textile fibers and yarns. objectives: list the main characteristics of natural and manufactured...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Textile Fibers and Yarns
![Page 2: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objectives:
• List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers
• Explain how fibers are marketed• Summarize the role of leather and
fur as primary materials in fashion• Describe new fiber innovations• Explain how fibers are made into
yarns
![Page 3: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Fiber Categories• Natural
– Originate from natural sources– Plant (cellulosic) or animal
(protein)
• Manufactured, synthetic, or man-made (terms interchangeable)– Originate from chemical
sources– May also be from regenerated
or recycled sources
![Page 4: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Natural Fibers
• Cellulosic (from plants)– Cotton
• From cotton plants
– Flax (linen) • From flax stems
• Protein (from animals)– Silk
• From cocoons of silkworms
– Wool • From fleece (hair) of
sheep or lambs
![Page 5: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Textile Terms• Fibers
– Staple: short fibers• Usually characterizes
a natural fiber
– Filament: long continuous fibers• Usually characterizes
a synthetic fiber (except silk)
• Denier– Fiber thickness or
diameter
• Yarns– Fibers twisted
together– Ply refers to how
many yarns may be twisted together before weaving
• Fabrics– Yarns woven,
knitted, or fused together to create fabric
![Page 6: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cotton • Cellulosic fiber• From “bolls” (seed
pods) growing on bushes
• Comfortable• Soft and durable• Absorbent, cool to
wear• “Environmentally
friendly” cotton can be grown in a range of colors
![Page 7: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Wool
• Protein fiber• From sheep• Worsted wool is
higher quality with long staple fibers (over 2 inches)
• Natural insulator• Will shrink and
mat if washed
![Page 8: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Flax (Linen)
• World’s oldest textile fiber
• Cellulosic fiber from stem of flax plant
• Stiff, wrinkles easily• Absorbent, cool to
wear in heat• Other uses
– Dish towels– Tablecloths
Flax is the fiber name; linen is the fabric name.
![Page 9: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Other Natural Fibers
• Ramie• Jute• Sisal• Hemp• Raffia• Down
feathers• Hair fibers
from– Goats– Rabbits– Camels
Cellulosic Fibers
Protein Fibers
![Page 10: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Marketing Natural Fibers
• Natural fiber trade associations:– Cotton Incorporated– National Cotton
Council– Wool Bureau, Inc.– Mohair Council of
America– International Silk
Association
• Provide fabric libraries
Natural Fibers r cool
![Page 11: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Leather and Fur
• From hides or pelts (skins) of animals
• Expensive• Artificial substitutes
available (faux leather and fur)
• Leather used mainly for footwear
• Fur used for “prestige” apparel and accessories
![Page 12: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Manufactured Fibers
• Process– Raw materials
melted or dissolved to form thick syrup
– Liquid extruded through spinneret
– Extruded filaments stretched and hardened into fibers
![Page 13: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Categories of Manufactured Fibers (generic groups)
• Generic group: a family of manufactured fibers with similar chemical composition
• Common generic fibers from chemical or petroleum products:– Polyester– Nylon– Olefin– Acrylic
• Variants: trade or brand names given to slightly modified generic fibers
• Example: ANTRON nylon used for hosiery
![Page 14: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Manufactured Fibers
• Qualities that are unique or superior to natural fibers– Elasticity– Nonallergenic– Strength– Resistant to
abrasion
• Qualities that may be less than desirable– Feel clammy
because they are nonabsorbent
– Build up static electricity
– Susceptible to oil stains
![Page 15: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Other Types of Other Types of Manufactured FibersManufactured Fibers
• Fibers that come from a plant (cellulosic) source; chemically altered to create new fibers (regenerated)– Rayon– Acetate and
Triacetate– Lyocell
![Page 16: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Fiber Innovation and Trends
• Fibers are designed for specific end-uses
• Polymers (chemical compounds) are engineered to meet needs
• “Microfibers” are ultra-fine deniers that make softer, more luxurious fabrics
• Spandex added in fiber blends to make stretchable fabrics
Plastic soft drink bottles recycled into apparel
![Page 17: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Marketing Manufactured Fibers
• Trademarked variants assure consumers of quality
• American Fiber Manufacturers Association helps inform the consumer, maintain government relations, and monitor foreign trade policy
![Page 18: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Spinning Fibers into Yarns• Spinning draws,
twists, and winds staple, filament, or blends of both fibers into long, cohesive strands or yarns
• Yarns wound onto bobbins or spools
• Twist may vary, creating different yarn properties
Early 18th century spinning wheel
![Page 19: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Yarn Terminology• Yarn blends
– Combining two or more fibers into a spun yarn
• Combination yarns – Contain two or more
plys of different fibers
• Textured yarns– Changing the surface
of a yarn using chemicals, heat, or machinery
Texturing gives bulk, stretch, softness, and wrinkle-resistance to yarns.
![Page 20: Textile Fibers and Yarns. Objectives: List the main characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Explain how fibers are marketed Summarize the role](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061609/551bd1c4550346b9588b5506/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Do You Know . . .
• The American Yarn Spinners Association deals with the government on yarn-industry issues such as trade laws, customs regulations, packaging, labeling, and product standards.