10th Water Days & 20th CWWA Conference October 2nd – 7th 2011

May Adams Cornwall, P.E.

USEPA Administrative Orders on Consent & Compliance Orders -1998-2006 • RCRA - Landfill Operations Compliance • CWA – Earthen Fill/Debris in Wetlands • RCRA – Scrap Metal and Scrap Tire Stockpiles • CAA - Methane Gas Emissions

USDOJ Lawsuit 2010 Consent Decree 2011 • Ongoing negotiations – fines and stipulated

penalties; landfill compliance and closure schedules; monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting; and, waste diversion plan

• Scrap Metal Stockpiles • Subterranean Fire • Proximity to Airport – Runway Protection Zone • Potential Bird Hazard– Elevation Limitations • Surrounding Environment – Wetlands, Waters

• Extinguished Subsurface Fire – completed 2009 • Reconstructed South Slope – completed 2009 • Scrap Metal Removal Services – ongoing • Bale & Wrap Transfer Station – in progress - 2012 • Bale Fill Operation – future - 2012-2016

EPA Conditional Acceptance – Feb 2011 • RCRA Design – Alternative Synthetic Closure Cap;

SWPPP; Scrap Metal Management Plan; FAA Approved SCTS Plans; and, Wetlands Mitigation Plan

• CAA Design - Horizontal GCCS,620 scfm from 55 wells, Surface & Flare Methane Gas Monitoring Plan

Figure 1. The synthetic turf system’s tufted geo-textile layer is laid on top of a 50-mil geo-membrane, obviating the top two feet of soil.

Phase/Area Description Year Costs ($M)

Phase 1 South Slope Post-Fire Reconstruction St. Croix Transfer Station, Wetlands

2009 2011

2.2 10.0

Phase 2 North

Groundwater Monitoring System, Sedimentation Ponds, Slope Stabilization, Storm Water Control

2012 3.8

Phase 2 West

Mangrove Removal & Trimming, Slope Stabilization, Storm Water Control,

2013 2.8

Phase 2 South

Gas Collection and Control System, Slope Stabilization, Storm Water Control

2014 3.5

Phase 2 East

Slope Stabilization, Storm Water Control 2015 2.4

Closure Final Fill,Grade, Cap and Cover 2017 14.0

Total $39M

TOTAL COSTS – $39M • South Slope Reconstruction - $2.2M • St. Croix Transfer Station - $10.0M • Landfill Compliance & Closure - $27M Site, Road, Utilities - $4.4M Leachate Control – Not required Membrane Drainage Cover - $12M Storm Water Control - $3.0M Gas Collection and Control - $1.4M Engineering, admin. and contingencies - $5.9M

• Scrap Tire Stockpiles • Limited Suitable Cover Material • Existing Subsurface Fires • Leachate and Storm Water Runoff • Potentially Unstable Elevations and Slopes • Land Limitations – Encroachment • Surrounding Environment – Wetlands,

Homes

• Gas Collection & Control System – completed 2011 • Groundwater Monitoring System – completed 2011 • Suppress Subsurface Fires – completed 2011 • Scrap Tire Removal Services - ongoing • Temporary Road Construction – in progress • Alternative Daily Cover - exploratory

EPA Preliminary Acceptance – Mar 2011 • RCRA Design – Revise SWPPP; comply with CWA

Order - Update wetlands delineation line and justify subsurface debris left in place

• CAA Design - Vertical GCCS -1325 scfm with 50 wells and Surface & Flare Monitoring Plan

Phase/Area Description Year Costs ($M)

Phase 1 Gas Collection and Control System and Groundwater Monitoring System

2011 4.6

Phase 2 Land Acquisition, Road & Utility Relocation, Sedimentation Ponds, Wetlands Mitigation

2012 11.0

-West Slope Stabilization, Storm Water Control 2013 3.0

-North Slope Stabilization, Storm Water Control 2014 3.0

-East Slope Stabilization, Storm Water Control 2015 3.0

-South Slope Stabilization, Storm Water Control 2017 3.0

Closure Fill and Grade, Membrane, Drainage, Final Cap and Cover

2019 21.0

Total $49M

TOTAL COSTS – $49M • Gas Collection and Control System - $4.6M • Groundwater Monitoring System - $0.3M • Bovoni Landfill Closure - $44M Land Acquisition - $4.0M Site, Road, Utilities, Wetlands Mitigation - $7.1M Leachate Control System - $1.7M Membrane, Drainage, & Final Cover - $18.6M Storm Water Control - $3.0M Engineer, Admin., and Contingencies - $9.9M

Year Anguilla Bovoni Total

2009 2.2 *** 2.2

2011 10.0 4.6 14.6

2012 3.8 11.0 14.8

2013 2.8 3.0 5.8

2014 3.5 3.0 6.5

2015 2.4 3.0 5.4

2016 14.0 3.0 17.0

2017 21.0 21.0

2019

SubTotal $27M $44M $71M Sunken 12.2 4.6 16.8

Total $39M $49M $88M

Regulatory Permits cost allowances included Post-closure costs not included - $1.8M/year Opportunities to finance capital costs

• Federal Grants – DOI, EPA, DOT – FHWA & FAA • Municipal Bond Market • Environmental Tax Credits • Energy Recovery • Materials Recovery • Operating Offsets – energy, water, materials, etc.

End of landfill life compliance costs will be greater than beginning of life costs

Lack of Tipping Fees and other charges to build reserves through out the life of landfill results in huge financial liabilities for compliance, closure and post-closure

Annual post-closure costs for 30 years must be factored into compliance costs

Landfills are not sustainable solution for small islands

Waste Characterization - 500 TPD MSW Diversion/Recycling – 20% by 2014 Waste-to-Energy – 80% by 2014 Landfill - 0%

May Adams Cornwall, P.E. Executive Director Virgin Islands Waste Management Authority No. 1 La Grande Princess P. O. Box 1689 Kingshill, VI 00851 340-718-4489 office 340-718-7166 fax macornwall viwma.org www.viwma.org