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Sulpher Dyes | History of Sulpher Dyes | Trade Names of 

Sulpher Dye

Sulpher dyes are complex heterocyclic molecules or mixtures formed by melting or boiling organic compounds

containing amino or nitro groups with Na-polysulphide and Sulpher. Sulpher dyes are so called as they all contain

Sulpher linkage within their molecules.

Sulpher dyes are highly coloured, water insoluble compounds and have to be converted in to water soluble

substantive forms (lucoforms) before application to the textile materials. This conversion is carried out by a

treatment with a reducing agent like dilute aqueous Na2S. Since this lucoform of Sulpher dye is substantive to

cellulosic materials. They are absorbed on the fibre surface. Then they are reconverted original water insoluble

form of dye by oxidation. This oxidation is carried out by “airing” (exposure to air) or by using an oxidizing agent

like Na-dichromate (Na2Cr2O7).

The reducing agents converts the “S” in dye in to –SH group and the Sulpher linkages. Then inside the material

the thiols containing –SH groups are oxidized & thus reconverted to original form of dye.

This is shown in the bellow:

Dye-S-S-Dye + 2[H] = Dye-SH + HS-Dye

 

Dye-SH + HS-Dye +[O] = Dye-S-S-Dye + H2O

Sulpher gives best result (Bright Tone) when they are used to produce black, Black & brown shades but red

shades cannot be obtained by Sulpher dyes.

History of Sulpher Dyes

The history of Sulpher dyes may be summarized as below:

1. The first Sulpher dyes where made in 1873 heating saw dust, caustic soda and Sulpher. It occurred by chance

when a reaction vessel containing Na2S was leaking and the saw dust was used to wipe the solution coming out.

Later a cotton fabric come in contact with this contaminated sawdust and become stained.

2. The real pioneer of Sulpher dyes was vidal who produce vidal black (Name of Sulpher dye) by fusing para-

phenylene diamine with Na2S & Sulpher in 1893.

3. In 1897 Kalischer produced Immedial Black FF by heating 2, 4-dinitro-4-dihydroxy diphenylamine with Na-polysulphide.

4. In 1896 Read Holliday introduced a range of grey, brown and black Sulpher dyes by the action of Sulpher,

alkali sulphides and many organic compounds.

Method of manufacture of Sulpher dye

 Aromat ic Hydro Carbon Containing Hydroxy amino or nitro group = Sulpher Dye

Trade Names of Sulpher dye

Trade Names Name of Manufacturer Country of origin

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Calcogen Dyes Dept. AmericanCyanamid Co.

USA

Pyrogene Ciba Switzerland

Thional Sandoz Switzerland

Solfo  ACNA Italy

Sulfogene Du pont USA

Thional Imperial UK

Mitsui Sulpher  Mitsui Chemicals Ind. Co. Ltd Japan

 

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