ASPH~LT-OIDER THAN HISTORYAsphalt, that almost indestructible materialused in hundreds of ways in our modern living,is literally older than history. In ancient timesmany prehistoric animals such as thesaber-toothed tiger were caught and swal-lowed up in natural pools of asphalt andtheir skeletons preserved to this day.These so-called natural asphalts are resi-dues from crude oils which have seepedup through fissures and from which thelighter fractions have evaporated overmany thousands of years. Compared toasphalt refined from petroleum, this nat-ural material has found only minor use inrecent years.

Asphalt is an excellent waterproofing material.

The Bible tells us Noah used it to seal his famous Ark.

In the ancient eastern Mediterranean countries, the "cradle of civilization," man ce-mented his building blocks in place with the Asphalt he found in Asphalt pools. Actu-ally, the ancient art of masonry construction developed around this strong mortar.

Infant Moses "Floated" in Asphalt

Everyone knows the Bible story of Moses in the bulrushes. That story also tells us thebasket in which Moses lay was made waterproof with Asphalt.

Columbus Discovers New Caulking Material

Christopher Columbus, fearlessadmiral of the seas, droppedanchor in 1498 off the shores ofan island he named "La Trinidad."According to his own log he"careened his galleons andcaulked their storm-racked seamswith a natural waterproofingsubstance." He had discoveredTrinidad's now-famed naturalAsphalt Lake.

"The Magic Carpet" for Nation's CapitalAsphalt from the same Trinidad Lake was mixed withsand and used in 1876 to pave a modern-type street in Washington,D. C. The street was Pennsylvania Avenue in front of the Capitol.

ROADS .•. THE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA

With the coming of theautomobile, the demandfor dustless, mud less all-weather roads increased.So did the use of Asphaltpaving materials. Asscientists perfectedmethods of distilling crudeoils, refinery products ofthe Asphalt familygradually replacedmaterials taken fromnatural deposits.

Science Opens Many Doors for Use of Asphalt

Scientists found petroleumAsphalt to be one ofnature's most versatileproducts. They refined itinto many different gradesthat permitted engineersto build many kinds ofroad surfaces. Science alsoopened the way forhundreds of other uses forthis wonderful material.

WHAT IS AN ASPHALT PAVEMENT?

An Asphalt pavement can be manythings. It may be just a thin coating ofliquid Asphalt sprayed on a dirt roadto hold down the dust. Or it may be thestrongest pavement of all-theFull-Depth type-built of thick layersof Asphalt mixed with aggregate(crushed stone, slag, gravel or sand)laid on the native earth. Or an Asphaltpavement may be anyone of a variety ofthicknesses and strengths between theseextremes, depending on the traffic thepavement will have to carry. The Asphaltportion of the paving mixture is usuallyonly about 5 or 6 percent of theentire batch.

REFINERY REPLACES NATURETo keep up with the ever-growingdemand for petroleum Asphaltfor highway and industrial uses,the nation's oil refineries areturning out asphalt at a steadilyincreasing rate. In plentifulsupply, America uses about 35million tons of petroleum Asphaltannually, as compared to onlyabout four thousand tons ofimported natural Asphalt.

All asphalts (natural andpetroleum) come fromcrude oil. Asphalt is notto be confused with tar,which comes from coal.

Competitive production-the world-recognizedbasis for our industrialprogress and growingstandard of living-andthe great investment inscientific research havemade the refining ofpetroleum Asphalt acarefully controlledprocess. From the testtubes of industry'sscientist has come thegreat family of Asphaltmaterials ranging fromrock-like solids tofree-flowing liquids.

These remarkablesubstances play manyroles in our daily lives.

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HIGHWAY MILESTONE CHART . . MAN'S PROGRESS TO BETTER LIVING

In father's time, automobile clubs, ciYic groups, and various units of goyern-ment carried out a successful campaign to build a network of roads, notonly connecting our large cities but reaching into Yillages and towns. Thou-sands of miles· of mail routes and farm-to-market roads were payed, too, mostof them with Asphalt.

USES FOR ASPHALT GROW

Among the many modern uses ofAsphalt, home constructionrepresents a major market. LikeNoah in building his Ark, likethe builders of Babylon, we usethis magic material both insideand outside our houses.

Asphalt with its matchlesswaterproofing quality is used morewidely for roofing than any othersubstance. Economical asphaltroofing is highly resistant to fireand practically unaffected byweather changes.

Because of its insulating quality,Asphalt papers and wallboard arewidely used in weatherproofingmodern homes. These materialsare time-savers in constructionand save many times theircost in fuel economy.

Exterior Asphalt sidings areavailable in many attractivepatterns and textures. Interiorwalls of Asphalt-treated materialsdo not chip or crack and haveremarkable soundproofingqualities. Asphalt tile provideslong wearing floors for homesand businesses.

DURABILITY, LONG LIFE STRESSEDAsphalt is used in countlessproducts that serve our dailyneeds, such as paints, papers,coatings, shingles, batterycases, insulation materials,moulded electrical equipment,and hundreds of others.

Asphalt is used to surfacetennis courts, playgrounds,driveways, service stationramps, loading docks, flooringfor farm buildings, warehouses,and industrial docks, and inmany other installationsrequiring a tough and durablesubstance that will withstandheavy loads and abuse.

ASPHALT USED FOR CANALS, IRRIGATION

In ancient Mesopotamia, Asphalt

was used in that culture's massive

irrigation system. Today Asphalt

still is the most economical,

practical and durable of all

materials for lining irrigation and

drainage canals. Structures called

groins, built with Asphalt, protect

our nation's shoreline from

erosion by winds and ocean waves,

as do Asphalt constructed jetties

and sea walls.

Asphalt-lined reservoirs prevent seepage losses of valuable water.Asphalt paving protects our great irrigation dams from theravages of nature.

MODERN AIRPORT RUNWAY CONSTRUCTIONRunways, taxiways and aprons of our great modern airports whichmust carry the tremendously heavy loads of today's big airlinersare Asphalt-paved. The runways of most military airfields, too,are constructed with Asphalt.

THROUGH THE QUIET COUNTRYSIDE ...

The finest of Asphalt super-highways would be useless withoutalso having connecting roadsthat enable us to reach ourdestination smoothly and safely-to our isolated parks, places ofinterest, farms and small villages.This connecting secondary systemof roads is almost universallysurfaced with Asphalt.

OR A BUSY CITY •••As we drive along a busy city street, we thinklittle of the problems engineers face inmaintaining a smooth driving surface. Wenever give a thought to the fact that in ayear's time a single street may have beendug up in dozens of places to permit understreet repairs to utilities, sewers, watermains, etc. This constant "surgery" has littleeffect on the continued smoothness of thesurface ... Asphalt surfaces heal readilyand smoothly.

OR A BUSTLING SUBURB •••The modern shopping center cannot existwithout parking space. Most of the parkingareas that surround these suburban centersare surfaced with Asphalt pavement.

SOMETHING OLD UNDER THE SUNA French philosopher once wrote: "The more things change, themore they remain the same." Man has come a long way sinceNoah floated his ark. Yet, nature's oldest product-Asphalt-is stillmortaring the building blocks of our high-speed civilization. Thenext time you go motoring notice the many miles of brand newasphalt pavements you travel on-smooth and quiet and easy on theeyes. Here is the Magic Carpet that will carry you right into theTwenty-first Century.

Asphalt-out of the past to serve America today and tomorrow.

EXECUTIVE OFFICES AND RESEARCH CENTER

Asphalt Institute Building

College Park, Maryland 20740

The Asphalt Institute is an international, nonprofit association sponsored bymembers of the petroleum asphalt industry to serve both users and producersOf asphaltic materialslhrough programs of engineering service, research andeducation. Membership is limited to refiners of asphalt from crude petroleum,and to processors manUfacturing finiShed paving asphalts and/or non-

ALLIED MATERIALS CORPORATION, Oklahoma City

AMOCO OIL COMPANY, ChicagoARCO PETROLEUM PRODUCTS COMPANY, Philadelphia

ASFALTOS ESPANOLES, S.A., Madrid, Spain

ASHLAND PETROLEUM CO., Ashland, KentuckyASPHALT MATERIALS, INC., IndianapolisBP CANADA LIMITED, Montreal. Quebec, CanadaBRITISH PETROLEUM COMPANY, LIMITED, THE, London, EnglandBYERLYTE COMPANY OF KOPPERS COMPANY, INC., PittsburghCENEX, Laurel, MontanaCHEVRON U.S,A. INC., San FranciscoCOMPANIA ESPANOLA OE PETRO LEOS, S.A" Madrid, SpainCONOCO INC., HoustonDELTA REFINING COMPANY, Memphis, TennesseeDOUGLAS OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA, Los Angeles, Costa MesaEDGINGTON OIL COMPANY, INC., Long Beach, CaliforniaEGYPTIAN GENERAL PETROLEUM CORP., THE, Cairo, EgyptELF FRANCE, Paris, FranceENERGY COOPERATIVE, INC" ChicagoEXXON COMPANY, U.S.A" HoustonEXXON CORPORATION, New YorkGULF CANADA PRODUCTS COMPANY, A Division of Gulf Canada Limited,

Toronto, Ontario, CanadaHUNT OIL COMPANY, DallasHUSKY OIL MARKETING LTD" Calgary, Alberta, CanadaIMPERIAL OIL LIMITED, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaINDUSTRIA lTALIANA PETROLI SpA, Genoa, ItalyJOROAN PETROLEUM REFINERY COMPANY LTD" Amman, JordanKERR·McGEE REFINING CORPORATION, Oklahoma CityKOCH ASPHALT COMPANY, Wichita. KansasLAG OVEN, S.A" Caracas, VenezuelaLAKETON ASPHALT REFINING, INC" Evansville, Indiana

MACMILLAN RING-FREE OIL CO., INC., £1 Dorado, ArkansasMARATHON OIL COMPANY, Findlay, OhioMOBIL OIL CORPORATION, New YorkMOBIL OIL CORPORATION-M&R Div,-lnt'I" New YorkNATIONAL REFINERY LIMITED, Karachi, PakistanNEWHALL REFINING CO" INC., Newhall, CaliforniaAB NYNAS PETROLEUM, Stockholm, SwedenOXNARO REFINERY, Oxnard, CaliforniaPAZ OIL COMPANY LTD., Haifa, IsraelPETROFINA CANADA LTO" Montreal, Quebec, CanadaPETROPHIL CORPORATION, Rizal (Metro Manila). PhilippinesPHILLIPS PETROLEUM COMPANY, Bartlesville, OklahomaPOWERINE OIL COMPANY, Santa Fe Springs, CaliforniaSAN JOAQUIN REFINING COMPANY, INC., Bakersfield, CaliforniaSEMINOLE REFINING, INC" SI. Marks, FloridaSHELL CANADA L1MITEO, Toronto, Onlario, CanadaSHELL CURACAO N.V" Emmastad, Curacao, NetherlandS AntillesSHELL INTERNATIONAL PETROLEUM COMPANY LIMITED, London, EnglandSHELL OIL COMPANY, HoustonSOUTHLAND OIL COMPANY, Jackson, MississippiSTANDARO OIL COMPANY, THE (Ohio), ClevelandSUN PETROLEUM PRODUCTS COMPANY, PhiladelphiaTOSCO CORPORATION, EI Dorado, ArkansasTOTAL PETROLEUM, INC., Alma, MichiganTURKISH PETROLEUM CO._IZMIR REFINERY, Alsancak-Izmir, TurkeyU.S. OIL & REFINING CO., Tacoma, WashingtonVULCAN REFINING COMPANY, Cordova, AlabamaWARRIOR ASPHALT COMPANY OF ALABAMA, INC., Tuscaloosa, AlabamaWITC~ CHEMI.C~L CORPORATION_Golden Bear Division, Los Angeles;

Pioneer DIVIsion, New YorkZIEGLER CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP., Great Neck, New York

WASHINGTON, D.C._IAddress: 6200 Monlro~e Rd., Rockville, Md. 20852)(J01) 468-6790, Connecticut, Delaware, Dlstric~ of Columbia, Kentucky,Maine, Maryland. Massachusetts, New Hampshlrl1, New Jersey, New York,Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia

NEW YORK, N.Y.-{Address: 23 North Avenue East, Cranford, N.J. 01016),(201) 212-3660, New York City, Westchester County, Long Island, Delaware,New Jersey

ALBANY, N.Y. 12205-6 Airline Or., (518) 869-2335, New York State exceptNew York City, Westchester County, Long Island

BOSTON, MASS.-(Address:. 599 North Ave., Door 9, Wakefield 018~0),(611) 245·6046, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New HampShire,Rhode Island, Yermont

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COLUMBUS, OHIO 43215-41 S. High St., Suite 101, (614) 224·3265, Ohio

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RICHMOND, YA. 23230-2120 Staples Mill Road, (804) 353-3826, District ofColumbia, Maryland, Virginia

JACKSON, MISS. ~9206-41s.comet.l;Irive, Suite 3, 1.601) 981·3417,.Alabama,

~~~~,s~~ur~o~~~Oli~~~r¥~~n~~~~~I,a~:~a~i{~~~~gf'EI NpO;~~;r~~llna, Okla-

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