the 20th ternate historic area under the...
TRANSCRIPT
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TERNATE HISTORIC AREA UNDER THE PRESSURE OF
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Agus Dharma Tohjiwa 1, Sumaiyah Fitriandini2
1,2 Department of Architecture, Gunadarma University, Depok, Indonesia
Urban Retrofitting: Building, Cities and Communities
in The Disruptive Era
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INTRODUCTION & LITERATURE REVIEW Place Your
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• The international spice trade brought the Portuguese and the
Spanish to North Maluku in the 16th century. The presence of the
two nations has played a role in the conflict between fellow
kingdoms in Moloku Kie Raha.
• Portuguese sided with Ternate and established control over
Ternate, while Spain sided with Tidore.
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INTRODUCTION & LITERATURE REVIEW Place Your
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• Over time, population growth and the need for
urban development have led to urban spatial
development leading to coastal areas.
• The phenomenon of rapid development in this
coastal area does not pay attention to conservation
aspects of the city.
• This condition can threaten historical sites and
damage heritage areas there.
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METHODSPlace Your
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• This research uses qualitative methods with
descriptive and spatial analysis approach.
• Primary data was collected through field surveys and
visual observations, map overlays using a Geographic
Information System (GIS), and interviews with
representatives of the Sultanate and the Regional
Government.
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FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONPlace Your
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• Ternate Island has more than 27 cultural heritages dating from the 14-19 centuries.
• Many historical heritages become famous tourism objects, for example the forts of Kalamata, Tolukko, and Oranje.
• In terms of objects spreading, it can be divided into 3 clusters.
• Cluster 2 in the southern part of Ternate island is a gathering place for almost all cultural heritage on Ternate island.
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FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONPlace Your
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• From the map overlay results of the historical objects spread with the urban spatial structure plan, it is known that the locations of most historical objects are in the city center of Ternate.
• From the map overlay results of the historical objects spread with land use plans (spatial patterns), it is known that the most historical objects are located in commercial areas and dense residential areas.
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FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONPlace Your
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• The sacred kedaton complex of
Ternate Sultan is located in city center.
• In the cosmological view of the
Ternate community, Kedaton is also
considered the center of supernatural
powers and replica of the universe.
• Currently the 5 sacred elements of
Kedaton are no longer connected
properly because the area is very
dense.1. Kedaton2. Air Santosa3. Balulu Madehe4. Ngara lamo5. Sigi Lamo
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Slum buildings growing around the sultan's bridge. According to traditional rules, the area from Kedaton to the Sultan's pier should be free of buildings.
Most of the land in the Sultan Ternate Kedatonarea is already owned by the public and not relatives of the sultan anymore.
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The Oranje fort is in a crowded trading area which reduces the monumental aspect of the building.
Klentheng Thian Hou King, Kalero, Kampung Arab, and Kampung Cina, are also located in the dense and disorganized trade area.
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FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONPlace Your
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• The merge of the city center with large
clusters of cultural heritage causes the
destruction of heritage areas.
• There should be efforts to separate or
maintain a distance between the old or
traditional city and the new city, for
example by moving the city center to
another part of the region.
• According to the Law No. 11/2010 on
Cultural Conservation, there should be a
buffer zone for the core conservation area.
This should also apply to city zoning
arrangements.
Buffer zone
city center displacement
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CONCLUSIONSPlace Your
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• The long neglect of this phenomenon shows a lack of
understanding of the cultural heritage conservation
principles in the sultanate, local government, and the
community.
• The loss of authenticity of the historic area space,
swallowed by the strength of urban development, is a
serious threat to Ternate people.
• It is necessary to have strict regulations and spatial
planning efforts to protect and preserve their cultural
heritage.
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REFERENCESPlace Your
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1. Candrasasmita, Uka.(2001).Struktur Masyarakat Kota Pelabuhan Ternate Abad ke-14.Jakarta: Lintas.
2. Bramastha, Dhi, Rindarjano, M.Gamal, Sarwono. (2015). Proses Keruangan Pelestarian Saujana Budaya Kota (Urban Heritage) Di Kecamatan Laweyan Kota
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6. Ibrahim, Maulana. (2016). A Study on Historic Urban Landscape of Ternate, Indonesia.
7. Amal, Adnan. (2010). Kepulauan Rempah-rempah, Perjalanan Sejarah, Maluku Utara 1250-1950, Jakarta: Gramedia.
8. Nomay, Usman. (2014). Orang Melayu Di Kota Ternate Abad XV-XIV.Vol.20 No.2, p.249. .[Online version via ResearchGate]. [accessed Sep 27 2020].
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11. Musa, Ibnu Rusdi A.R. (2018).Karakteristik Spasial Kawasan Kultural Kesultanan.Vol.5 No.2,p.249. Downloaded from
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12. Tim cermat. (2019). Dermaga Bolulu Madehe, Riwayatmu Kini, Kumparan [Internet] 28th September 2020. Available at
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13. Asriany, Sherly, Ridwan, Barjiah, Umi.(2015).“Sejarah Masjid Sultan Moloku Kie Raha”.Makassar: Pustaka Refleksi
14. Handoko, Wuri. (2015). Tata Kota Islam Ternate: Tinjauan Morfologi dan Kosmologi,p.127. .[Online version via ResearchGate]. [accessed 27 Sep 2020].
15. Anonymous.(2015). Rencana Aksi Kota Pusaka Ternate.Pemerintah Kota Ternate
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Pembelajaran Geografi Di SMA. S2 thesis, UNY.[Online version via https://eprints.uny.ac.id/]. [viewed 27/09/2020]
17. Anonymous.Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Kota Ternate Tahun 2012-2032.Badan Perencana Pembangunan Daerah Kota Ternate.
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19. Djainal, Herry.(2017).Analisis Reklamasi Pantai Kota Ternate Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Lingkungan Fisik Kawasan Pesisir.Vol.16 No.2.Jurnal Teknologi
20. Dalidjo, Nurdiyansyah.(2020). Rumah di Tanah Rempah, Jakarta: Gramedia.
https://kumparan.com/ceritamalukuutara/jejak-orang-china-dan-keberagaman-di-ternate-1sjhrQMrcZB/fullhttps://kumparan.com/ceritamalukuutara/dermaga-bolulu-madehe-riwayatmu-kini-1550751180196275613/fullhttps://bhumi.atrbpn.go.id/
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Thank You
The 20th International Conference on
Sustainable Environment & Architecture
Supported By:Organized By:Presenter Affiliation:
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Affiliation
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