the 1920’s after the war…roaring and jazz. life in american after the war??? economy: trying to...
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The 1920’sAfter the war…Roaring and Jazz
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Life in American after the war???
Economy: trying to adjust League of Nations: country divided Returning soldiers: high unemployment Women and minorities: lost jobs Industry: suffering economically (no war) Farming: suffering also
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Nativism Prejudice against people from other
countries Very popular in U.S. after war Anti-immigration Led to policy of Isolationism
U.S. began to shy away from foreign affairs Lasted until WWII
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Communism Economic/political system Dictator ruled govt. system No private property Government ownership of all
businesses “The Red Scare” Leader: Vladimir Lenin Communism spreads to U.S.
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Sacco and Vanzetti Italian immigrants Anarchists (opposed to any
govt.) Evaded draft in WWI Arrested/charged for robbery
& murder of a factory supervisor and his guard
No substantial evidence, but still found guilty
Sentenced to death
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More Problems… Hate groups (KKK)
Against African-Americans and all immigrants
Quotas: limited # of immigrants (per country)
Labor Issues: 3,000 strikes in 1919 Employers often accused striking workers of
being communists.
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Warren G. Harding Became pres. In 1921 Sought a return to “normalcy” Cabinet called the “Ohio Gang”
Friends of Harding Corrupt/graft
Teapot Dome Scandal: Oil reserves transferred and benefited Albert Fall
(Sec. of Interior & friend of Harding) Found guilty of bribery
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New Industries (under Coolidge) Auto:
New roads, urban sprawl, new industries (i.e. gas stations, repair shops, shopping centers, etc.)
Airplane: Mail service, transatlantic flights (Earhart, Lindberg),
passenger flights Appliances:
Irons, refrigerators, stoves, toasters (made life easier for women)
Credit: Installment plans (people wanted to believe economy was
good)
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Prohibition 18th Amendment: production, sale and
transportation of alcohol was prohibited Many believed liquor caused “moral problems” Speakeasies and Bootleggers
Underground nightclubs Smuggled liquor and sold illegally
Organized Crime – Al Capone 21st Amendment: Repealed prohibition
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Scopes Trial Evolution John T. Scopes – biology teacher Clarence Darrow – Scopes’
attorney William Jennings Bryan –
prosecutor Found guilty/fined $100 (until
overturned) Outlawed the teaching of
evolution Fundamentalists – believed the
Bible should be taken literally.
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Women of the 1920’s Flapper
More assertive, new clothes and hair styles, dances
Drinking, smoking, open discussion of sex
Double standard – more sexual freedom for men
Women were working outside of the home Birthrate declined
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Mass Culture Education changed
No longer for just “college bound” Rising literacy rates Reading for entertainment (Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald)
Radio News source Music: Gershwin Emergence of jazz
Entertainment Games, sports, dancing, trends (flagpole sitting)
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Harlem Renaissance African-American art, literature, music,
ideological and political movement Marcus Garvey – believe in a “separate” society Langston Hughes – poet Louis Armstrong – trumpet player Duke Ellington – composer/jazz pianist Bessie Smith – blues singer
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I, Too, Sing America by Langston Hughes I, too, sing America.
I am the darker brother. They send me to eat in the kitchen
When company comes, But I laugh,
And eat well, And grow strong.
Tomorrow, I'll be at the table
When company comes. Nobody'll dare
Say to me, "Eat in the kitchen,"
Then.
Besides, They'll see how beautiful I am
And be ashamed--
I, too, am America.