text typology

8/12/2019 Text Typology

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4 Text typology

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4 Text typology

4.1 Intetext!"lity "n# text types

4.1.1 Text types "n# t"nsl"tion $!"lity

4.2 %"th"in" &eiss' text typology

4.3 Typologies o( texts in sim!lt"neo!s intepeting sit!"tions

4.3.1 %opc)yn*ski +19,0-

4.3.2 ie#)ielski +19,,-

4.4 The ele"nce o( text typology to intepeting

4.4.1 lexie"s sem"ntic mo#el "s " tool (o est"lishing text types

4.4.2 !ggestions (o " hie"chic"l text typology (o intepeting

4 Text typology

4.1 Intetext!"lity "n# text types

Intetext!"lity "s " st"n#"# o( text!"lity concens the w"ys in which the po#!ction

"n# eception o( " gien text #epen# !pon the p"ticip"nts' knowle#ge o( othe texts

+#e 5e"!g"n#e 6 7essle 19,1:1,2-. cco#ing to 5ell +1991:180181-

intetext!"lity e(es to the el"tionship etween " p"tic!l" text "n# othe texts

which sh"e ch""cteistics with it the ("ctos which "llow textpocessos to

ecognise; in " new text; (e"t!es o( othe texts they h"e enco!ntee#. e!et 6

hee +1992:120- see intetext!"lity "s el"te# to the notion o( text type; "n#

intetext!"l #istinctions "e (isto#e texttypologic"l #istinctions:

Intetext!"lity is "se# on wh"t the text !se; not the "n"lyst; expects to see in the text.

+


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El"in comm!nic"tion o( ("cts +news; knowle#ge; in(om"tion; "g!ments; opinions;

(eelings; B!#gements; intentions etc.;- whee the topic is in the (oego!n# o( the

comm!nic"tie intention. This incl!#es ph"tic comm!nic"tion; the "ct!"l in(om"tion

"l!e o( which is )eo; "n# the mess"ge is the comm!nic"tion pocess itsel( .

The #omin"nt (om o( l"ng!"ge is (!nction"l l"ng!"ge.

The text is st!ct!e# pim"ily on the sem"nticsynt"ctic leel.

Fxpessie

Ce"tie composition; "n "tistic sh"ping o( the context. The sen#e is in the

(oego!n#. The "!tho ce"tes his topics himsel(; conscio!sly exploits the expessie

"n# "ssoci"tie possiilities o( the l"ng!"ge in o#e to comm!nic"te his tho!ghts in

"n "tistic; ce"tie w"y.

The text is #o!ly st!ct!e#: (ist on the synt"cticsem"ntic leel; "n# on the leel o("tistic og"nis"tion.

In "##ition to this ling!istic (!nction; "n expessie text m!st "lso (!l(il "n "tistic

(!nction.

Ape"tie

Text in#!cing eh"io!"l esponses; "s stim!li to "ction o e"ction on the p"t o( the

e"#e. The (om o( e"lis"tion is m"inly #etemine# y the "##esse# eceie o(

the text.

The text is #o!ly o tiply st!ct!e#: on the sem"nticst!ct!"l leel; on the leel o(

pes!"sion; "n# sometimes !t not necess"ily; on the leel o( "tistic og"nis"tion.

n ope"tie text m!st (!l(il oth " ling!istic "n# " psychologic"l (!nction.

4.3 Typologies o( texts in sim!lt"neo!s intepeting sit!"tions

4.3.1 %opc)yn*ski +19,0-

In the con(eence sit!"tion thee is " "iety o( texts "nging (om completely!npep"e# o"l spont"neo!s speech to the e"#ing o( " pep"e# witten text. ome o(

the typic"l inp!t texts "e:

1. !npep"e# o"l monolog!e o #i"log!e +e.g. " to"st; "n exposG; (ee #isc!ssion-

2. semipep"e# o"l monolog!e with notes +e.g. " lect!e; " p"pe-

3. " witten monolog!e inten#e# (o o"l #eliey H e"#ing theeo( +e.g. " lect!e; "

p"pe; " epot; " speech-

4. " witten monolog!e inten#e# (o witten me#i!m H e"#ing theeo( +e.g. " (in"l

comm!ni$!G; " esol!tion; " #"(t #oc!ment; etc.-;


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A( those (o! types; type 3 is po"ly the most common.

cco#ing to %opc)yn*ski +19,0-; it is e"son"le to "ss!me th"t the o!tp!t text

po#!ce# y the intepete h"s the (om o( extempo"neo!s speech. ince the

intepete is "n in#iect so!ce in the comm!nic"tion ch"in; his pe(om"nce is not

completely spont"neo!s in the sense o( !npep"e#; !npl"nne#; ec"!se theintepete (ollows the spe"kes pim"y so!ce text. The intepetes o!tp!t text is

extempo"neo!s me"ning po#!ce# on the "sis o( " peio!sly !nknown text.

%opc)yn*ski +19,0- "ss!mes peio!s knowle#ge y the intepete o( the (iel# o(

#isco!se o( the t"nsl"te# texts incl!#ing teminology; the topic o( the con(eence;

etc. 5y "n !nknown text is then me"nt concete text!"l e"lis"tions o( " peio!sly

known (iel# o( #isco!se.

Fxtempo"neo!s speech in this sense po"ly h"s most o( the (e"t!es o(

spont"neo!s o"l speech +%opc)yn*ski 19,2-.

In tems o( #i((eence etween witten "n# spoken s!co#es; "n# conceiing o(

t"nsl"tion in its o"#; semiotic sense; %opc)yn*ski +19,0- #isting!ishes the

(ollowing t"nsl"tion"l pocesses when the sim!lt"neo!s intepete #e"ls with the text

types #e(ine# "oe:

Type 1; !npep"e# o"l monolog!e o #i"log!e:

spoken s!co#e L1 spoken s!co#e L2

Type 2; semipep"e# o"l monolog!e with notes:

spoken s!co#e L1 spoken s!co#e L2

Type 3; witten monolog!e inten#e# (o o"l #eliey:

witten s!co#e L1 spoken s!co#e IT +intesemiotic t"nsl"tion- spoken

s!co#e L2

Type 4; witten monolog!e inten#e# (o witten me#i!m:

witten s!co#e L1 spoken s!co#e IT spoken s!co#e L2

In consec!tie intepeting; whee t"nsl"tion goes tho!gh the st"ge o( notet"king;

the pocess is een moe complex:

Types 1 "n# 2. spoken s!co#e L1 g"phic me#i!m IT spoken s!co#e L2

Types 3 "n# 4. spoken s!co#e L1 g"phic me#i!m IT spoken s!co#e IT

spoken s!co#e L2.

4.3.2 ie#)ielski +19,,-


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ie#)ielski +19,,- h"s #eelope# " typology o( sim!lt"neo!s intepeting; inspie# y

the ch""cteistics o( texts in con(eence intepeting #escie# y %opc)ynski

+19,0-. Je elies on #e 5e"!g"n#es "n# 7essles +19,1- st"n#"#s o( text!"lity "s

" theoetic"l "sis. To thei seen st"n#"#s; ie#)ielski "##s "n eighth one; #ensity o(

in(om"tion +#ensitG #in(om"tion-. This is #e(ine# "s the m"them"tic"l po#!ct o(

the length o( the #isco!se; its sem"ntic #ensity; its mophosynt"ctic complexity; its"co!stic cl"ity; "n# its spee# o( #eliey +ie#)ielski 19,,:49249=-.

ie#)ielski #isting!ishes seen types o( texts in sim!lt"neo!s intepeting "mong the

two m"in text types: o"l texts which "e not witten; "n# witten texts th"t "e

witten; e"#"lo!# texts.

A"l texts:

Impompt! monolog!e

Eep"e#; not e#ite# monolog!e

E"ti"lly pep"e# #i"log!e

Eep"e# "n# p"ti"lly e#ite# monolog!e

Konolog!es le"nt y he"t "n# ecite#

&eco#e# texts

itten texts:

F#ite# "n# ecite# monolog!e

F#ite# "n# e"#"lo!# text

In sim!lt"neo!s intepeting; text #eliey sp"ns (om impompt! speech to the

e"#ing "lo!# o( witten #oc!ments. ie#)ielski points o!t "n inteesting p""#ox in

the ("ct th"t the intepete ten#s to "#opt " moe cones"tion"l style when

intepeting " spe"ke who e"#s his text; while he ten#s to e#it " moe spont"neo!s;

spoken !tte"nce. cco#ing to ie#)ielski; this is "pp"ently #!e to the peceie#

ole o( the intepete "s " coneyo o( the inten#e# me"ning o( the spe"ke. The

intepete th!s h"s to m"ke the text e"sy to !n#est"n# (o the listene; i.e. ince"sethe "ccept"ility in tems o( text!"lity.

nothe expl"n"tion co!l# e th"t the intepete; in the moe o less "nonymo!s

con(eence intepeting sit!"tion; is tying to (in# some kin# o( peceie# mi##le

nom in his o!tp!t H m!ch in the s"me w"y "s o(ten h"s een #escie# in the

context o( witten t"nsl"tion.M>N n ill!st"tion in o! cop!s o( this "ccept"ility (o

"ll pinciple c"n e (o!n# in section >.1.2.4.

thi# expl"n"tion (o the cones"tion"l style o( the intepete h"s een s!ggeste#

y tol) +1992-: the intepete is "ct!"lly t"lking (eely "n# is thee(oe o!n# to e

moe e#!n#"nt th"n the spe"ke. This is ec"!se in the intepete's !tte"nce"##ition"l !nconscio!s e#!n#"ncy is "##e# to the conscio!s one +po#!ce# y the


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spe"ke "n# !ttee# y the intepete-. In o#e to "oi# pocess!"l oelo"# the

intepete o(ten h"s to st"t to (om!l"te "n !tte"nce e(oe he knows the whole

tho!ght "n# c"n only g!ess the gene"l intention o( the spe"ke. I( the (ollowing inp!t

#oes not cont"in in(om"tion th"t the intepete h"# "nticip"te# "n# the intepete

h"s c"p"city to go "ck "n# #elie the coecte# in(om"tion; he will y necessity e

moe e#!n#"nt +tol) 1992:1=2-.

cco#ing to the s"me pinciple o( "llei"ting cognitie stess then; some o( the

e#!n#"ncy in the speech (low o( the spont"neo!s spe"ke c"n e e#!ce# y the

intepete. This compessing y intepetes is #escie# y Cheno +c(. section

8.1.2-.

In the (ollowing speech s"mple (om o! cop!s; "ll o( the l"tte +@innish- p"t is

stictly spe"king e#!n#"nt "s it only e(es to wh"t the spe"ke h"s "le"#y st"te# in

the initi"l !tte"nce in we#ish. This eite"tion y the spe"ke m"ks th"t she is now

st"ting " new section; hence it is o( co!se necess"y to intepet; !t some o( thee#!n#"ncy c"n e t"ken "w"y witho!t "ny neg"tie conse$!ence.

ection no. Aigin"l T"nsl"tion o( oigin"lIntepet"tion T"nsl"tion o(

intepet"tion

102 i #ett" s"mm"nh"ng h" B" / h"(t lite "tt gO" me ope"(oskning in this

connection I h"e h"# / some cont"cts with ope" ese"ch tPssP yhtey#essP olen

Boss"in mPPin Bo!t!n!t tekemisiin ooppe"t!tkim!ksen k"nss" In this connection

I h"e to some extent een in cont"ct with ope" ese"ch /

103 och B" tPnke n! yt" spQk "n# I "m now going to ch"nge l"ng!"ge /

"ion nyt se!"""ksi "iht"" kieltP / I "m now next going to ch"nge l"ng!"ge

104 e(tesom #e hP (oskningspoBektet gQ pQ (insk" since this ese"ch poBect

is c"ie# o!t in (innish kosk" poBekti on s!omenkielinen / since the poBect is

in the (innish l"ng!"ge

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