Thailand’s Utilities View

Workshop on PV and Utilities

ASEAN Power Week 2015

September 3,2015

IMPACT Exhibition & Convention Center, Bangkok

Ms. Titiporn Sangpetch, PhD

Head, Distribution System Connection Planning SectionSystem Planning Division, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)

Enhanced Single Buyer (ESB) Model

IndependentPower

Producer

13,167 MW

Power Import

2,404 MW

SmallPower

Producers

4,530 MW

EndUsers

IndustrialEstate

Generation

Transmission

End User

Distribution

EGATGen.

15,482 MW

EGAT Trans.213 substations

32,527 circuit-km

SystemOperator

Go

ve

rnm

en

tal b

od

y a

nd

ER

C

Policy

Regulate

Vary SmallPower

Producers

2,029 MW

MEA30%

PEA68%

EGATDirect Customers

2%

Current Structure of Thailand ESI

ring fenced

Account Unbundling

Ele

ctric

+ S

team

Remark : ERC stands for Energy Regulatory Commission 2

OilEEDPPDP AEDP Gas

Security Economy Ecology

1) Security of Power System

To enhance power system security of Thailand in terms of generation, transmission, and distribution

To focus on fuel diversification in order to reduce the use of natural gas as the major energy source

2) Economy

To generate electricity with reasonable cost for all power consumers, as well as to support long-term country development

3) Ecology

To alleviate environmental and social impacts for sustainable development

3

Integration of all energy development plans

Integrated Regulation

National Energy Integration Plan

Principle of PDP2015

PDP2015 framework: Generation Mix

PDP 2015

Fuel typesAs of Sep 2014

(%)2026(%)

2036(%)

Imported Hydro 7 10-15 15 – 20

Coal & Lignite 20 20-25 20 – 25

Renewables 8 10-20 15 – 20

Natural gas 64 45-50 30 – 40

Nuclear - - 0 – 5

Diesel / Heavy oil 1 - -

Direction of PDP2015

4

Summary of PDP2015 (2015 - 2036)

Coal-fired Power Plant (Clean coal Technology)

Gas-fired Power Plant

Nuclear Power Plant

Gas Turbine Power Plant

Cogeneration

Renewable Energy

Pumped Storage

Power Purchase from Neighboring Countries

7,390 ( 9 Units)

17,478 (15 Units)

2,000 ( 2 Units)

1,250 ( 5 Units)

4,119

12,105

2,101 (3 Units)

11,016

Unit: MW

PDP2015

Total Capacity as of December 2014

Total Added Capacity

Total Retired Capacity

Grand Total Capacity at the End of 2036

37,612

57,459

-24,736

70,335

Numbers of Added Power Plants During 2015 - 2036

Capacity During 2015 - 2036

5

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036

Renewable

DomesticHydro

Lignite

Nuclear

Import Coal

Natural Gas

ImportHydro

5%

6%

17%

37%

2%

15%

18%

10%

10%

64%

3%

6%

7%

GWh

7%

16%

51%

2%

8%

16%

Energy Net Generation by Fuel Types

6

PDP2015

0

4,000

8,000

12,000

16,000

20,000

015 01 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0

MW

Type Solar Wind Hydro MSW Biogas BiomassEnergyCrop

Total

End of 2014 1, 9 .5 224.5 3,048.4 65.7 311.5 2,541.8 - 7,490.4

End of 2036 6,000 3,002 3,282.4 500 600 5,570 680 19,634.4

Energy

Crop

Solar

Wind

Hydro

MSW

Biogas

Biomass

Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP)

7

RE Current Status(As of 13 August 2015)

8

1.55

. 9

954.19

0.

EGAT2,958.73 MW

1 4 . 1

19.

1 .59

.01

19 . 4

9 . 5

1 .5

( )

104. 0

Total 8,138.03MW

Imported Power2,104.60 MW

( จ )

2,104.60 MW

1. 1

19.

9 .0

45.01

9. 5

.00

4.5

VSPP 1,964.18 MW

5 1. 0

05.00

1 .00

1 0.00

1 . 0

1 .

SPP 1,110.52 MW

Current Status of SPPs/VSPPs(As of 13 August 2015)

9

ประเภทเชือ้เพลิง/เทคโนโลย ี

อยู่ระหว่างการพิจารณา ได้รับการตอบรับซือ้แล้ว ลงนาม PPA แล้ว ขายไฟฟ้าเข้าระบบแล้ว รวมทัง้หมด

SPP จ านวน ก าลังผลิต ขาย จ านวน ก าลังผลิต ขาย จ านวน ก าลังผลิต ขาย จ านวน ก าลังผลิต ขาย จ านวน ก าลังผลิต ขาย

ชีวมวล 14 505 322 - - - 2 70 56 30 866 582 46 1,441 959

ก๊าซชีวภาพ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

แสงอาทิตย์ - - - - - - 2 132 131 5 414 305 7 545 436

ขยะ 1 70 70 1 100 90 1 60 55 1 20 18 4 250 233

พลงังานลม 2 83 78 7 492 435 14 958 901 2 207 180 25 1,740 1,594

พลงัน า้ 2 220 180 1 10 10 - - - 1 13 12 4 243 202

พลงังานหมนุเวียนอื่นๆ - - - - - - - - - 2 21 14 2 21 14

Cogeneration - - - - - - 38 4,521 3,420 51 6,266 3,829 89 10,787 7,249

รวม 19 878 649 9 602 535 57 5,741 4,563 92 7,807 4,940 177 15,027 10,687

VSPP

ชีวมวล 16 81 73 40 302 199 55 403 299 123 1,501 762 234 2,287 1,333

ก๊าซชีวภาพ 9 25 24 22 44 41 50 95 84 125 269 219 206 433 367

แสงอาทิตย์ - - - 105 542 542 75 427 423 287 985 922 467 1,954 1,887

ขยะ 2 10 9 13 89 79 12 55 52 20 52 45 47 207 184

พลงังานลม - - - - - - 8 54 50 6 10 10 14 64 59

พลงัน า้ - - - - - - 8 14 13 8 2 2 16 16 15

พลงังานหมนุเวียนอื่นๆ 2 24 18 - - - - - - 2 5 5 4 29 23

Cogeneration 4 59 28 - - - 7 141 35 6 69 21 17 269 83

รวม 33 201 152 180 976 860 215 1,189 956 577 2,894 1,985 1,005 5,259 3,952

รวมทัง้สิน้ 52 1,078 801 189 1,578 1,395 272 6,930 5,519 669 10,700 6,924 1,182 20,287 14,639

1) Variation of solar power plant demonstrating through its generation profile over one year observation

2) Variation of wind power plant demonstrating through its generation profile over one year observation

High RE Penetration into the Grid

(1) Nature of Renewable Energy (RE)

September 3, 2015 10

(2) RE Performance

Fuel Types Plant Factor(%)

Dependable Capacity (%)

12 months (8,760 hr.) at peak-time of the year*

Solar 14 0 27

Wind 12 2 2

Biomass 30 15 36

Biogas 22 7 0

Municipal Solid Waste

43 32 36

Mini-hydro 50 27 36

Note: System peak-time is at 14:00 – 15:00 hr. during March – May of the year

High RE Penetration into the Grid

September 3, 2015 11

(3) RE Impact into the grid

voltage and power flow fluctuation

frequency fluctuation

difficulty of demand-supply management

High RE Penetration into the Grid

September 3, 2015 12

only EP

(EP + adder)

55 MW Solar Power Plant

RE Impact to the grid – Example

Contracted capacity : 55 MW

Connecting point: 115 kV Chai Badan Substation

Test run: 8 MW – on 22 Dec. 201140 MW – on 12 Feb. 20127 MW – in Mar. 2012

COD: March 2012

September 3, 2015 13

RE Impact to the grid – Example

September 3, 2015 14

1) Power flow study

Normal operation with Solar Project

N-1 (115 kV TTK-CBD tripped)

N-1 (115kV CBD-LB2 tripped)

2) Short-circuit study

3-phase faults

Single-line to ground fault

3) Transient stability study

3-phase faults at 115 kV CBD + Faults cleared

3-phase faults at 115 kV CBD + 115 kV CBD-LB2 tripped

3 Phase Faults at 115 kV CBD + 115 kV CBD-TTK tripped

Note: Faults clearing-time is 140 ms. ( 7 Cycles)

High RE Penetration into the Grid

September 3, 2015 15

106.0

108.0

110.0

112.0

114.0

116.0

118.0

120.0

122.0

124.0k

V

TIME

Bus Voltage ( 115 kV Feeder)

Voltage (Before)

Voltage (After)

Example of voltage fluctuation – before and after having the transmission system reinforcement in

order to improve the system voltages and to enhance system reliability.

High RE Penetration into the Grid

(3) RE Impact into the grid

September 3, 2015 16

-40.0

-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

MW

TIME

MW (115 kV feeder from PV plant)

MW (Before)

MW (After)

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

MV

AR

TIME

MVAR (115 kV Feeder from PV plant)

MVAR (Before)

MVAR (After)

Example of power fluctuation – before and after having the transmission system reinforcement in order to

improve the system voltages and to enhance system reliability.

High RE Penetration into the Grid

(3) RE Impact into the grid

September 3, 2015 17

Transmission System Expansion andReinforcement Projects

500 kV Transmission Network(existing / under construction)

500 kV Transmission Network(Planning)

18

Feed-in Tariff(for VSPPs only)

19

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

MSW Biomass Biogas Hydro Wind Solar

Baht/kWh

www.egat.co.th