Textiles revision

contents fibres

fabric constructiondifferent materialssewing machine stitches

Fibres

A fibre is a fine hair like thread from a natural or man- made soucre. A

fibre is the smallest part of any fabric.

Man made fibres

• Man made fibres are made from chemicals. Man made fibres also can be made from regenerated cellulose which is wood pulp these are also mixed with chemicals. Oils or coals can be added with chemicals are then broken down and mixed with chemicals to create new fibres.

Some man made fibres

• Polyester• Viscose• Spandex• Nylon• Acrylic

Naturals fibres

•Natural fibres occur in nature which is produced

by plants and animals.

Some natural fibresAnimal Mineral

Wool Asbestos

Silk Jute

Cotton Flax

Animal hair Pita fibre

Blending fibres• Consider properties of fibres, so that you get the best quality

fabric which is fit for the purpose of your product.• Different fibres and fabrics have different properties (qualities) for

example cotton is cool. Wool is warm and polyester dries faster.• These properties need to be matched to the functions of the end

product.• Designers use charts to help them what types of fabrics are more

suitable.• Fibres can be blended to improve the fabrics, either to enhance

the functions, appearance, texture or cost.• Reasons from blending fibres are for improving quality,

appearance and profitability.

Bonded fabrics

• A bonded fabric is a weak fabric.• Fibres are bonded together by heating, gluing

or stitching the fibres together. A bonded fabric has a warp or weft threads and no right or wrong direction. They are usually inexpensive and do not fray.

• Bonded fabrics is a non-woven fabric. This may be an adhesive or a bonding fibre has a low melting point.

Fibres and yarns definition

• Fibre – a fine hair like thread from a natural or man – made source.

• Staple filament – a short fibre• Continuous filament – a continuous long fibre.A fibre is a the smallest part of any fabric.You create a yarn by spinning or twisting fibres together.

Fabric construction Raw fibres are there natural state these are made by;

1. Cleaning – washed2. Blending – you blend the different fibres together to produce a

better fabric.3. Carding – where the fibres are all brushed so they all go the same

direction.4. Spinning – spinning the fibres together. 5. Winding – winding the fibres on to a cone ready to steam.6. Relaxing – relaxing the fibres by steam which releases any

stretching. 7. Twisting – twisting the fibres together to produce a yarn.

weaving

Weaving is a method of fabric production where two sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. The other methods are knitting, lace making, felting, and braiding or plaiting.

Examples of weaving

knitting

• Knitting is a method by which thread or yarn is used to create a cloth.

• Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive rows of loops, called stitches. As each row progresses, a new loop is pulled through an existing loop. The active stitches are held on a needle until another loop can be passed through them. This process eventually results in a fabric, often used for garments.

Example's of knitting

felting

• Felt is a non-woven textile that is produced by matting, condensing and pressing fibres together. Felt can be made of natural fibres such as wool or synthetic fibres such as acrylic. There are many different types of felts for industrial, technical, designer and craft applications. While some types of felt are very soft, some are tough enough to form construction materials. Felt can vary in terms of fibre content, colour, size, thickness, density and more factors depending on the use of the felt.

Examples of felting

Different materials

cotton

• Today cotton is grown in more than 80 country's world wide and is the most used textiles fibre in the world. Cotton, as a natural cellouse fibre (has a lot of characteristics) such as; comfortable, soft to hand, colour retention, prints well, machine wash – able, dry cleanable, good strength, good strength, drapes well, easy to handle and sew.

viscose

Viscose is a solution of cellulose xanthate made by treating a cellulose compound with sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide. By-products' include sodium thiocarbonate, sodium carbonate, and sodium sulfide. The viscose solution is used to spin the fibre viscose rayon, a soft man-made fibre commonly used in dresses, linings, shirts, shorts, coats, jackets, and other outer wear. It is also used in industrial yarns.

silk

• Silk is a natural protein fibre, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The protein fibre of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons. The best-known type of silk is obtained from the cocoons of the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity. The shimmering appearance of silk is due to the triangular prism-like structure of the silk fibre, which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles, thus producing different colours.

wool

• Wool is the textile fibre obtained from sheep and certain other animals, including cashmere from goats, mohair from goats, qiviut from muskoxen, angora from rabbits, and other types of wool from camelids.

• Wool has several qualities that distinguish it from hair or

fur: it is crimped, it is elastic, and it grows in staples. While in the United States the term wool is usually restricted to describing the fibrous protein derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles in sheep, in the UK the term may be used of any long curling fibre such as wood wool, wire wool.

Polyester

• Polyester is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. Although there are many polyesters, the term "polyester" as a specific material most commonly refers to polyethylene terephthalate. Polyesters include naturally occurring chemicals, such as in the cutin of plant cuticles, as well as synthetics through step-growth polymerization such as polycarbonate and polybutyrate. Natural polyesters and a few synthetic ones are biodegradable, but most synthetic polyesters are not.

nylon

• Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers known generically as aliphatic polyamides, first produced on February 28, 1935, by Wallace Carothers at DuPont's research facility at the DuPont Experimental Station. Nylon is one of the most commonly used polymers.

Sewing machine stitching

http://crafts.tutsplus.com/articles/a-buyers-guide-to-your-first-sewing-machine--craft-12119

How a sewing machine should be set up

How to make a dress