April 18, 2023

Hybrid GIS Technology for Groundwater Resource Management in India

Prabir Kumar Mukherjee

CONFIDENTIAL- 2 -

Agenda

Introduction

Need for Groundwater Resource Management

GIS in Groundwater Resource Management

Improved Technology - GIT

Business Benefits

CONFIDENTIAL- 3 -

Introduction

• Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource,

essential to sustain life, development and the

environment

• Water development and management should be

based on a participatory approach, involving

users, planners and policymakers at all levels

• Women play a central part in the provision,

management and safeguarding of water

• Water has an economic value in all its competing

uses and should be recognized as an economic

good

‘pragmatic but principled approach thatrespects the concepts of economic efficiency, social equity and environmental sustainability

but recognizes that management can beintensely political and that reform requires prioritised, sequenced, practical and patient

interventions’.

Reference: GWMate Briefing Note

‘pragmatic but principled approach thatrespects the concepts of economic efficiency, social equity and environmental sustainability

but recognizes that management can beintensely political and that reform requires prioritised, sequenced, practical and patient

interventions’.

Reference: GWMate Briefing Note

CONFIDENTIAL- 4 -

Need for Groundwater Resource Management

• 2000 million people, innumerable farmers and many industrial premises depend on groundwater

• Accelerated development has resulted in great social and economic benefits, providing low-cost,

drought-reliable high-quality water supplies

• Management and protection of groundwater has been seriously neglected, potentially endangering the

resource

• The sustainability of groundwater is linked to policy issues influencing water and land use, and

represents one of the major global challenges in natural resource management

• There is a need to integrate groundwater and surface water management to ensure better overall water

management and allocation

CONFIDENTIAL- 5 -

Need for Groundwater Resource Management

Millions of m3 pumped every year• Monitored? Why? Who? How? Use? quantity / quality

100’s of thousands of users• Controlled? Registered?

10’s of thousands of wells / boreholes• Registered? Maintained? Monitored? • Have the information Stored on location, abstraction, water levels, water quality, formation etc.?

1000’s of sources of pollution• Location, nature & quantity of pollutants? aquifer vulnerability?

100’s of drillers / consultants• Registered? Development & drilling data recorded & submitted?

Many governing departments /institutions • Joint management ? Coordination / cooperation?

Source (AGW)

CONFIDENTIAL- 6 -

Approaches of Groundwater Resource Management

Human BenefitsEconomic Benefits Environmental Benefits

Aquifer Storage

(groundwater resource)

SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER DEVELOPMENT

Artificial Recharge

(irrigation losses, wastewater returns)

Natural Recharge

(excess rainfall, surface water

seepage)

Indirect Recharge

(aquitard leakage, cross-formational

flow)

Water for development

Groundwater abstraction

(agriculture & Industry)

Water for the Environment

Groundwater discharge

(Springs, surface water, wetlands, coastal zone)

Water for People

Groundwater supply

(drinking water & Sanitation and

livelihood)

CONFIDENTIAL- 7 -

Approaches of Groundwater Resource Management

Unrestricted Demand

+Unregulated Resources

Water and land-use

behaviour worsen

Dissatisfaction of water-

users increases

Aquifer system/

groundwater resources impacted

Quality and quantity

deteriorated

Reliable supply reducing with increasing cost

Management function

Enabling Environment

Acceptable demand + contaminant load

Aquifer system/

groundwater resources protected

Quality and quantity stabilize

Secure supply at reasonable cost

MonitoringResource Evaluation

Resource Allocation

Pollution control

Economic valuation

Policy framework

Regulatory Framework

Definition of Water Rights

Stakeholder Participation

Decentralised Administrative

setup

Without IWRMWith IWRM

CONFIDENTIAL- 8 -

Evolution of GIS in Groundwater Study

Multimedia Mapping

--2000 ‘s

4D GIS (XYZ and Time)

--Future Perception

In 1970 - Computer MappingDuring this period most GIS analysis were limited to Manual Processing of spatial data. This period saw computer mapping automate map drafting. The points, lines and areas defining geographic features on a map are represented as an organized set of X, Y coordinates.

In 1980 – Spatial Database ManagementSpatial database management systems were developed that linked computer mapping capabilities with traditional database management capabilities. Increasing demands for mapped data focused attention on data availability, accuracy and standards, as well as data structure issues.

In 1990 - Map Analysis / ModelingDuring this period the bulk of descriptive query operations were available in most GIS systems and attention turned to a comprehensive theory of map analysis. The spatialinformation used to represented numerically, rather than in analog way as inked lines on a map. The GIS applications were now centering towards two forms spatial statistics and spatial analysis in groundwater study.

In 2000 - Multimedia MappingIn this period, GIS systems and applications saw new trends like Data Exchange & Interoperability Standards, Development of Web Services, Enhanced Display Capabilities, 3D visualization, Integration of Global Positioning System and Remote Sensing Imagery with GIS in groundwater study.

Future Perceptions4D GIS (XYZ and time), Tomorrow’s data structures will accommodate time as a stored dimension and completely change the conventional mapping paradigm. The future also will build on the cognitive basis, as well as the databases, of GIS technology. Information systems are at a threshold that is pushing well beyond mapping, management, modeling, and multimedia to spatial reasoning and dialogue.

CONFIDENTIAL- 9 -

Concept - GIS+IT=GIT in Groundwater Resource Management

Sustainability of Planet Earth: Connections between and achieving balance among social, economic and environmental pieces of a community.

SMART Governance means: Process of decision making

in a simple, moral, accountable, responsive, and transparent manner

Hybrid Technology/Geospatial Information Technology (GIT) :

An integration of geo-spatial information science and technology into a geographic

information system (GIS) which has incredible role in SMART Governance

In groundwater management

CONFIDENTIAL- 10 -

Concept – Target Area in Groundwater Resource Management

Government Management IssuesLegislation and Regulation

Economic InstrumentsPolicy Instruments

Human Resources Management IssuesAbstraction Rights

AllocationStakeholder Participation

Capacity Building

Natural Resource Management Issues Aquifer Characterization

Recharge Water Quality

Environmental Services

TARGET of GIT

CONFIDENTIAL- 11 -

GIS Maturity Model

CONFIDENTIAL- 12 -

GIS Technology Improvement in Groundwater Resource Management

Desktop GIS products offer many advantages including: Advanced capabilities and powerful functionality “out of the box“ Internet connectivity is not required Performance is not dependent on bandwidth

The disadvantages of traditional desktop applications include: Licensing costs are high on a per user basis compared to web-based GIS PCs with higher specifications are required More advanced user training is required

Distributed GIS have all of the system components in the different physical locations. This could be the processing, the database, the rendering or the user interface. Examples of distributed systems are

Web-based GIS, Mobile GIS, Enterprise GIS

An Enterprise Geographical Information System satisfies the spatial information needs of an organization as a whole in an integrated manner. Enterprise GIS consists of four technological elements which are data, standards, information technology and personnel with expertise.

It is a coordinated approach that moves away from fragmented desktop GIS. The design of an enterprise GIS includes the construction of a centralized enterprise database that is

designed to be the principle resource for an entire organization.

CONFIDENTIAL- 13 -

GIS Technology Improvement Migration from Desktop to Web GIS

The traditional, ground water management methods are mainly focused on engineering measures. With the rapid development of information technology, database and GIS technology, the non-engineering measures based on scientific and logical management techniques lead to sustainable development of ground water resources.

This improves the ground water management level and increase work efficiency. Network is a good medium for sharing and spreading information. Using network technology in ground water management not only decrease constructive investment, but also predigest the operation and make it easy to use.

Using the centralized repository based on database and Web GIS technology, different business units can use the Mobile GIS and web GIS application to exchange information and data on network.

Efficient management of groundwater resources relies on a comprehensive database that represents the characteristics of the natural groundwater system as well as analysis and modeling tools to describe the impacts of decision alternatives .

CONFIDENTIAL- 14 -

Web Enabled Groundwater Information System in India

CONFIDENTIAL- 15 -

Maturing Groundwater Analysis using Mobile GIS Technology

The method of data collection from field is time consuming and susceptible to errors. The recent development in mobile technology has enabled GIS information to be collected from field and update the modification directly to spatial repository in central database. This enables to add real time data to enterprise database and stakeholders can use the latest and more accurate data for analysis and decision making. Wireless connectivity, geo-services, and Web mapping applications allow field-based personnel to complete database transactions in near real time.

CONFIDENTIAL- 16 -

Spatial Data Sharing in Groundwater Information System using High Bandwidth 3G Network

3G Network

Department BDesktop Clients

LAN

Network Intranet Web Clients

3G Network

Enterprise Database

GIS Other System

Field Mobile Users

Department A

WAN

Network

Internet Web Clients

Internet Web Clients

CONFIDENTIAL- 17 -

Business Benefits

Hybrid TechnologyGIS & IT

In Groundwater Management System

Many Gaps Have Been Bridged with the Help of this Technology

Thank You