thamirabarani river basin report...
TRANSCRIPT
Thamirabarani river basin report
Introduction
The Tamiraparani River Basin is one of the 17 river basins and having 7 sub
basins and covers the district of Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi.Tamiraparani River
Basin lies between geographic co-ordinates N. lat.8º 26’ 45” to 9º 12’ 00” and E.
long 77º 09’ 00” to 78º 08’30” and falls within the survey of India Degree sheets
58G, 58 H and 58 L. The entire basin covers an area of about 5717.08 sq. km and
lies in the revenue districts of Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi taluk of Thoothukudi
District in southern Tamil Nadu. The index map is given in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Index Map of Thamirabarani River Basin
The total extent of the basin area is covered within the administrative boundaries of
Sankarankoil, Tenkasi, Shencottah, Alangulam, Ambasamudram, Nanguneri,
Sivagriri, Veerakeralamputhu, Palayamkottai & Tirunelveli taluk of Tirunelveli
District, and Kovilpatti, Ottapidaram, Srivaikundam and Thoothukudi taluks of
Thoothukudi District.This basin area is bounded on the north by Vaippar river basin
and on the south by Nambiyar and Kodaiyar river basins. The eastern ridges of the
western Ghats which is the interstate boundary of Tamilnadu and Kerela- forms
the western boundary of the basin.While the Gulf of Mannar forms the eastern
boundary of the basin. The length of basin is about 126 km and its width varies
from 20 to 85 kms.
Figure 2 Administrative Map of Thamirabarani River Basin
The sub basins forn=ming the Thamirabarani river basin are Chittar,
Uppodai, Gatana, Manimuthar, Pachchaiar, Upper Thamirabarani and Lower
Thamirabarani. The base map is given in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Base Map of Thamirabarani River Basin
Drainage
Tamiraparani and its tributaries originate at the eastern slope of Western Ghats
ridge connecting Aduppkkal Mottai, Agasthiyamalai and Chemmunji Mottai etc., at an
altitude of 1869 m (6132 ft.). More than 12 (Twelve) tributaries join the river as it runs
down, of which Servalar, Manimuthar, Gadana nadhi, Pachaiar and Chittar can be termed
as major ones. Tamiraparani after travelling a distance of 22 km from its origin is jointed
by its tributary Servalar. The Manimuthar originates from the Mukkuttukal and confluence
with Tamiraparani at its 36th km. The tributary Gadana nadhi joins Tamiraparani on its
left at the 43rd km. The river flows through Cheranmahadevi Town and takes in the next
tributary (viz.) pachayaru on its right. Tamiraparani thereafter winds it way through
Tirunelveli and at a distance of 73 km from its origin, its tributary Chittar confluence with
it near Sivlapperi. From this point, the river flow southwards and then eastwards and at its
96th km, the Srivaikundam anicut spans across the river, Then the river Tamiraparani, after
traversing another 30 km drains into the Gulf of Mannar, just south of the village,
Palayakayal . The drainage map of Thamirabarani river basin is given in Figure 4.
Figure 4 Drainage Map of Thamirabarani River Basin
Geology
Tamiraparani River Basin comprises of crystalline rocks of Archaean age on
the western portion and sedimentary rocks of tertiary and quarternary age on the
eastern coastal area. The geology map of the Thamirabarani river basin is given in
Figure 5.
Figure 5 Geology Map of Thamirabarani River Basin
Subrecent to recent quarternary formations are represented in this area in the form
of laterite, Kankar and tufa, shell limestone, alluvium, teri-sands, Aeolian sands coastal
alluvium and soils in the extreme eastern part of the basin area.
Lineament
The linears be joints, fractures, foliations, drainage courses or contacts of different
formations. Out of these 19 lineaments are controlling the flow pattern and major river
course of this basin. Some of them are probable fault, fractured zones and geological
contact zone. The lineament map of Thamirabarani river basin is given in Figure 6.
Figure 6 Lineament Map of Thamirabarani River Basin
Geomorphology
The Tamiraparani Basin area is covered by structural hills in the west and
pediplain areas in the middle and a widened coastal plain in the east.
Table 1 Geomorphology in Tamiraparani river (Area Coverage Detail)
Geomorphic Unit Area in Sq.Km Percentage%
Swales 11.29 0.20
Flood Plain (inclusion of Paleo channel) 645.60 11.40
Valley fill 70.08 1.24
Interdunal Depression 14.24 0.25
Sand Dune (Active) 41.66 0.74
Sand dune (Stabilized) 76.12 1.34
Bazada 226.83 4.01
Old River Course 60.53 1.07
Duri Crust 17.72 0.31
Pediment 347.99 6.15
Pediment (Black cotton soil covered) 121.20 2.14
Pediment (predominantly outcrop) 1708.61 30.18
Buried pediment Shallow I 250.92 4.43
Buried Pediment Shallow (Moderate) II 598.65 10.58
Buried Pediment Shallow (Deep) III 349.07 6.17
Buried Pediment (Deep) 37.16 0.66
Composite Slope 388.72 6.87
Structural Hill 630.52 11.14
Tank 39.12 0.69
Back water 24.94 0.44
Total Geographic Area 5717.08 100.00
Landuse
The landuse classification of Thamirabarani river basin is given in Table 2.
Table 2 Landuse Classifications in Tamiraparani River Basin
SL.
NO.
LANDUSE CATEGORY AREA IN
SQ.KM.
PERCENTAGE
%
Ist Level IInd Level
1 Built up Land Settlement 173.24
3.03
2
Crop Land
Dry Land
Paddy, Sugarcane, Banana
Groundnut, Cholam,
floriculture
Groves
988.46
166.46
17.29
2.91
3
Forest Land
Dense Forest
Dense Forest and Plantation
Medium Dense Forest
Shrubs
Reserve Forest
991.49
33.57
17.34
0.59
4
Waste Land
Barren Sand,
Barren land,
Barren Land covered by
Outcrop
Duri crust
Salt Pan & Sand Dune
39.40
1689.95
1501.92
40.49
80.11
0.69
29.56
26.27
0.71
1.40
5
Water Bodies
Tanks & Rivers 11.99
0.21
Total Geographical Area
5717.08
100
The landuse map is given in Figure 7.
Figure 7 Landuse Map of Thamirabarani River Basin
Wasteland
A major portion of wasteland in this basin is falling under barren land area which
is blanketing the hard rock terrain (Area 1689.95 sq.km, covering 30 % of total area
5717.08 sq.km) and next comes the sand and sand dunes and salt pan which covers 80.11
sq.km with 1.45 % coverage in the coastal zone.
Table3 Wasteland –Classification in Tamiraparani River Basin
Sl.
No.
Wasteland Category Area in
Sq.Km
Percentage
%
1. Barren Land 1689.95 29.56
2. Barren Land covered by outcrop 1501.92 26.27
3. Barren Sand 39.40 0.69
4. Duri crust 40.49 0.71
6. Sand dune and Salt pan 80.11 1.40
7. Other than wasteland category 2365.21 41.37
Total 5717.08 100
The wasteland map is given in Figure 8.
Figure 8 Wasteland with Lineament Map of Thamirabarani River Basin
Soils
The soil map is given in Figure 9.
Figure 9 Soil Map of Thamirabarani River Basin
Population in Tamiraparani River Basin
21% of total area of Thoothukudi District (974 sq.km out of 4621 sq.km) and 70
% of total area of Tirunelveli District (4743 sq.km out of 6810 sq.km) falls in
Tamiraparani River Basin. The total population in Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi districts
and population in Tamiraparani Basin in the two districts as per census 2011 is given in
Table 4 and 5 below:
Table 4 District wise Population Details of Tamiraparani River Basin
Sl.No Name of the
District
Total Population
(in million)
Population in
Tamiraparani Basin
(in Million)
Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total
1 Thoothukudi 0.867 0.871 1.738 0.370 0.244 0.614
2 Tirunelveli 1.552 1.521 3.073 1.060 1.280 2.340
Total 2.419 2.392 4.811 1.430 1.524 2.954
Source: Census 2011
Table 5 Sub Basin wise Population in Tamiraparani River Basin
Sl.No Name of the Sub
Basin
Population in million
Rural Urban Total
1 Upper Tamiraparani 0.020 0.048 0.068
2 Manimuthar 0.003 0.020 0.023
3 Gadana Nadhi 0.142 0.067 0.209
4 Pachaiyar 0.047 0.021 0.068
5 Chittar 0.478 0.473 0.951
6 Uppodai 0.214 0.102 0.316
7 Lower Tamiraparani 0.526 0.793 1.319
Total 1.430 1.524 2.954
Source: Census 2011
Population Density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area.The Sub Basin wise
population density of Tamiraparani River Basin is given in Table 6. The population
density is higher in Lower Tamiraparani sub Basin (734 persons per sq.km) and lower in
Manimuthar sub Basin (128 Persons per sq.km).
Table 6 Sub Basin wise population density in the Tamiraparani River Basin
Sl.
No
Name of the sub
Basin
Area
(Sq.km)
Total poulation
2014
Density
(Person/Sq.km)
1 Upper Tamiraparani 514.33 71135 138
2 Manimuthar 191.54 24570 128
3 Gadana Nadhi 446.83 218670 489
4 Pachaiyar 288.53 71244 247
5 Chittar 1662.50 999094 601
6 Uppodai 721.70 330597 458
7 Lower
Tamiraparani 1891.64 1388030 734
Total 5717.07 3103340
Average population Density 543
Hydrometeorology
Raingauge stations
The district wise rain gauge stations available in Thamirabarani river basin is
given in Table 7.
Sl.No. District
No. of
influencing
Raingauge
stations
1 Tirunelveli 12
2 Thoothukudi 4
Total 16
Dependable Rainfall
The 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% dependable rainfall for Tamiraparani basin are
tabulated below in Table 9.
Table 9 Dependable Rainfall in mm – Tamiraparani Basin
Sl.
No
Name of the
Sub-basin 25% 50% 75% 90%
1 Upper Tamiraparani 237.86 180.63 131.15 109.26
2 Manimuthar 63.88 48.61 33.49 19.36
3 Gadana Nadhi 119.67 98.89 79.12 60.78
4 Pachaiyar 51.04 38.01 23.01 17.22
5 Chittar 415.24 324.46 247.97 156.84
6 Uppodai 130.21 97.91 68.17 39.61
7 Lower Tamiraparani 338.64 242.05 200.57 112.22
Maximum, minimum and average rainfall
The maximum, minimum and average annual rainfall for the seven sub basins have
been analysed as given below;
Maximum Rainfall of this basin is 2969.00 mm [Manimuthar] in the year 1979-80.
Minimum Rainfall of this basin is 252.63 mm [Uppodai] in the year 1986-87.
Average Annual rainfall of the Tamiraparani basin is 985.77 mm.
Aridity Index for Climatic Classification
The aridity Index for climatic classification for Thamirabarani river basin is
given in Table 10.
Table 10 Aridity Index (Ia) For Climatic Classification
S.No. Name of Stations
Annual Ave.
Precipitation
P mm
PET
(Avg)
mm
Total
deficit
P-PET
mm
Ia
Aridity
Index
Classification
1 Kayathar 621.96 1521.00 -899.04 -59.11 Semi Arid
2 Kovilpatti Revenue 765.08 1521.00 -755.92 -49.70 Semi Arid
3 Srivaigundam 643.22 1521.00 -877.78 -57.71 Semi Arid
4 Tiruchendur 771.01 1521.00 -749.99 -49.31 Semi Arid
5 Ayikudi 752.30 1521.00 -768.70 -50.54 Semi Arid
6 Karuppanadhi Dam 766.45 1521.00 -754.55 -49.61 Semi Arid
7 Senkottai 1482.74 1521.00 -38.26 -2.52 Dry humid
8 Ambasamudram 1055.74 1521.00 -465.26 -30.59 Dry humid
9 Gadana Dam 1078.90 1521.00 -442.10 -29.07 Dry humid
10 Sankarankoil 695.11 1521.00 -825.89 -54.30 Semi Arid
11 Nanguneri 729.63 1521.00 -791.37 -52.03 Semi Arid
12 Manimuthar SRG 1196.28 1521.00 -324.72 -21.35 Dry humid
13 Cheranmadevi 755.95 1521.00 -765.05 -50.30 Semi Arid
14 Palayamkottai 704.87 1521.00 -816.13 -53.66 Semi Arid
15 Tirunelveli 584.37 1521.00 -936.63 -61.58 Semi Arid
16 Papanasam Dam Camp 1512.63 1521.00 -8.37 -0.55 Dry humid
Climate
Two weather stations namely Kalampatti (Uppodai sub basin), Cheranmadevi
(Lower Tamiraparani) are in this basin. With the available data, Potential
Evapotranspiration collected from SG & SWRDC are 1502 mm and 1540 mm for the
Stations Kalampatti and Cheranmadevi respectively. The Location details of weather
stations considered for analysis are furnished in Table 11
Table 11 Weather Stations
Sl.No Name of the weather
station District Sub-basin
Maintained
by
1 Kalampatti Thoothukudi Uppodai PWD
2 Cheranmadevi Thirunelveli Lower
Tamiraparani PWD
The climatological values of this river basin are given in Table 12.
Table 12 Climatological Parameters
Sl.
No
Climatological Parameter
(Annual Average)
Cheranmadevi
1 Average monthly temperature
Maximum in 0 Celsius
32.66
2 Average monthly temperature
Minimum in 0 Celsius 25.82
3 Average mean temperature in 0 Celsius 29.24
4 Average relative humidity in % 70.35
5 Average wind velocity in km/hour 2.17
6 Average Sunshine hours / day 5.41
7 Average Pan Evaporation in mm/month 166.31
Sl.
No
Climatological Parameter
(Annual Average)
Kalampatti
1 Average monthly temperature
Maximum in 0 Celsius
31.97
2 Average monthly temperature
Minimum in 0 Celsius 25.60
3 Average mean temperature in 0 Celsius 28.79
4 Average relative humidity in % 73.01
Eto values (mm/month) of FCS for Thamirabharani basin
Name of
the basin
& FCS
JA
N
FE
B
MA
R
AP
R
MA
Y
JU
N
JU
L
AU
G
SE
P
OC
T
NO
V
DE
C
Average
Thamirab
arani
basin -
Kalampat
ti FCS
115
.4
113
.8
126
.8
136
.8
144
.8
130
.4
125
.1
124
.6
117
.1
124
.8
118
.6
123
.7
125
.2
Surface water potential
The Tamiraparani system is one among the oldest irrigation systems in Tamilnadu.
The river basin is divided into 7 sub basins namely Upper Tamiraparani, Manimuthar,
Gadananadhi, Pachaiyar, Chittar, Uppodai and Lower Tamiraparani.
There are 8 anicuts across Tamiraparani Main River. There are 17 anicuts across
Chittar, 12 anicuts across Pachaiyar, 7 anicuts under Gadananadhi, 9 anicuts under
Ramanadhi and 56 anicuts in the tributaries of Chittar. The last anicut i.e., Srivaikuntam
anicut was constructed in 1873 and other anicuts were constructed well before this.
The irrigation System Map showing the locations of Reservoirs and Anicuts are
5 Average wind velocity in km/hour 3.32
6 Average Sunshine hours / day 7.19
7 Average Pan Evaporation in mm/month 161.34
given in Figure 10.The Tamiraparani and Chittar river flow diagrams are given in Figure
11 and Figure 12.
Figure 10 Irrigation System Map of Thamirabarani River Basin
Figure 11 Flow Diagram of Thamirabarani River Basin
Figure 12 Flow Diagram of Chittar River Basin
Reservoirs
Tamiraparani irrigation system is one of the major systems in Tamil Nadu with a
command of about 1, 28,779 ha. Tamiraparani river has a perennial flow regulated by
Papanasam and Servalar reservoirs, which impound the flows of Tamiraparani and
Servalar rivers. Flows are regulated to meet out irrigation demands and to produce
hydroelectric power. The details of the reservoirs, anicuts, tanks and channels are given
in the tables 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17.
Table 13 Reservoirs details of Tamiraparani River Basin
Sl.
No.
Name of the
Dam/Reservoir
Capacity
MCM
Catchment
Sq. Km
Water Spread
Area (Sq.km.)
Ayacut
Ha.
1. Papanasam 155.76 193.02 2.24 34848
2. Servalar 35.00 110.00 100.00 34848
3. Manimuthar 156.00 162.00 9.398 8093.89
4. Vandalodai 1.64 13.33 0.48 49.15
5. Gadana 12.14 46.46 0.797 3794.54
6. Ramanadhi 4.30 16.60 0.31 2000
7. Vadakku Pachaiyar 12.51 35.09 1.85 3050
8. Gundar 0.71 9.92 0.14 454.06
9. Mottaiyar Reservoir 0.19 3.45 0.04 904.4
10. Adavinainar Koil 4.92 15.54 0.26 3093.14
11. Karuppanadhi 5.24 29.34 0.39 3850.57
Total 388.41 634.75 115.905 94985.75
Anicuts
Table 14 Details of Anicuts, Channels, Command Area and Tanks in Tamiraparani River
Sl.
No.
Name of
Anicuts
Name of the
Channels
Channel
Length
(Km)
Command Area (Ha) No.
of
Tanks Direct Indirect Total
1 Kodaimelalagian
North
Kodaimelalagian 18.51 513.98 393.38 907.36 20
South
Kodaimelalagian 8.64 357.06 -- 357.06 --
2 Nadhiyunni Nadhiyunni 11.55 1133.75 -- 1133.75 --
3 Kannadian Kannadian 33.95 4181.20 879.82 5061.02 16
4 Ariyanayakipuram Kodagan 29.04 1147.71 1280.46 2428.16 17
5 Pazhavoor Palayam 42.46 1335.02 2509.06 3844.08 59
6 Suthamalli Tirunelveli 29.14 1034.85 1559.16 2594.00 23
7 Marudur Melakkal 19.84 1843.62 3329.86 5173.48 16
Keelakkal 17.92 1202.89 1952.60 3155.49 15
8 Srivaikundam South Main 33.87 1090.28 4075.71 5165.99 15
North Main 36.32 1330.77 3850.61 5181.38 6
Table 15 Anicuts across the River in Tamiraparani Basin:
Sl.No. Name of River No. of Anicuts
1 Tamiraparani 8
2 Manimuthar 1
3 Gadana 7
4 Ramanadhi 9
5 Jambunadhi 4
6 Pachiyar 12
7 Chittar Main 17
Table 16 Tributaries of Chittar
Sl.No. Name of River No. of Anicuts
1 Ayndaruviar 4
2 Hariharanadhi
Gundar (Sub tributary)
8
7
3 Aludhakanniar
8
4 Hanumanadhi
Karuppanadhi (Sub tributary)
15
6
5 Uppodai 3
Total 109
In Tamiraparani basin, most of the big tanks are provided with shutters on the
surplus weir, which are manually controlled. There are very few tanks with
uncontrolled weirs. However, the surplus weirs of all the small tanks are uncontrolled.
These tanks do require periodical and annual maintenance.
Table 17 Tank Details of Tamiraparani River Basin
Sl.
No. Name of the Sub basin
Total Tanks
Nos. Capacity in Mcum Ayacut in Ha
1 Upper Tamiraparani 66 13.67 1063.23
2 Manimuthar 9 0.52 187.45
3 Gadana 120 15.16 2934.12
4 Pachaiyar 62 15.94 2364.14
5 Chittar 429 113.40 29708.3
6 Uppodai 29 25.28 2078.18
7 Lower Tamiraparani 344 210.13 22890.39
Total 1059 394.112 61225.8
Surface Water potential:
Surface water potential is computed by three methods.
A. Rainfall-runoff coefficient method
In this method, a coefficient of 0.15 for the plains and 0.20 for hilly terrains was used to
arrive at the basin yield. The basin yield works out to 848.53 Mcum
B. Surface water potential by Monthly Runoff Simulation (MRS) model
According to this model, the basin yield works out to 883 Mcum
C. Surface water potential by NWDA Approach
According to this method, the basin yield works out to 875.61 Mcum
Total surplus across Srivaikundam anicut at 75% dependability is 57.60 Mcum.
So the total surface utilizable surface water potential is 825.4 Mcum
As the MRS model considers individual monthly rainfall values for analysis, the
75% dependable Annual Surface water potential, calculated using MRS model is taken
for Water Balance calculations.
Table 12: 75% Dependable Surface Water Potential for the Thamirabarani River
Basin
Sl. No. Name of Sub basin
75% Dependable Surface Water Potential in
Mcum
SW NE NM Annual
1. Upper Tamiraparani 14.14 86.76 30.25 131.15
2. Manimuthar 8.40 14.30 10.79 33.49
3. Gadana Nadhi 8.96 81.07 8.86 98.89
4. Pachaiyar 4.52 8.27 10.22 23.01
5. Chittar 28.71 156.85 62.41 247.97
6. Uppodai 6.60 51.96 9.61 68.17
7. Lower Tamiraparani 19.36 105.04 76.18 200.57
Total 90.69 504.25 208.32 803.25
South West Monsoon Potential
North East Monsoon Potential
Non Monsoon Potential
Annual Potential
90.69 (or) 91 Mcum
504.25 (or) 504 Mcum
208.32 (or) 208 Mcum
803.25 (or) 803 Mcum
Inter Basin Transfer of Water (from Tamiraparani River Basin to Kallar)
Formation of flood carrier canal from Kannadian Channel to drought prone area
of Sathankulam, Thisaiyanvilai by interlinking Tamiraparani, Karumeniyar and
Nambiyar rivers in Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi districts of Tamil Nadu
The scheme is proposed for interlinking of rivers Tamiraparani, Karumeniyar
and Nambiyar by diverting surplus flood water from Tamiraparani river, through its
existing Kannadian channel to drought prone areas of Sattankulam and Thisayanvilai. It
is proposed to utilize 2765 Mcft of water out of 10800 Mcft of water which goes to sea
as surplus water from Tamiraparani river. Due to implementation of this scheme
23040Ha of lands benefitted besides fulfilling the drinking water problem in this area.
Ground water potential
Occurrence of groundwater in sevensub basins of Tamiraparani River Basin
Table 18 presents the number of wells in every sub basin of Tamiraparani Basin
and the geological formations in which these wells are sunk. The observation wells data
reveals that the geological formations in Tamiraparani Basin commonly comprises of
Charnockite, Gneiss, Calcareous Gneiss, Granitic Gneiss, Alluvium/Sand and
Gondwana.It is obvious that most of the wells are sunk in Charnockite, Gneiss,
Calcareous Gneiss,Granitic Gneiss and Alluvium formations.
Table 18 Extent of hilly area and number of observation wells in geological
formations
Sl.
No. Sub Basin
Hilly
Area
(Sq.Km)
% of
Hilly
Area
Geological formations & no. of observation wells
ALV CGN CNK GGN GNS GWA GRT
1 Upper
Tamiraparani 409.43 79.60 - - 1 - - - -
2 Manimuthar 168.28 87.86 - - 1 - - - -
3 Gadana 103.53 23.17 - - 6 - 1 - -
4 Pachaiyar 94.12 32.62 - - 1 - 1 - 1
5 Chittar 259.65 15.62 - 1 9 1 12 - -
6 Uppodai 1.27 0.18 - - 3 - 6 - -
7 Lower
Tamiraparani 30.57 1.62 5 1 6 - 17 - 1
Total 1066.86 5 2 27 1 37 - 2
Note:
ALV - Alluvium/Sand CGN- Calcareous Gneiss GNS - Gneiss
CNK - Charnockite GGN -Granitic GneissGWA- Gondwana
GRT - Granite
Ground water potential in the basin
The sub basin wise groundwater potential is presented in Table 19.
Categorisation of blocks
The Change in classification of blocks in Tamiraparani Basin based on
the level of Ground Water Development from 2003 to 2009 is given in Table 20.
Table 20 Categorization of blocks in Thamirabarani river Basin
Table-19 Ground Water Potential Calculation as on Mar
2013
Name of District
covered
Area
covered
in %
Net water
available
Ground
water
potential
District wise
Thirunelveli 76.3 90839.84 69310.8
Thoothukudi 23.28 50683.95 11799.22
Kanyakumari 0.41 23958.61 98.23
Total 81208.25 Ha.m
812.0825 M.cum
Sl.
No. Block District
Categorisation
of Block (2003)
Categorisation
of Block (2009)
1 Alankulam
Tirunelveli
Semi Critical Semi Critical
2 Ambasamudram Safe Safe
3 Cheranmadevi Safe Safe
4 Kadayam Safe Safe
5 Kadayanallur Semi Critical Semi Critical
6 Kalakkadu Safe Safe
7 Keelapavoor Semi Critical Crtical
8 Kurivikulam Semi ctitical Over Exploited
9 Manur Safe Safe
10 Meenalithanallur
Tirunelveli
Over Exploited Over Exploited
11 Nanguneri Safe Safe
12 Palayamkottai Safe Safe
13 Pappakudi Safe Saf
14 Sankarankoil Over Exploited Over Exploited
15 Senkottai Safe Safe
16 Tenkasi Safe Safe
17 Vasudevanallur Semi Critical Semi Critical
18 Alwarthirunagar Thoothukudi
Safe Safe
19 Karunkulam
Semi Critical Safe
20 Kayathar
Thoothukudi
Over Exploited Semi Critical
21 Kovilpatti Over Exploited Semi Critical
22 Ottapidaram Over Exploited Over Exploited
23 Satankulam Over Exploited Over Exploited
24 Srivaikundam Semi Critical Safe
25 Thiruchendur Semi Critical Safe
26 Tuticorin Over Exploited Critical
27 Udangudi Over Exploited Over Exploited
Present and future water demands
Domestic water demand
The population of Tamiraparani River Basin arrived is projected and the
domestic water demand for the present year 2017 and the target years 2020, 2030, 2040
& 2050 are given in Table 21.
Table 21 Domestic water demand projection for Thamirabarani Basin
Year Population Demand
2011
Urban 614000 MLD M.cum
Rural 2340000
2011 (As given by
local bodies)
Urban 1364558 132.60 71.61
Rural 1589442 63.58
2017
Urban 1536714 149.26 79.56
Rural 1717518 68.70
2020
Urban 1630773 158.40 83.88
Rural 1785376 71.42
2030
Urban 1987903 193.09 100.14
Rural 2031534 81.26
2040
Urban 2423243 235.38 119.66
Rural 2311631 92.47
2050
Urban 2953920 286.93 143.13
Rural 2630347 105.21
Rural=> Corporation +Municipality + Town Panchayat
Industrial water demand
The estimated value of Industrial Water Demand in Tamiraparani River Basin for the
present year and for the target years 2020, 2030,2040 and 2050 are given in Table 22.
The total Industrial water demand of Tamiraparani River Basin for the years
2017,2020,2030, 2040 & 2050 is estimated as 63.24 Mcum, 79.98 Mcum, 172.04 Mcum,
371.06 Mcum & 801.63 Mcum respectively
Table 22 WATER DEMAND CALCULATION FOR SMALL, MEDIUM AND LARGE INDUSTRIES BASED ON INDUSTRY CENSUS AS TAKEN FROM
IWS
Sl.
No.
Type of
industry
Average
Rate of
Water
consumption
as given in
IWS m3/day
2014 2017 2020 2030 2040 2050
No. of
industry
as per
IWS
Water
Demand
No. of
industry
Water
Demand
No. of
industry
Water
Demand
No. of
industry
Water
Demand
No. of
industry
Water
Demand
No. of
industry
Water
Demand
1
Small scale
industry 2.5 1033 0.94 1301 1.19 1639 1.5 3539 3.23 7640 6.97 16495 15.05
2
Medium &
large scale
industry 2500 54 49.28 68 62.05 86 78.48 185 168.81 399 364.09 862 786.58
Total
Demand in
M.Cum 50.22 63.24 79.98 172.04 371.06 801.63
Total water demand
The total water demand of Thamirabarani basin for the present year 2017 and the projected target years 2020, 2030 & 2040 are worked out as
1256.94 Mcum, 1277.46 Mcum, 1385.10 Mcum & 1604.22 Mcum respectively.
Table 27
Sl.
No
Name of
the
basin
Area of
the
basin
(in
Sq.Km)
No. of
Sub
basins
Yea
r
Demand of water in various sectors (MCM) Water availabilty (MCM)
Surplu
s /
Deficit
in
Mcum
Irrigation Domestic Industries Live
stocks
Other
s Total
Surface
water
potentia
l
Ground
water
potentia
l
Quantit
y of
recycled
water
from
Sewage
Quantit
y of
water
from
desilting
Total
1 Thamira
barani 5717.08 7
2017 1054.57 79.56 63.24 59.57 0.00 1256.94 883.00 812.08 123.81 44.88 1739.96 483.02
2020 1054.57 83.88 79.98 59.03 0.00 1277.46 883.00 812.08 123.81 44.88 1739.96 462.50
2030 1054.57 100.14 172.04 58.35 0.00 1385.10 883.00 812.08 123.81 44.88 1739.96 354.86
2040 1054.57 119.66 371.06 58.93 0.00 1604.22 883.00 812.08 123.81 44.88 1739.96 135.74