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THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD
TAS 5502-2009
GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES FOR
ORCHID PACKING HOUSE
National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
ICS 65.040.20 ISBN 978-974-403-680-3
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION
THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD
TAS 5502-2009
GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES FOR
ORCHID PACKING HOUSE
National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
50 Phaholyothin Road, Ladyao, Chutuchak, Bangkok 10900
Telephone (662) 561 2277 Facsimile (662) 561 3357
www.acfs.go.th
Published in the Royal Gazette Vol. 126 Special Section 186 D,
Dated 28 December B.E. 2552 (2009)
(2)
Technical Committee on the Elaboration of Thai Agricultural Standard for Orchid
1. Mr. Olan Pitak Chairperson
Deputy Director General, Department of Agricultural Extension
2. Mrs. Chongwatthana Phumhirun Committee
Department of Agriculture
3. Mr. Settaphong Lekhawatthana Committee
Department of Agricultural Extension
4. Mr. Chuwit Mitchop Committee
Office of The National Economic and Social Development Board
5. Mr. Kanit Likitwitthayawuth Committee
Office of Agricultural Economics
6. Mrs. Orathai Silapanapaporn Committee
National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards
7. Associate Professor Surawish Wannakrairot Committee
Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University
8. Mr. Nibhondh Chaiwongrungrueng Committee
Orchid grower Association of Thailand
9. Mr. Payong Kongudomsup Committee
Thai Orchid Garden Enterprise Association
10. Mr. Jede Meyanyieam Committee
Thai Orchid Exporter Association
11. Mr. Suwan Hirunworawutkul Committee
The Royal Horticultural Society of Thailand under Royal Patronage
12. Mr. Jitti Rattanapianchai Committee
13. Mrs. Jittrapun Tiampayothorn Committee
14. Mr. Niyomrat Traisri Committee
15. Miss Tassanee Pratchayabumrung Committee
Office of Commodity and System Standards and Secretary
National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards
(3)
Thai orchids, well-known and popular commodity in the global market, have the highest export
volume among Thailand’s cut flowers. In 2008, The value of exported orchid cut flowers, orchid
plants and orchid products from Thailand was 2,500 millions Baht. The policy of Ministry of
Agriculture and Cooperatives is to increase the export value of orchid cut flowers. However,
processors in orchid flower export business are having problems related to quality management in
the packing house. Therefore, the Agricultural Standards Commodity deems necessary to establish
the Thai Agricultural Standard on Good Manufacturing Practices for Orchid Packing House so as to
be guidelines in quality management in the packing house to prevent loss and achieve good quality
on regular basis.
The establishment of the Agricultural Commodity Standard is based on the information of the
following document:
Jittrapun Piluek, Alisla Meenakanit, Suphol Piluek, Study for System Development and Design of
Orchid Packing House for Export, the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT).
The National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards. Guide Book for Export of
Fruits to U.S.A., Bangkok: The Agricultural Co-operative Federation of Thailand Printing Press,
Ltd., 2007.
NOTIFICATION OF THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND COOPERATIVES
SUBJECT: THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD:
GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES FOR ORCHID PACKING HOUSE
B.E. 2552 (2009)
Whereas the Agricultural Standards Committee deems necessary to establish an
agricultural standard on Good Manufacturing Practices for Orchid Packing House in accordance
with the Agricultural Standard Act B.E. 2551 (2008) to promote such agricultural commodity
standard to meet its quality standard and safety.
By virtue of Section 5, Section 15 and Section 16 of the Agricultural Standards
Act B.E. 2551(2008), the Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives hereby issues this
Notification on Establishment of Agricultural Standard: Good Manufacturing Practice For Orchid
Packing House (TAS 5502-2552) is established as voluntary standard, details of which are
attached herewith.
Notified on 1 October B.E. 2552 (2009)
(Mr. Theera Wongsamut)
Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives
TAS 5502-2009
THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD
GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES FOR ORCHID PACKING HOUSE
1 SCOPE
1.1 This Thai Agricultural Standard applies to good manufacturing practices for orchid packing
house beginning from receiving orchid cut flowers until transporting so as to ensure the orchid
flower quality and plant health.
2 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this standard:
2.1 Orchid flower means flowers of the plant in the family Orchidaceae for commercial purpose
in many forms such as:
(A) Fresh orchid cut flower with a complete stem and flowers (B) Orchid flower being picked from fresh orchid cut flower as an individual flower
(C) Other products being derived from the arrangement of orchid flowers or taking any part of
orchid flowers for making up diversified products such as lei/garland, bouquet
2.2 Visual Inspection means an inspection of any external physical appearances of an item, for
example produce, product, or apparent environment conditions. This is basically examined by eyes.
Any other sensory evaluation may be applied depending on quality factors in question, and
additional tools may be applied such as magnifying lens as necessary. Subsequently, physical
appearances and environmental conditions shall be assessed so as to see if the criteria are fully met.
The processes and working procedures are also necessary to be inspected visually.
2.3 Pesticide means hazardous substance used in agriculture overseen by the Department of
Agriculture according to the Notifications of the Ministry of Industry entitled the List of Hazardous
Substances issued by virtue of the Hazardous Substances Act B.E. 2535 (2002) and its
amendments.
2.4 Packing house means the establishment for post-harvest management including sorting and
grading, packaging and maintaining in storage prior to transportation.
TAS 5502-2009 2
2.5 Orchid box means an inner box and/or a master box used for containing orchid flowers
which are already packed in bag or wrapped. There shall be a space available for labeling indicated
clearly the detail of orchid flowers.
2.6 Pest means living organisms such as plant pathogens, insects, animals and weed injurious
and damaging to plant.
3 REQUIREMENTS AND INSPECTION METHODS
Requirements and inspection methods for good manufacturing practices for orchid packing house
are defined in Table 1.
Table 1 Requirements and Inspection Methods
(Item 3)
ITEMS REQUIREMENTS INSPECTION
METHODS
1.1.1 Separate the operation areas suitable
for work and administration.
1.1.1 Visual inspection
1.1.2 Good ventilation. 1.1.2 Visual inspection
1.1.3 Capable of preventing from rain, sunlight. 1.1.3 Visual inspection
1. Establishment
1.1 Design
1.1.4 Availability of drainage and waste
disposal system.
1.1.4 Visual inspection
1.2.1 Structure shall be strong, safe and
capable of supporting equipment,
machinery, rooms for temperature control,
fumigation, and other necessary equipment.
1.2.1 Visual inspection
1.2.2 Arrange continuous line of operation
for orchid flowers. 1.2.2 Visual inspection
1.2 Building
1.2.3 Construction materials shall be easy
to maintain and clean. The building shall
be clean and well ventilated.
1.2.3 Visual inspection
TAS 5502-2009 3
ITEMS REQUIREMENTS INSPECTION
METHODS
2.1.1 Work plan shall be in place for each
step of work according to types of orchid
flowers.
2.1.1 Review work plan
2. Control of operation
2.1 Work plan
2.1.2 The assigned person shall be capable
of controlling operation.
2.1.2 Interview assigned
persons
2.2.1 Sorting and grading is referred to the
TAS 5001 entitled the Thai Agricultural
Standard: Orchid Cut Flower and/or
trading partner requirements.
2.2.1 Inspect operation
2.2.2 Culling off defected orchid cut
flowers with pest or sign of pest.
2.2.2 Inspect operation
2.2.3 Appropriate equipment used in
operation shall be clean and sharp.
2.2.3 Inspect operation
2.2.4 There should be measures for
dehumidifying orchid flowers.
2.2.4 Inspect operation
2.2 Sorting and grading
2.2.5 Where there is a need to hold orchid
flowers, an appropriate maintenance shall
be made available.
2.2.5 Inspect operation
2.3.1 Materials used for orchid box shall
be suitable, new and clean.
2.3.1 Visual inspection
2.3.2 Orchid flowers shall be carefully
packed for preventing damages.
2.3.2 Inspect operation.
2.3.3 Packed orchid flowers shall be
maintained at the temperature not to exceed
25oC to lower the orchid flower
temperature.
2.3.3 Visual inspection
2.3 Packaging
2.3.4 Individual package shall be carefully
laid down into the orchid box. The quantity
of package shall not exceed the number
that affect the quality during transportation.
2.3.4 Visual inspection
TAS 5502-2009 4
ITEMS REQUIREMENTS INSPECTION
METHODS
2.3.5 Detail information shall be precisely
displayed on the label or the orchid box.
2.3.5 Check data record
on label or containing
box.
2.4 Methyl bromide fumigation
to eradicate pest according to
requirements of importing
countries (if any).
2.4 In case of requirements of importing
countries for methyl bromide fumigation to
eradicate pest, the operation of fumigation
shall be certified and registered by the
Department of Agriculture.
2.4 Check certification
document.
2.5 Storage of orchid flowers 2.5 Ready packed orchid flowers shall be
maintained at the temperature not to exceed
25oC prior to uploading for transportation
according to schedules.
2.5 Visual inspection
3. Maintenance and sanitation
3.1 Measures of maintenance
and cleaning
3.1 Measures of maintenance and cleaning
shall be provided in all steps of the
operation to ensure the prevention of the
carrier animal.
3.1 Visual inspection
3.2 Tools and equipment 3.2 Appropriate tools and equipment shall
be adequately provided, and ready for use.
After each application, they shall be
cleaned and maintained in good working
condition.
3.2 Visual inspection
3.3 Control of pesticides 3.3 There shall be proper storage of
pesticide, including clear sign and proper
measure for disposal of surplus pesticide
and beware of contamination to public
water resources.
3.3 Visual inspection
4.1 Workers who expose to pesticides shall
be provided with adequate personal
protective equipment.
4.1 Visual inspection
4. Personal health and training
of workers.
4.2 Personal hygiene facilities shall be
provided for workers sufficiently.
4.2 Visual inspection
TAS 5502-2009 5
ITEMS REQUIREMENTS INSPECTION
METHODS
4.3 Appropriate and sufficient health care
shall be provided for workers
4.3 Visual inspection
4.4 Provide knowledge or training on
operating procedures, basic skill of pest
detection, pesticide management,
disinfectants or other substances on regular
basis.
4.4.1 Visual inspection 4.4.2 Check data records or
assess workers’ knowledge
and understanding.
5.1 Complete record keeping on:
5.1.1 Sources of orchid varieties 5.1.1 Review record
5.1.2 Classes and quantity of orchid
flowers produced / batch / date.
5.1.2 Review record
5.1.3 Application of pesticide and / or
methyl bromide fumigation (if any).
5.1.3 Review record
5.1.4 Temperature and duration of storage
of orchid flowers produced / batch / date.
5.1.4 Review record
5.1.5 Country of destination. 5.1.5 Review record
5. Record keeping
5.2 Maintaining the record for at least one
year.
5.2 Review record
4 RECOMMENDATIONS ON GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES FOR ORCHID
PACKING HOUSE
The recommendations on good manufacturing practices for orchid packing house are to advise
entrepreneurs for practical application in the process for selection and packing of orchid flowers to
achieve good manufacturing practices effectively. Details of the recommendations are explained in
the Annex A.
TAS 5502-2009 6
ANNEX A
RECOMMENDATIONS ON GOOD MANUFACTURING
PRACTICES FOR ORCHID PACKING HOUSE
(Item 4)
An orchid packing house should be located in the vicinity of orchid farms, convenient for transport
of orchid flowers, accessible to public infrastructures e.g. electricity, water supply, communication,
wastewater treatment, and waste disposal. Furthermore, avoidance of areas with frequent natural
disaster e.g. floods, land subsidence, areas being affected with pollution from industrial factories
should be taken into account.
Good manufacturing practices for orchid packing house are involved with important factors as
follows:
A.1 Establishment
Factors which shall be considered in an establishment to prevent damages or contamination on
orchid flowers, equipment, tools, and workers from sunlight, wind, rain, accumulation of diseases
and pest risk are as follows: A.1.1 Design
A.1.1.1 Separate the operation areas suitable for work and administration i.e. receiving area,
sorting and grading area, packing area, administration area e.g. the manager’s office, staff of each
division should be separated for convenient communication, documentation and other works.
A.1.1.2 Operation area shall be spacious, not humid, well ventilated.
A.1.1.3 Operation area shall be equipped with construction materials to prevent rain and sunlight.
A.1.1.4 Availability of drainage and waste disposal system to prevent disease accumulation
A.1.2 Building
TAS 5502-2009 7
A.1.2.1 Structure shall be strong, safe and capable of supporting equipment, machinery, rooms for
temperature control, fumigation, and other necessary equipment.
A.1.2.2 Arrange continuous line of operation for orchid flowers to provide the shortest transferred
route of orchid flowers. There should not be any crossing line causing obstruction and discontinuity.
A.1.2.3 Floors should be smoothly made of concrete for convenience of cleaning, well drained, no
containment of excess water or other waste. Wall and ceiling should be made of durable material,
smooth, easy to maintain and clean. The internal structure is clean and well ventilated.
A.2 Control of operation
A2.1 Work plan.
A.2.1.1 Work plan shall be in place for each step of work according to types of orchid flowers as
follows:
(A) The graded fresh orchid cut flower should be cut off stem end at 0.5 cm to 1.0 cm (Figure
B.1) and inserted into a tube contained with clean water or preservative solution to extend shelf
life.
(B) Orchid flower/floret picked from orchid inflorescent as individual flower shall be carefully
handled to prevent any damage.
(C) Other products being derived from the arrangement of orchid flowers or taking any part of
orchid flowers for making up diversified products such as lei/garland, bouquet shall be handled
with skill and care to prevent any damage.
The control of operation is dependent upon business size, types of activities, and related types of
packaging.
A.2.1.2 Manager or assigned person shall acquire knowledge of operation pertaining to the orchid
standards. This person shall be able to determine the risk from any factors that can affect the quality
and phytosanitary status of orchid flowers and to appropriately take prevention and corrective
action.
A.2.2 Sorting and grading
A.2.2.1 Sorting and grading is referred to the TAS 5001 entitled the Thai Agricultural Standard:
Orchid Cut Flower and/or trading partner requirements. (Figure B.2)
TAS 5502-2009 8
A.2.2.2 Inspect the quality of each fresh orchid cut flower. Culling off defected orchid cut flowers
with pest or sign of pest (Figure B.3)
A.2.2.3 Appropriate tools and equipment used in operation such as ruler or measuring tool, knives,
scissors shall be clean and sharp to prevent any damage.
A.2.2.4 There should be measures for dehumidifying orchid flowers by taking each orchid cut
flower which have been already selected and inserted into the tubes lined up on the grille table or
hung on a rail upside down for dehumidifying. Dehumidifying should take approximately 1 hour to
3 hours depending on the humidity of orchid cut flowers, particularly in certain season e.g. the
rainy season, electric fan or dehumidifier may be used. (Figure B.4)
A.2.2.5 Where there is a need to hold orchid flowers, an appropriate maintenance shall be made
available to maintain quality such as holding arrived orchid cut flower at the packing house by
putting in a container with clean water or preservative solution or storing orchid cut flowers in room
with temperature not to exceed 25oC to reduce orchid cut flower temperature.
A.2.3 Packaging
A.2.3.1 Material used for orchid box shall be new, clean, strong, durable during transportation. It
could prevent and preserve the quality of orchid flowers in a good condition up until the destination.
Orchid box should have air-ventilated openings and properly designed with each type of orchid
flowers.
A.2.3.2 Orchid flowers shall be carefully packed and not in the exceeded number that can affect
the quality during transportation. (Figure B.6)
A.2.3.3 Packages of orchid flowers shall be maintained in room with temperature not to exceed
25oC to reduce the orchid flower temperature.
A.2.3.4 Individual package shall be carefully laid down into the orchid box. The quantity of
package shall not exceed the number that affect the quality during transportation.
A.2.3.5 Detail information shall be precisely displayed on the label or the orchid box i.e. scientific
name and/or common name, class, size code and/or sizes as mutually agreed upon between
trading partners, number of orchid cut flowers, trademark (if any), exporter and/or trader code or
name, production site (name of country) and address of exporter/trader.
TAS 5502-2009 9
A.2.4 Methyl bromide fumigation to eradicate pest according to requirements of importing
countries (if any)
In case of requirements of importing countries for methyl bromide fumigation to eradicate pest, the
operation of fumigation shall be certified and registered by the Department of Agriculture.
A.2.5 Storage of orchid flowers (Figure B.8)
Packages of orchid flowers ready for transportation shall be maintained in room with temperature
not exceeding 25oC until the time to upload onto transport vehicle.
A.3 Maintenance and Hygiene
A.3.1 Possession of measures in maintenance and cleaning before and after the operation.
A.3.1.1 Sufficient containers for trash and trash disposal management, surrounding of working
areas shall have well drainage, there should be no material trash stuck in the water drainage system.
A.3.1.2 Provide the washing and drying hand sufficiently and appropriately.
A.3.1.3 Toilets located in working areas shall be built up hygienically with regular cleaning.
A.3.1.4 Not to bring in food into the packing process areas for avoidance of induction of hiding
vector.
A.3.2 Adequate and appropriate tools and equipment shall be provided, and ready for use. After
every utilizing, they shall be cleaned and specified responsible person, including method and
frequency of cleaning. Equipment already cleaned should be stored separately in appropriate places,
including maintenance and repair to be in condition supportive to application at all the times.
A.3.3 Pest Control
There shall be proper storage of pesticide, including clear sign and proper measure for disposal of
surplus pesticide and beware of contamination to public water resources.
TAS 5502-2009 10
A.4 Personal Health and training of workers.
A.4.1 Workers who expose to pesticides shall be provided with adequate personal protective
equipment.
A.4.2 Personal hygiene facilities shall be provided for workers sufficiently to ensure maintaining
personal hygiene at an appropriate level e.g. clothes, apron, hair cover, particular shoes, hand
washing equipment before and after the operation, separation of meal areas and operation areas.
A.4.3 Appropriate and sufficient health care shall be provided for workers such as first-aid gears,
care and treatment upon illness.
A.4.4 Provide knowledge to workers on regular basis e.g.
(A) Training new workers to be able to carry out the work properly according to work steps
(B) Training on skill of primary pest detection
(C) Training on operating procedures, basic skill of pest detection, pesticide management,
disinfectants or other substances.
A.5 Record keeping
A.5.1 Complete record keeping on:
A.5.1.1 Sources of orchid varieties
A.5.1.2 Classes and quantity of orchid flowers produced/batch/date
A.5.1.3 Application of pesticide and/or methyl bromide fumigation (if any)
A.5.1.4 Temperature and duration of storage of orchid flowers produced/batch/date
A.5.1.5 Country of destination
A.5.1.6 Other supporting data records which may be useful in case of having any problems.
A.5.2 Maintenance the record continuously for at least 1 year e.g. important documents relating to
the operation and records of training proceeding for traceability.
TAS 5502-2009 11
ANNEX B
SAMPLE PHOTO OF PRACTICES
WITHIN ORCHID PACKING HOUSE
Figure B.1 Cutting of Orchid Cut Flower Stem (Item A.2.1.1 (A))
Figure B.2 Separation of Quality Classes and Sizes of Orchid Cut Flowers (Item A.2.2.1)
TAS 5502-2009 12
Figure B.3 Primary Inspection of Pest (Item A.2.2.2)
Figure B.4 Drying Flowers to Dry up Water on Orchid Cut Flowers (Item A.2.2.4)
TAS 5502-2009 13
Figure B.5 Resting Orchid Cut Flowers prior to Packing (Item A.2.2.5)
Figure B.6 Packing Orchid Cut Flowers into the Bag or Package (Item A.2.3.2)
TAS 5502-2009 14
Figure B.7 Arranging Orchid Cut Flowers in Containing Box (Item A.2.3.4)
Figure B.8 Packed Orchid Cut Flowers must be stored in a temperature Room Awaiting Shipping
(Item A.2.5)
TAS 5502-2009 15
ANNEX C
UNIT
Unit and symbol used under this standard and International System of Units (SI) or Le Système
International d’ Unités) admissible herein are as following:
Description Unit Name Unit Symbol
Length Centimeter cm
Temperature Degree Celsius oC