the 2 nd great awakening circa 1790’s – 1840’s church history ii lesson 26
TRANSCRIPT
The 2nd Great Awakening
Circa 1790’s – 1840’s
CHURCH HISTORY IICHURCH HISTORY IILesson 26Lesson 26
Apostolic Church
Apostolic Fathers
Church Councils
Church History
Ca. 30AD 590 AD 1517 AD
Golden Age of Church Fathers
Reformation & Counter Reformation
Rationalism, Revivalism, & Denominationalism
Revivalism, Missions, & Modernism
?
Ancient Church History Medieval Church History Modern Church History
The Pre-Reformers
The First Medieval Pope
The Rise of the Holy Rom Emp
The Crusades
The Papacy in Decline
Four Periods of ‘Awakening’ Activity
I. The Great Awakening (1730’s-1750’s)
II. The 2nd Great Awakening (1790’s-1830”’s)
III. Prayer Meetings through New Pentecostalism (1857-1910’s)
IV. 1940’s – 1950’s Billy Graham
1720’s - The Middle Colonies
1730’s – The New England Colonies
1740 – 1750’s – The Southern Colonies
The 1st Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was a glorious work of God whereby He causeda period of intense spiritual revival and conversions that enlarged thechurch with true members and quickened them to Christian duty.
EVANGELICAL:•Authority of scripture•Necessity of new birth•Intent to spread the gospel•True conversion worked out in the believer’s life
Results of the Great Awakening
1. Conversions2. Increase in churches and church membership3. Increase awareness of the necessity of the new birth4. No tolerance for an unconverted minister5. Building of new evangelical schools:
Princeton
Dartmouth
Rutgers
Brown
6. Calvinism strengthened and preserved in American churches for another hundred years
POSITIVE:
View On “Old Lights” “New Lights”
Revival Anti Pro
Final authority ReasonBible as rule book
Bible is all and all!
Human Nature Basically good, needing education
Sinful needing conversion
JESUS Good moral teacher
Full Diety
Most important emphasis
Morality New Birth
Jonathan Edwards Charles Chauncy
America’s ‘two-party” religious system
Why did religious fervor fade after the 1st Great Awakening?
The Disruption of the American Revolution
The Rise of Deism & French Skepticism
The Scottish revivalist Thomas Chalmers had put it this way: "moonlight preaching ripens no harvest." Religion had become so tepid in the hands of rationalists like Chauncy and Deists like Jefferson, that it had almost no power to change the individual. Just enough of the old faith remained to inoculate people from catching the real thing.
Religious Freedom vs. Uniformity & Establishment
Western Migration
Mass Migration to the Continent
Why did religious fervor fade after the 1st Great Awakening?
The Disruption of the American Revolution
The Rise of English Deism & French Skepticism
The 2nd Great Awakening
East Coast Western Frontier New England
The East Coast
Colleges
Hampton- Sidney College – 1787, students pry for revival
Yale – 1802, Timothy Dwight
Princeton – 1813 Daniel Baker, Pry Mtg 1813 – 1815 40 converted
Harvard, Bowdin, Brown, Dartmouth, Middlebury, Williams, and Andover
Methodism
The Frontier
Logan, Ky - 1797
Camp Meeting
Cane Ridge, Ky - 1801
The Frontier
Logan, Ky - 1797
Cane Ridge - 1801
Methodist Circuit Riders
Camp Meeting
Presbyterian Split
The Cumberland Presbyterian ChurchThe Christian ChurchThe Church of Disciples
The Circuit Riders went after the frontier people.
Francis Ashbury/Peter Cartwright -
Peter Cartwright
Preached, not theological discourses or speculations,but sermons on hell.
His preaching was for thefrontier person who was not attracted to intellectualreligion, but emotionalfaith.
The Frontier
Logan, Ky - 1797
Cane Ridge - 1801
Methodist Circuit Riders
Baptist
Camp Meeting
Presbyterian Split
The Cumberland Presbyterian ChurchThe Christian ChurchThe Church of Disciples
The Circuit Riders went after the frontier people.
Francis Ashbury/Peter Cartwright -
Farmer/Sunday Preacher
New England
Asahel Nettleton
Charles Finney (1792-1875)
Important shift to revivalism as a technique and organized program.You can plan and announce revivals. “New Measures”
Lawyer turned evangelist
Surprising work of God vs. a planned event
Shift to Arminianism away from Calvinism
Social reform must become immediately apart of Christian life
Calvinistic Preacher
The Results of the 2nd Great Awakening
The American Revolution established a new context for the churches, in whichvoluntary patterns for survival and growth had to be established.
The Circuit Rider came into its own as an institution of the American frontier. These men rarely lived to reach middle age. Francis Asbury was the exception. Most died very young and were encouraged not to marry. While the personal price was high, this strategy of intinerating ministers allowed Methodists to direct resources to where settlements were occurring. This afforded a rapid response to population changes, permitting the Methodists to gather persons into a church, and move on. When the circuit rider would revisit--which he did with regularity--he would preach, as well as conduct weddings. A parallel development among Baptists was the ease with which a group of people could gather and call an articulate brother to serve as pastor. This person would farm during the week, and preach on weekends. What these men lacked in education, they made up in sincerity and earnestness, and closeness to his flock.
The Results of the 2nd Great Awakening
The Rise of revivalism – the idea that revivals could be planned.
The American Revolution established a new context for the churches, in whichvoluntary patterns for survival and growth had to be established.
Music and hymns came to be way congregations learned theology. In an environment where there were no opportunities for education, few books, and most did not know how to read, songs could be easily memorized. This was done through "lining" in which someone who could read would line out the song for the other congregants, who would then repeat it. Hymnody gave people a sense of theology in which Divine Providence looks after and cares for human kind. They also reflected the rising anthropology of the frontier. Where people once sang "Devote your sacred head for such a worm as I," the lyrics evolved to "Devote your sacred head for a wretch such as I," to "Devote your sacred head for one such as I." With each change, man's status gets better.
Where the First Great Awakening had been a spontaneous outpouring, the Second Great Awakening quickly became one that was promoted and organized. Techniques that worked were quickly copied such as the Camp Meeting or calling sinners in the congregation by their name.
The Results of the 2nd Great Awakening
The Rise of revivalism – the idea that revivals could be planned.
The American Revolution established a new context for the churches, in whichvoluntary patterns for survival and growth had to be established.
The Democratization of Christianity – Christian organizations based upon theindividual. Away from creeds, confessions. We will see divisions and the riseof denominations and para-church organizations.
The Decline of Calvinism – it will be replaced by Arminian Evangelization
The 2nd Great Awakening will delay the dissent into paganism