000 15.66139 16.10892 25909280000

Spain 24.13955 2.02447E+11 23.09442 23.3452 1.93682E+11 36

Sri Lanka 15.74272 2900892000 22.31678 22.3941 4072009000

St. Kitts and Nevis 28.90452 111152200 24.63207 27.94453 90910580

St. Lucia 15.24191 105592600 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 16.24825 61981850

Sudan 24.65978 2477663000 9.842157 10.71218 1751076000

Suriname -22155390 -7.489187 -7.871543 -76429920

Swaziland 9.203387 170852600

Sweden 22.68453 68417820000 23.09918 23.13607 69668440000 37.5

Switzerland 41.2

Syrian Arab Republic 30.88888 6640809000

Tajikistan -

0.2692572 66689730 19.6488 20.86193 305119600

Tanzania 9.538809 982193200 9.316656 9.364251 959318500

Thailand 31.96182 45426210000 30.56298 31.14609 43690780000 50.5

Timor-Leste

Togo 5.332554 93796800

Tonga

Trinidad and Tobago 27.83707 2925977000 25.0229 25.91593 2630177000

Tunisia 21.021 5263097000 21.86692 22.86715 5474893000

Turkey 19.68446 46843530000 18.63093 18.79192 44784260000 52.2

Turkmenistan 2065245000

Uganda 6.637097 417911900 16.06659 16.40705 1011650000

Ukraine 23.98909 11395540000 25.92813 26.23214 12998540000


United Kingdom 13.36538 2.39892E+11 14.45711 14.17508 2.59488E+11

United States 40.4

Uruguay 15.43494 1726006000 11.52069 12.06893 1289255000

Uzbekistan 24.32044 2656452000

Vanuatu

Venezuela, RB 24.78219 27007660000 29.50369 30.38161 24616630000

Vietnam 27.11357 10618640000


West Bank and Gaza -36.51653 -1261446000 44.2

Yemen, Rep. 12.44078 1347407000 17.28311 18.66216 1901472000


Page 30 of 46

Zambia 18.741 812467600

Zimbabwe

Incorrupt Society

COUNTRY_NAME Corruption Index

CNTRY CORRUPTION

Afghanistan 2.5

Albania 2.4

Algeria 2.8

American Samoa

Andorra

Angola 2

Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina 2.8

Armenia 2.9

Aruba

Australia 8.8

Austria 8.7

Azerbaijan 2.2

Bahamas, The

Bahrain 5.8

Bangladesh 1.7

Barbados 6.9

Belarus 2.6

Belgium 7.4

Belize 3.7

Benin 2.9

Bermuda

Bhutan

Bolivia 2.5

Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.9

Botswana 5.9

Brazil 3.7

Brunei

Bulgaria 4

Burkina Faso 3.4

Burundi 2.3

Cambodia 2.3

Cameroon 2.2

Canada 8.4

Cape Verde

Cayman Islands

Central African Republic

Chad 1.7

Channel Islands

Chile 7.3

China 3.2


Page 31 of 46

Colombia 4

Comoros

Congo, Dem. Rep. 2.1

Congo, Rep. 2.3

Costa Rica 4.2

Cote d'Ivoire 1.9

Croatia 3.4

Cuba 3.8

Cyprus 5.7

Czech Republic 4.3

Denmark 9.5

Djibouti

Dominica

Dominican Republic 3

Ecuador 2.5

Egypt, Arab Rep. 3.4

El Salvador 4.2


Eritrea 2.6

Estonia 6.4

Ethiopia 2.2

Faeroe Islands

Fiji 4

Finland 9.6

France 7.5

French Polynesia

Gabon 2.9

Gambia, The 2.7

Georgia 2.3

Germany 8.2

Ghana 3.5

Greece 4.3

Greenland

Grenada

Guam

Guatemala 2.5

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Guyana 2.5

Haiti 1.8

Honduras 2.6

Hong Kong, China 8.3

Hungary 5

Iceland 9.7

India 2.9

Indonesia 2.2

Iran, Islamic Rep. 2.9

Iraq 2.2

Ireland 7.4

Isle of Man

Israel 6.3


Page 32 of 46

Italy 5

Jamaica 3.6

Japan 7.3

Jordan 5.7

Kazakhstan 2.6

Kenya 2.1

Kiribati

Korea, Dem. Rep.

Korea, Rep. 5

Kuwait 4.7

Kyrgyz Republic 2.3

Lao PDR 3.3

Latvia 4.2

Lebanon 3.1

Lesotho 3.4

Liberia 2.2

Libya 2.5

Liechtenstein

Lithuania 4.8

Luxembourg 8.5

Macao, China

Macedonia, FYR 2.7

Madagascar 2.8

Malawi 2.8

Malaysia 5.1

Maldives

Mali 2.9

Malta 6.6

Marshall Islands

Mauritania

Mauritius 4.2

Mayotte

Mexico 3.5


Moldova 2.9

Monaco

Mongolia 3

Morocco 3.2

Mozambique 2.8

Myanmar 1.8

Namibia 4.3

Nepal 2.5

Netherlands 8.6


New Caledonia

New Zealand 9.6

Nicaragua 2.6

Niger 2.4

Nigeria 1.9


Norway 8.9


Page 33 of 46

Oman 6.3

Pakistan 2.1

Palau

Panama 3.5


Paraguay 2.1

Peru 3.5

Philippines 2.5

Poland 3.4

Portugal 6.5

Puerto Rico

Qatar 5.9

Romania 3

Russian Federation 2.4

Rwanda 3.1

Samoa

San Marino

Sao Tome and Principe

Saudi Arabia 3.4

Senegal 3.2

Serbia and Montenegro 2.8

Seychelles 4

Sierra Leone 2.4

Singapore 9.4

Slovak Republic 4.3

Slovenia 6.1

Solomon Islands

Somalia 2.1

South Africa 4.5

Spain 7

Sri Lanka 3.2

St. Kitts and Nevis

St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Sudan 2.1

Suriname 3.2

Swaziland 2.7

Sweden 9.2

Switzerland 9.1

Syrian Arab Republic 3.4

Tajikistan 2.1

Tanzania 2.9

Thailand 3.8

Timor-Leste

Togo

Tonga

Trinidad and Tobago 3.8

Tunisia 4.9

Turkey 3.5

Turkmenistan 1.8

Uganda 2.5


Page 34 of 46

Ukraine 2.6

United Arab Emirates 6.2

United Kingdom 8.6

United States 7.6

Uruguay 5.9

Uzbekistan 2.2

Vanuatu

Venezuela, RB 2.3

Vietnam 2.6


West Bank and Gaza

Yemen, Rep. 2.7

Zambia 2.6

Zimbabwe 2.6

Infrastructure

COUNTRY_NAME

Air transport, freight (million

Air transport, passengers carri

Aircraft departures

Air Density (Departures/ Land Area)

Rail lines (total route-km)

Roads, total network (km) - 200

Roads Density (Total Roads/ Land Area)

CNTRY AIRFRT AIRPAS AIRDEP AIRDENS RAILKM ROAD ROADENS

Afghanistan

Albania 0.1 158900 3800 0.00159547 18000 0.65693431

Algeria 19.1 3292800 44300 221.5

American Samoa

Andorra

Angola 56.5 198300 4600 10.4545455 2761

Antigua and Barbuda 0.2 1428500 67200 0.02455521

Argentina 113.4 6030100 91800 3.25531915

Armenia 5 366600 3800 20 8431 0.29897163

Aruba

Australia 1355.4 41386400 529600 6.4015472 41286

Austria 430.7 6902800 128400 1.55447942 200000 2.41750272

Azerbaijan 67.1 683700 9200 0.91908092 2122 28030 0.33934625

Bahamas, The 1.6 1601300 24500 34.5070423

Bahrain 341.2 1850500 28500 0.21894446 3459 4.87183099

Bangladesh 179 1579000 7200 16.744186

Barbados 1600 3.72093023

Belarus 1.1 234300 6000 0.19847833 79990 0.38553114

Belgium 604.6 2904100 132800 5.8245614 149028 4.92980483

Belize

Benin 438

Bermuda

Bhutan 0.2 36400 1900 0.00175215 4007.09 0.08525723

Bolivia 24.5 1768300 28900 0.56445313 60282 0.05559121

Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.5 72900 4600 0.00811674

Botswana 0.3 183200 7500 0.00088659 888

Brazil 1478.4 32372000 486800 92.3719165

Brunei 148.7 955100 11800 0.10666185

Bulgaria 0 75400 1400 0.00511696 37077.3 0.33514689


Page 35 of 46

Burkina Faso 0 54500 1300 0.05062305

Burundi

Cambodia 2.6 116300 3600 0.00773528

Cameroon 20.3 315100 9500 0.00103026

Canada 1496.3 35884400 1036100 257.096774 49422 1408800 0.15278219

Cape Verde 0.4 252800 9400 36.1538462

Cayman Islands

Central African Republic

Chad

Channel Islands

Chile 1130.2 5246800 82800 0.00887705

China 5650.6 86040600 946400 0.91113892 1765222 0.18925083

Colombia 645.8 9142600 171900 77.0852018

Comoros

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Congo, Rep. 0 52300 4800 0.09400705

Costa Rica 9.7 780500 34500 0.10849057 35302.59 0.69139424

Cote d'Ivoire

Croatia 2.6 1266600 19800 0.18029503 28344 0.50686695

Cuba 40.6 611000 9000 0.97402597

Cyprus 44.2 1883000 16900 0.2186853 11593 1.25465368

Czech Republic 36.2 3391500 52100 1.22790478 127204 1.64601449

Denmark 171 5886000 90600 3.90854185 71847 1.69330662

Djibouti

Dominica

Dominican Republic 1743

Ecuador 7.9 1123300 13200 0.01326034 966 43197 0.15603598

Egypt, Arab Rep. 228.5 4172000 42100 2.03185328

El Salvador 3 2966400 25100 0.89483066 283

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea 306

Estonia 1.5 395300 8400 0.0084 55944 1.31974522

Ethiopia 93.5 1147300 27200 19.4285714 681 33297 0.033297

Faeroe Islands

Fiji 68 972000 38700 0.12705604

Finland 255.7 6183900 107000 0.19451009 78650 0.25821596

France 5067.3 47258800 695900 190.136612 893100 1.623523

French Polynesia

Gabon 54.3 385500 8000 0.8

Gambia, The

Georgia 2.1 124200 2000 0.00573148 20229 0.29110663

Germany 7297.6 72693100 844800 3.7127538

Ghana 16.6 241100 3300 0.02560124 977

Greece 62.7 7518900 114100 0.27798758

Greenland

Grenada

Guam

Guatemala 886

Guinea 837

Guinea-Bissau

Guyana


Page 36 of 46

Haiti

Honduras 699

Hong Kong, China 5780.8 13024800 87100 0.94571118

Hungary 28 2369100 34600 0.34513716 159568 1.73255157

Iceland 75.4 1133800 9800 0.00329612 12978 0.12945636

India 580 19456100 263900 0.14567475 3315231 1.11504176

Indonesia 424.4 12221100 155600 0.0950984 6458 368362 0.20333854

Iran, Islamic Rep. 80 9554300 85100 0.1945721

Iraq

Ireland 121.8 28863700 231300 404.370629 95736 1.38969372

Isle of Man

Israel 1394.4 3672000 35800 0.12172317 16903 0.7785813

Italy 1358.8 34953200 327900 30.2770083

Jamaica 48.9 1838000 24000 0.06584362 272

Japan 7985.4 103606100 638500 7.17980434

Jordan 190.3 1353400 15400 0.00570434 7301 0.08209828

Kazakhstan 20.8 1009700 19600 0.03443792 82980 0.03073675

Kenya 141.5 1678200 27100 37.1232877

Kiribati

Korea, Dem. Rep. 1.8 75000 1400 0.01418009

Korea, Rep. 8311.8 33334000 239900 13.4624018 3129

Kuwait 219.4 2198400 18000 0.09384776

Kyrgyz Republic 4.8 205600 4800 0.02079723

Lao PDR 1.9 218700 7100 0.11442385

Latvia 0.5 339700 10400 1.01661779 60472 0.9745689

Lebanon 75.1 935200 10800 0.35584844 401

Lesotho

Liberia 490

Libya 0.3 626500 6400 40 2757

Liechtenstein

Lithuania 1.3 329300 9800 3.7896365 77148 1.23082323

Luxembourg 4347.8 853900 40800 1942.85714

Macao, China 46 1211800 14400 0.56626032 341 16.2380952

Macedonia, FYR 0.1 201000 2300 0.00395502

Madagascar 9.6 403700 9400 0.09991497

Malawi 1.2 108900 4900 0.01491402 797

Malaysia 2175.7 15214400 152000 506.666667

Maldives 0 60200 3500 0.00286841

Mali

Malta 12 1309100 14400 79.4263651 2222 6.94375

Marshall Islands 0.3 27500 3900 0.00380406

Mauritania 0.1 116100 1600 0.78817734 717

Mauritius 194.5 1035100 14500 38.7700535 2000 0.98522168

Mayotte

Mexico 349.6 20687800 287100 408.974359


Moldova 0.5 179100 4300 2205.12821 12719 0.3868309

Monaco 0 94600 14000 0.00893712

Mongolia 7.6 294900 7400 0.01658078 49250 0.03143952

Morocco 50.7 2565100 34800 0.04438266 57694 0.12927179

Mozambique 6.6 280500 7700 0.01171014


Page 37 of 46

Myanmar 2.1 1117200 20600 0.02502156 3955

Namibia 45.7 265700 6000 0.04195804 2382 42237 0.0513027

Nepal 18.9 625400 13000 0.3837072 59 15308 0.10704895

Netherlands 4330.7 23454900 248200 310.25


New Caledonia

New Zealand 800.5 12259400 247400 2.03789127 3898 92382 0.34472182

Nicaragua 6 18712 0.15413509

Niger

Nigeria 10 520300 9000 18.8679245


Norway 174.6 12779300 248800 0.80387722 91852 0.2999249

Oman 190 2777400 27800 0.03606268

Pakistan 351 4477300 44700 97.173913

Palau

Panama 20.2 1264300 25700 0.05675043 355

Papua New Guinea 17.1 690500 17700 0.04455072

Paraguay 0 313000 10800 0.0084375 441

Peru 114.3 2232700 36300 0.12174263

Philippines 273.6 6466800 56100 0.18315975 429 202124 0.67788175

Poland 70.9 3252200 73100 0.7989071

Portugal 205.7 7590300 117400 13.2356257

Puerto Rico 96

Qatar 276.4 3184100 23800 0.10353678

Romania 6.8 1250800 26600 0.00157504 198755 0.86464088

Russian Federation 1113.4 22723100 351000 14.2278071

Rwanda

Samoa 1.5 198100 9000 148.760331

San Marino

Sao Tome and Principe 0.1 35700 1200 0.00055822

Saudi Arabia 852.4 13821700 108300 0.56250974

Senegal 0 130000 2400 0.02352941

Serbia and Montenegro 47.3 1298300 22200 49.3333333

Seychelles 21.3 413100 18600 0.25970399

Sierra Leone 6.7 13600 100 0.14925373 11300 0.15777716

Singapore 6683.1 14736900 63900 1.30942623 3130.33 4.67213433

Slovak Republic 0.4 208400 6800 0.33797217 42970 0.88053279

Slovenia 3.6 758400 16400 0.58592354 20250 1.00646123

Solomon Islands 0.7 68100 9700 0.01546211

Somalia

South Africa 891.3 9481300 146800 0.2939292 275971 0.22723575

Spain 876.1 42506800 518800 8.02723194

Sri Lanka 238 1957600 12600 35 1449

St. Kitts and Nevis

St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines 829 2.12564103

Sudan 36.3 420500 7800 0.05

Suriname 24.3 258300 4400 0.25581395 4492 0.02879487

Swaziland 301

Sweden 252.9 11586000 183500 4.63969659 213237 0.51804334

Switzerland 1247.6 10588700 189100 1.02894766 71212 1.80055626


Page 38 of 46

Syrian Arab Republic 16.1 907900 7100 0.05049787 64697 0.35203504

Tajikistan 6.8 412700 7200 0.00814858

Tanzania 1.8 149600 6000 0.01174421

Thailand 1764.1 16622500 93600 6.29455279 4071

Timor-Leste

Togo 568

Tonga 0 60800 4500 0.87719298

Trinidad and Tobago 34.3 1084200 17700 0.11392894

Tunisia 19.2 1719500 18700 0.02429739

Turkey 378.5 10701000 103600 0.22045837 354421 0.4605083

Turkmenistan 13.6 1411900 24500 0.12430239

Uganda 23.4 39700 300 0.00051782

Ukraine 17.7 1477300 32900 0.39354067 169679 0.29287823

United Arab Emirates 2686.1 11384000 69800 0.28977084

United Kingdom 5250.5 76376800 891200 0.09730362

United States 34205.6 588997100 7789100 44.5040567 141961

Uruguay 23.2 463900 7000 0.01689842

Uzbekistan 71 1465800 22300 1.82936834

Vanuatu 1.5 83200 1200 0.00136047

Venezuela, RB 2 3823700 105800 0.32504839

Vietnam 164.5 4552800 47600 140


West Bank and Gaza

Yemen, Rep. 48.7 844300 14700 0.01977428

Zambia 0 51000 5200 0.0134419 1273

Zimbabwe 18.5 200900 4000 19.2307692 3077

Information COUNTRY_NAME Civil Liberties

Index Fixed line and mobile phone sub

Telephone mainlines (per 1,000

Personal computers (per 1,000 p

Information and communication t

Information and communication_1

CNTRY INFO CELL PHONE PC TECH% TECH

Afghanistan 6 11.80198 1.829878

Albania 3 440.9659 82.9862

Algeria 5 114.8269 69.26218

American Samoa

Andorra 1

Angola 5 6.707062

Antigua and Barbuda 2

Argentina 2 5.678041 194.3109

Armenia 4 178.3894 148.2975

Aruba

Australia 1 1261.803 542.3418 5.937009 1559.962

Austria 1 1359.532 480.7383 5.317864 1663.894

Azerbaijan 5 242.451 114.3253

Bahamas, The 1 781.9268 415.2696

Bahrain 5 906.015 267.6214

Bangladesh 4 15.59411 5.491843 7.770974 2.653637 9.97781

Barbados 1 1015.944 496.8484

Belarus 6 424.3145 311.0787


Page 39 of 46

Belgium 1 1281.955 489.1897 318.1499 5.502852 1601.089

Belize 2 317.3476 112.7303

Benin 2 43.08698 9.467758 3.676157

Bermuda

Bhutan 5 45.19705 34.30563 13.61767

Bolivia 3 224.4003 72.30489 5.649312 51.8484

Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 518.7806 244.7794

Botswana 2 371.9398 74.87159

Brazil 3 486.46 222.9089 6.726868 192.6479

Brunei 5

Bulgaria 2 846.8568 380.4846 3.909935 99.65486

Burkina Faso 5 23.85414 5.335618 2.121064

Burundi 5 12.34897 3.357171 1.826458

Cambodia 5 37.82098 2.571558 2.263259

Cameroon 6 4.896375 38.01716

Canada 1 1045.785 628.9612 5.814708 1574.591

Cape Verde 1 272.6072 156.3298

Cayman Islands

Central African Republic 5

Chad 5

Channel Islands

Chile 1 732.3965 221.0459 6.671247 306.2508

China 6 423.802 209.0345 5.279675 58.04991

Colombia 4 320.5816 179.2876 8.85692 158.8417

Comoros 4 19.0801 16.57697 5.757196

Congo, Dem. Rep. 4

Congo, Rep. 6 96.28571 2 4.285714

Costa Rica 1 7.465628 325.9686

Cote d'Ivoire 6 91.31169 14.30976

Croatia 2

Cuba 7

Cyprus 1 1315.879 571.877

Czech Republic 1 1324.939 360.3018 6.499976 576.1125

Denmark 1 1552.549 669.3338 5.654735 2224.105

Djibouti 5 49.65419 15.22305 21.70659

Dominica 1

Dominican Republic 2 386.785 115.4122

Ecuador 3 311.6437 122.4198 3.655754 76.4456

Egypt, Arab Rep. 5 211.7058 127.2528 21.8506 1.218288 14.86404

El Salvador 3 291.986 115.5161

Equatorial Guinea 6 94.10681 17.67956

Eritrea 6 9.173211 2.89087

Estonia 1 1118.609 341.2287 440.4145

Ethiopia 5 7.681718 6.271355 2.162536

Faeroe Islands

Fiji 3 256.5911 123.5374

Finland 1 1401.555 491.9701 6.881755 2137.356

France 1 1261.906 566.0315 5.870366 1726.487

French Polynesia 214.072

Gabon 4 253.1152 28.73224 22.4383

Gambia, The 4

Georgia 4 239.7041 132.9532

Germany 1 1442.477 657.3234 484.6624 5.657247 1647.093


Page 40 of 46

Ghana 2 49.10715 13.46854

Greece 2 1356.158 453.8991 4.261827 665.1863

Greenland

Grenada 2 666.6993 290.427

Guam

Guatemala 4

Guinea 5 17.76093 3.375694 5.547671

Guinea-Bissau 4 9.244532 8.248438

Guyana 2

Haiti 6 55.24862 16.8148

Honduras 3 4.61123 45.44729

Hong Kong, China 2 1638.103 558.941 8.440212 1920.877

Hungary 1 1117.406 348.6396 6.110238 499.4174

Iceland 1 1625.585 659.9446

India 3 71.03042 46.28387 3.743906 21.12677

Indonesia 4 126.8158 39.41102 2.954993 32.83302

Iran, Islamic Rep. 6 270.5847 219.6792 90.45791 2.238528 46.2405

Iraq 5

Ireland 1 1370.982 491.3418 3.87389 1490.961

Isle of Man

Israel 3 1418.922 458.1935 7.875669 1298.011

Italy 1 1501.576 483.9895 4.142848 1055.229

Jamaica 3 12.42036 353.1712

Japan 2 1150.875 471.8615 7.383346 2489.141

Jordan 4 355.5833 113.6495 44.72435 8.737057 163.7184

Kazakhstan 5

Kenya 3 60.52551 10.35568 3.112176 14.01811

Kiribati 1

Korea, Dem. Rep. 7 40.98652

Korea, Rep. 2 1239.264 538.3449 557.9723 6.636652 842.3637

Kuwait 5 776.2687 198.2105 162.8333 1.74522 304.0373

Kyrgyz Republic 5 102.6519 76.0925

Lao PDR 6 32.04695 12.2757 3.521933

Latvia 2 811.2293 285.3799 187.9959

Lebanon 5

Lesotho 3

Liberia 4

Libya 7 158.5895 135.6239

Liechtenstein 1

Lithuania 2 868.9337 239.2022

Luxembourg 1 1991.298 797.5

Macao, China 1201.008 389.3445 260.8696

Macedonia, FYR 3

Madagascar 3 21.00759 3.647368 4.895961

Malawi 4 20.98722 8.104501 1.506484

Malaysia 4 623.5766 181.6245 166.8627 6.90796 289.256

Maldives 5

Mali 2

Malta 1 1245.657 520.6775

Marshall Islands 1 93.75463 82.67235

Mauritania 5 141.3997 13.87282

Mauritius 1 552.2261 285.2047

Mayotte


Page 41 of 46

Mexico 2 448.7904 157.7346 3.057762 191.0374

Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 1 157.6738 103.2808

Moldova 4 351.3011 219.3443

Monaco 1

Mongolia 2 186.0322 56.21495 77.32063

Morocco 4 283.892 40.47314 19.91767 5.616488 81.55711

Mozambique 4

Myanmar 7 8.070143 6.820293 5.636979

Namibia 3 182.4589 66.20582 99.32433

Nepal 5 17.82973 15.70262

Netherlands 1 1381.868 614.3001 6.372682 2009.419


New Caledonia 650.834 226.7598

New Zealand 1 1096.728 448.4685 9.989328 1983.538

Nicaragua 3 122.5234 37.3938

Niger 3

Nigeria 4 32.45803 6.917763


Norway 1 1622.372 713.4557 5.121986 2479.636

Oman 5

Pakistan 5 44.17529 26.62707 7.277115 40.37153

Palau 1

Panama 2 389.5464 121.98 9.170424 395.2719

Papua New Guinea 3

Paraguay 3 344.5737 46.06842

Peru 3 173.1488 67.07043 6.869439 153.282

Philippines 3 310.7275 41.18372 5.903589 57.46196

Poland 1 769.6494 318.7437 142.0094 4.529687 248.5077

Portugal 1 1309.635 411.1482 134.3557 4.246883 601.4075

Puerto Rico

Qatar 5 794.3409 261.2318

Romania 2 523.6089 199.3897 96.62478 2.811363 73.63411

Russian Federation 5 3.684849 110.5044

Rwanda 5

Samoa 2 130.5493 72.92255

San Marino 1

Sao Tome and Principe 2 77.55921 45.85526

Saudi Arabia 7 476.5473 155.4037 2.530608 238.7929

Senegal 3 77.68713 22.09132 21.23757 7.462343 47.25656

Serbia and Montenegro 2 580.5085 242.7224

Seychelles 3 850.6783 255.9887

Sierra Leone 3

Singapore 4 1302.752 450.2562 10.37143 2254.118

Slovak Republic 1 924.9483 240.7798 5.263821 319.2764

Slovenia 1 1277.651 406.7711

Solomon Islands 3 16.19707 13.07757

Somalia 7

South Africa 2 7.771068 280.5229

Spain 1 1342.93 433.7894 3.78605 772.5229

Sri Lanka 3 121.7069 48.99829 5.729897 54.3632

St. Kitts and Nevis 2

St. Lucia 2

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1


Page 42 of 46

Sudan 7 46.56612 27.03839

Suriname 2 472.0338 151.7107

Swaziland 5 128.5431 44.25191 28.73563

Sweden 1 7.021453 2364.571

Switzerland 1 7.231797 3149.701

Syrian Arab Republic 7

Tajikistan 5 44.75628 37.47795

Tanzania 3 29.45898 4.222524 5.663637

Thailand 3 499.0733 104.9054 3.535701 81.50389

Timor-Leste 3

Togo 5 56.1284 12.1284 32

Tonga 3

Trinidad and Tobago 3

Tunisia 5 309.7845 117.6794 40.48251 5.235782 132.4784

Turkey 3 661.8998 267.5178 7.348326 249.7964

Turkmenistan 7

Uganda 4 32.703 2.38271 4.004063

Ukraine 3 7.044867 73.03793

United Arab Emirates 6 1016.778 281.1073

United Kingdom 1 7.347044 2222.699

United States 1 1164.29 621.2793 8.789998 3309.298

Uruguay 1 7.064746 233.8931

Uzbekistan 6 79.56098 67.03605

Vanuatu 2 69.04189 31.48772

Venezuela, RB 4 383.6291 110.6178 5.316184 172.7662

Vietnam 6 87.78872 54.09378


West Bank and Gaza 219.9386 87.28333

Yemen, Rep. 5

Zambia 4 29.42617 7.898705 8.485931

Zimbabwe 6 57.80349 25.57765 52.69868 92.13271

Internationalization

COUNTRY_NAME Trade (% of GDP)

Export of goods and services (%

External Balance on Goods and s

CNTRY TRADE% EXP BAL

Afghanistan

Albania 61.27856 19.0564 -24.80499

Algeria 63.32757 39.0476 14.44447

American Samoa

Andorra

Angola 138.1198 71.32356 7.344789

Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina 39.1405 24.95217 10.76959

Armenia 81.6707 31.87389 -17.92292

Aruba

Australia

Austria 102.0674 51.79567 1.523924

Azerbaijan 109.6055 42.80757 -23.99035


Page 43 of 46

Bahamas, The

Bahrain 17.8876

Bangladesh 34.24911 14.21382 -5.821476

Barbados -5.110403

Belarus 136.7542 66.39317 -3.899034

Belgium 161.8057 82.16764 2.529535

Belize 120.8057 53.5405 -13.25698

Benin 40.80198 14.04951 -11.55074

Bermuda

Bhutan

Bolivia 48.77253 23.71004 1.439925

Bosnia and Herzegovina 84.40972 25.24197 -33.92578

Botswana 78.38142 44.48193 10.58243

Brazil 29.98106 16.85795 3.635822

Brunei

Bulgaria 116.1957 53.22141 -9.714365

Burkina Faso 31.88433 8.532125 -14.82008

Burundi 24.69839 6.828378 -11.04163

Cambodia 133.2799 62.01329 -9.476426

Cameroon 50.93324 25.52723 0.1212171

Canada

Cape Verde 100.1964 31.97433 -34.54557

Cayman Islands

Central African Republic 54.99713 24.42562 -2.138194

Chad 73.21802 20.58094 -32.93457

Channel Islands

Chile 68.29369 35.69949 3.105276

China 66.1268 34.34069 2.546884

Colombia 43.8581 21.38433 -1.07163

Comoros 37.02177 12.51372 -13.47911

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Congo, Rep. 130.6623 77.60185 24.54142

Costa Rica 95.38154 46.69864 -1.97765

Cote d'Ivoire 80.4941 46.68888 12.8547

Croatia 103.9266 47.09608 -9.734445

Cuba

Cyprus

Czech Republic 127.8293 62.80586 -2.201663

Denmark 80.36478 43.46844 6.572106

Djibouti

Dominica 115.312 53.76488 -12.23928

Dominican Republic 106.3369 51.90933 -2.518207

Ecuador 52.56478 23.75199 -5.060796

Egypt, Arab Rep. 45.26855 21.69313 -1.882289

El Salvador 70.00481 26.79285 -16.35165

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea 112.7748 13.69641 -85.38199

Estonia 157.9864 74.97952 -8.027364

Ethiopia 53.6725 17.13239 -19.40773

Faeroe Islands

Fiji


Page 44 of 46

Finland 66.97857 37.00548 7.032394

France 50.37582 25.80679 1.237763

French Polynesia

Gabon 103.4231 62.41627 21.40944

Gambia, The 85.92757 40.68228 -9.152959

Georgia 78.15901 31.7751 -14.60881

Germany 67.71793 35.95388 4.189837

Ghana 92.54701 40.33394 -11.87913

Greece 47.84364 19.83654 -8.170568

Greenland

Grenada -28.25789

Guam

Guatemala 44.16239 16.29263 -11.5771

Guinea 46.58214 22.01725 -2.547635

Guinea-Bissau 73.4057 29.67004 -11.21502

Guyana

Haiti -30.80996

Honduras 90.22947 36.47608 -17.39204

Hong Kong, China 330.5964 169.9999 8.974148

Hungary -4.150203

Iceland 73.91519 35.27322 -3.36876

India 30.47005 14.48041 -1.002602

Indonesia 56.94 31.24 7.628459

Iran, Islamic Rep. 48.20639 25.32261 2.438824

Iraq

Ireland

Isle of Man

Israel 81.39085 37.31425 -5.941225

Italy 50.23501 25.38209 0.5291693

Jamaica 99.93383 40.70079 -19.96986

Japan 22.01148 11.80656 1.601641

Jordan 114.6044 44.54996 -25.28384

Kazakhstan 94.54241 50.38888 6.016084

Kenya 54.24396 24.78472 -5.18881

Kiribati

Korea, Dem. Rep.

Korea, Rep. 73.8112 38.16702 2.51125

Kuwait 15.85885

Kyrgyz Republic 80.27292 38.03177 -4.186757

Lao PDR 50.76085 25.48861 -5.710165

Latvia 103.9908 47.04117 -12.71224

Lebanon 52.40373 13.36694 -20.04601

Lesotho 136.5704 41.37027 -56.51784

Liberia -11.64425

Libya

Liechtenstein

Lithuania 113.7824 53.91043 -5.459682

Luxembourg 262.7413 140.1323 17.5233

Macao, China

Macedonia, FYR 88.62152 35.23087 -16.55983

Madagascar 53.06196 21.49239 -8.97716


Page 45 of 46

Malawi 68.10201 27.49257 -16.18886

Malaysia 207.6388 114.3054 20.9721

Maldives 151.275 85.17479

Mali 57.20373 26.36624 -8.857643

Malta -5.444525

Marshall Islands

Mauritania 109.3529 33.87431

Mauritius 116.9703 59.69096 2.403538

Mayotte

Mexico 58.53442 28.43253 -1.621341


Moldova 141.282 53.67648 -33.63732

Monaco

Mongolia 147.8923 67.63182 -15.66153

Morocco 68.73055 32.33819 -4.054172

Mozambique 62.14272 22.76288 -16.69769

Myanmar

Namibia 86.05342 39.35436 -7.344703

Nepal 45.43089 16.65381 -12.12327

Netherlands


New Caledonia

New Zealand

Nicaragua 75.51143 24.4273 -26.32137

Niger 41.22205 16.0315 -9.159055

Nigeria 90.88999 49.97894 7.648865


Norway 69.0631 41.34038 13.61767

Oman 18.35071

Pakistan 40.84105 20.47681 0.5999367

Palau

Panama 116.7426 59.03317 1.326388


Paraguay 78.99892 32.27388 -14.45117

Peru 35.31059 17.68471 0.0588

Philippines 99.00641 48.26715 -2.603158

Poland 47.31328 20.96223 -2.490483

Portugal

Puerto Rico

Qatar

Romania 71.55761 33.03003 -7.84358

Russian Federation 52.56905 31.73287 11.47783

Rwanda 36.2267 8.565359 -19.26433

Samoa

San Marino

Sao Tome and Principe 120.5996 37.89793 -38.8626

Saudi Arabia 70.98512 46.89915 22.20954

Senegal 68.8888 28.43855 -12.01169

Serbia and Montenegro 67.50778 22.23605 -22.02095

Seychelles 154.4338 77.38863 3.949272

Sierra Leone 71.91402 22.44635 -21.32122


Page 46 of 46

Singapore 31.96416

Slovak Republic 157.5796 78.04195 -1.481851

Slovenia 119.3231 59.65366 -0.0319

Solomon Islands

Somalia

South Africa 54.5946 28.19048 1.763928

Spain 57.68418 27.94336 -1.797466

Sri Lanka 78.12485 35.77249 -6.175472

St. Kitts and Nevis 92.78004 36.89228 -17.7835

St. Lucia 125.0147 55.71772 -13.5612 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 112.2829 47.41555 -17.22845

Sudan 28.35569 16.25774 -4.236394

Suriname -36.05632

Swaziland 177.2344 83.53774 -9.012568

Sweden 80.78622 43.72198 6.657744

Switzerland

Syrian Arab Republic 73.22239 40.23975 7.266831

Tajikistan 139.3375 60.0341 -13.69451

Tanzania 45.6176 18.26528 -9.08703

Thailand 124.577 65.64988 6.766771

Timor-Leste

Togo 81.1797 33.80612 -13.56745

Tonga

Trinidad and Tobago 90.86311 49.65514 8.447181

Tunisia 90.30582 43.12784 -4.050142

Turkey 58.63309 27.65467 -3.290508

Turkmenistan 8.274179

Uganda 38.74324 12.34832 -14.0466

Ukraine 101.2167 52.94684 2.569349


United Kingdom 53.15987 25.10627 -2.947343

United States

Uruguay 48.75928 25.56851 2.375969

Uzbekistan 66.29385 36.73784 6.704112

Vanuatu

Venezuela, RB 45.63225 30.59802 16.80879

Vietnam 127.3024 59.66301 -7.976407


West Bank and Gaza 58.99344 9.986567 -39.02031

Yemen, Rep. 67.12008 31.21 -4.62689

Zambia 48.51 20.56 -7.39

Zimbabwe

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