"that all persons held as slaves" within the

rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."

Emancipation Proclamation• Following one of the few Union victories –

Battle of Antietam (creek)– September 17, 1862– Bloodiest single day in American history

• Morale is waning• Lincoln uses the victory to restore faith in the

Union, rally troops/volunteers and to change to character of the Civil War

Emancipation Proclamation• Applied only to states that had seceded from the Union

• Allowing slavery in the border states that remained with the Union side throughout the war effort

• Exempted parts of the Confederacy that had already fallen under Union control

• Announced the acceptance of black men into the Union Army and Navy (enabling the liberated to be liberators) – first African American regiment 54th Massachusetts

Emancipation Proclamation• Is Lincoln the Confederate president?• Does the Confederacy listen to Lincoln’s

orders?• Does the EP really free any slaves at all?

NO!

Emancipation Proclamation• In reality the Emancipation Proclamation did not free

a single slave because the South did not recognize the statement as binding

• Transformed the character of the war – In addition to trying to reunite the Union, Lincoln now was slowly ending the institution of slavery

• Added a moral force to the Union cause and strengthened the Union both militarily and politically (Northerners felt more unified)

“Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this

continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and

dedicated to the proposition that all men

are created equal.”

Casualties** Killed Wounded Missing Total % of Total

Union 3,155 14,530 5,365 23,040 27%

Confederate 2,600-4,500

12,800 5,250 20,650-25,000*

30%-34%

In three days…right here in Pennsylvania

July 1,2,3, 1863*read G.A. in packet

Gettysburg Address• November 19, 1863• As a dedication to those who perished in this

battle• Speaks to the past, present, and future of this

nation• Offers reason for soldiers to keep fighting

(dedicate oneself to the unfinished work of these fallen soldiers); do not give up