text compression huffman coding
DESCRIPTION
Text Compression Huffman Coding. James Adkison 02/07/2008. Assumptions / Givens. A bit is represented by a ‘1’ or ‘0’ A byte is any combination of 8 bits All ASCII characters are stored in 1 byte, except the ‘\n’ character which is stored as two bytes the ‘\n’ and ‘\r’. Notation. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Text CompressionText CompressionHuffman CodingHuffman Coding
James AdkisonJames Adkison
02/07/200802/07/2008
![Page 2: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Assumptions / GivensAssumptions / Givens
• A bit is represented by a ‘1’ or ‘0’A bit is represented by a ‘1’ or ‘0’
• A byte is any combination of 8 bitsA byte is any combination of 8 bits
• All ASCII characters are stored in 1 All ASCII characters are stored in 1 byte, except the ‘\n’ character which byte, except the ‘\n’ character which is stored as two bytes the ‘\n’ and ‘\r’is stored as two bytes the ‘\n’ and ‘\r’
![Page 3: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
NotationNotation
• Square brackets ‘[’ ‘]’ are range Square brackets ‘[’ ‘]’ are range inclusiveinclusive
• Parenthesis ‘(’ ‘)’ are range exclusiveParenthesis ‘(’ ‘)’ are range exclusive
• Example: [0, 6) includes 0 and excludes Example: [0, 6) includes 0 and excludes 6 so the range is 0 to 5 or [0, 5]6 so the range is 0 to 5 or [0, 5]
• Traversing a Hoffman Tree to the left Traversing a Hoffman Tree to the left produces a ‘0’ bit and the right produces a ‘0’ bit and the right produces a ‘1’ bitproduces a ‘1’ bit
![Page 4: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
DefinitionsDefinitions
• Bit string: any combination of two or Bit string: any combination of two or more bitsmore bits
• Text = ASCII text = Uncompressed Text = ASCII text = Uncompressed text = Decoded texttext = Decoded text
• Encoded text = Huffman encoding = Encoded text = Huffman encoding = Compressed textCompressed text
![Page 5: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Definitions Continued…Definitions Continued…
• Leaf Node: Has 1 parent and [0, 1) Leaf Node: Has 1 parent and [0, 1) childrenchildren
• Non-leaf Node: Has 1 parent and [1, Non-leaf Node: Has 1 parent and [1, 2] children2] children
• Root Node: Has 0 parents and [0, 2] Root Node: Has 0 parents and [0, 2] childrenchildren
![Page 6: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2 5
1
6
3 4
10
98
11
7
Root Node Non-leaf Node Leaf Node
Binary Binary TreeTree
![Page 7: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Root Node Non-leaf Node Leaf Node
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree0 1
0
0 0
0 11
11
![Page 8: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
‘000’
Root Node Non-leaf Node Leaf Node
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree0 1
0
0 0
0 11
11
![Page 9: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
‘000’ ’010’
Root Node Non-leaf Node Leaf Node
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree0 1
0
0 0
0 11
11
![Page 10: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
‘000’ ’010’ ‘011’
Root Node Non-leaf Node Leaf Node
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree0 1
0
0 0
0 11
11
![Page 11: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
‘000’ ’010’ ‘011’ ‘101’
Root Node Non-leaf Node Leaf Node
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree0 1
0
0 0
0 11
11
![Page 12: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
‘000’ ’010’ ‘011’
’11’
‘101’
Root Node Non-leaf Node Leaf Node
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree0 1
0
0 0
0 11
11
![Page 13: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
‘000’ ’010’ ‘011’
’11’
‘101’
Root Node Non-leaf Node Leaf Node
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree0 1
0
0 0
0 11
11
![Page 14: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
![Page 15: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
‘t’
‘y’
‘e’
‘w’
‘r’ ‘q’
0
10
1
10
‘y’ : 0
‘w’ : 1
‘t’ : 00
‘e’ : 01
‘r’ : 10
‘q’ : 11
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 61 bytes
Compression: 79.7 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
![Page 16: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
‘t’
‘y’
‘e’
‘w’
‘r’ ‘q’
0
10
1
10
‘y’ : 0
‘w’ : 1
‘t’ : 00
‘e’ : 01
‘r’ : 10
‘q’ : 11
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 61 bytes
Compression: 79.7 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110000
![Page 17: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
‘t’
‘y’
‘e’
‘w’
‘r’ ‘q’
0
10
1
10
‘y’ : 0
‘w’ : 1
‘t’ : 00
‘e’ : 01
‘r’ : 10
‘q’ : 11
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 61 bytes
Compression: 79.7 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110000
1: w
![Page 18: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
‘t’
‘y’
‘e’
‘w’
‘r’ ‘q’
0
10
1
10
‘y’ : 0
‘w’ : 1
‘t’ : 00
‘e’ : 01
‘r’ : 10
‘q’ : 11
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 61 bytes
Compression: 79.7 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110000
11: ww
11: q
![Page 19: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
‘t’
‘y’
‘e’
‘w’
‘r’ ‘q’
0
10
1
10
‘y’ : 0
‘w’ : 1
‘t’ : 00
‘e’ : 01
‘r’ : 10
‘q’ : 11
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 61 bytes
Compression: 79.7 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110000
111: www
111: wq
111: qw
![Page 20: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
‘t’
‘y’
‘e’
‘w’
‘r’ ‘q’
0
10
1
10
‘y’ : 0
‘w’ : 1
‘t’ : 00
‘e’ : 01
‘r’ : 10
‘q’ : 11
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 61 bytes
Compression: 79.7 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110000
111: www
111: wq
111: qw
![Page 21: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
‘t’
‘y’
‘e’
‘w’
‘r’ ‘q’
0
10
1
10
‘y’ : 0
‘w’ : 1
‘t’ : 00
‘e’ : 01
‘r’ : 10
‘q’ : 11
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 61 bytes
Compression: 79.7 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110000
111: www
111: wq
111: qw
![Page 22: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
‘t’
‘y’
‘e’
‘w’
‘r’ ‘q’
0
10
1
10
‘y’ : 0
‘w’ : 1
‘t’ : 00
‘e’ : 01
‘r’ : 10
‘q’ : 11
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 61 bytes
Compression: 79.7 percent
BadBadHuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
![Page 23: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
‘t’
‘y’
‘e’
‘w’
‘r’ ‘q’
0
10
1
10
‘y’ : 0
‘w’ : 1
‘t’ : 00
‘e’ : 01
‘r’ : 10
‘q’ : 11
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 61 bytes
Compression: 79.7 percent
BadBadHuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Encode: q w e r t y
Code: 11 1 01 10 00 0
![Page 24: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Huffman Tree ConstructionHuffman Tree Construction
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
![Page 25: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Process Text File & Build Array of Process Text File & Build Array of NodesNodes
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘y’,1
![Page 26: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Process Text File & Build Array of Process Text File & Build Array of NodesNodes
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘y’,1 ‘q’,1
![Page 27: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Process Text File & Build Array of Process Text File & Build Array of NodesNodes
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘y’,1 ‘w’,1‘q’,1
![Page 28: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Process Text File & Build Array of Process Text File & Build Array of NodesNodes
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘y’,1 ‘w’,1 ‘t’,1‘q’,1
![Page 29: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Process Text File & Build Array of Process Text File & Build Array of NodesNodes
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘y’,1 ‘w’,1 ‘t’,1 ‘e’,1‘q’,1
![Page 30: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Process Text File & Build Array of Process Text File & Build Array of NodesNodes
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘y’,1 ‘w’,1 ‘t’,1 ‘r’,1‘e’,1‘q’,1
![Page 31: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Process Text File & Build Array of Process Text File & Build Array of NodesNodes
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘y’,2 ‘w’,1 ‘t’,1 ‘r’,1‘e’,1‘q’,1
![Page 32: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Process Text File & Build Array of Process Text File & Build Array of NodesNodes
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘y’,57 ‘w’,58 ‘t’,40 ‘r’,47‘e’,43‘q’,55
![Page 33: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Process Text File & Build Array of Process Text File & Build Array of NodesNodes
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘y’,57 ‘w’,58 ‘t’,40 ‘r’,47‘e’,43‘q’,55
Each distinct character onlyappears in the array once along
with the # of times it occurs
![Page 34: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Sort the arraySort the array
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘t’,40 ‘r’,47 ‘q’,55 ‘w’,58‘y’,57‘e’,43
![Page 35: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Constructing the treeConstructing the tree
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘t’,40 ‘r’,47 ‘q’,55 ‘w’,58‘y’,57‘e’,43
![Page 36: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Constructing the treeConstructing the tree
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘t’,40
‘r’,47 ‘q’,55 ‘w’,58‘y’,57
‘e’,43
83
![Page 37: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Constructing the treeConstructing the tree
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘t’,40
‘r’,47 ‘q’,55 ‘w’,58‘y’,57
‘e’,43
83
![Page 38: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Constructing the treeConstructing the tree
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘t’,40
‘r’,47 ‘q’,55 ‘w’,58‘y’,57
‘e’,43
83
![Page 39: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Constructing the treeConstructing the tree
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘t’,40
‘w’,58‘y’,57
‘e’,43
83
‘r’,47 ‘q’,55
102
![Page 40: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Constructing the treeConstructing the tree
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘t’,40
‘w’,58‘y’,57
‘e’,43
83
‘r’,47 ‘q’,55
102
![Page 41: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Constructing the treeConstructing the tree
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘t’,40
‘w’,58‘y’,57
‘e’,43
83
‘r’,47 ‘q’,55
102
![Page 42: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Constructing the treeConstructing the tree
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘t’,40 ‘e’,43
83
‘r’,47 ‘q’,55
102
‘y’,57 ‘w’,58
115
![Page 43: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Constructing the treeConstructing the tree
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘t’,40 ‘e’,43
83
‘r’,47 ‘q’,55
102
‘y’,57 ‘w’,58
115
![Page 44: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Constructing the treeConstructing the tree
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘t’,40 ‘e’,43
83
‘r’,47 ‘q’,55
102
‘y’,57 ‘w’,58
115
![Page 45: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Constructing the treeConstructing the tree
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:‘t’,40 ‘e’,43
83
‘r’,47 ‘q’,55
102
‘y’,57 ‘w’,58
115185
![Page 46: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Constructing the treeConstructing the tree
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:‘t’,40 ‘e’,43
83
‘r’,47 ‘q’,55
102‘y’,57 ‘w’,58
115 185
![Page 47: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Constructing the treeConstructing the tree
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:‘t’,40 ‘e’,43
83
‘r’,47 ‘q’,55
102‘y’,57 ‘w’,58
115 185
![Page 48: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Constructing the treeConstructing the tree
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘t’,40 ‘e’,43
83
‘r’,47 ‘q’,55
102‘y’,57 ‘w’,58
115 185
300
![Page 49: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Huffman Tree Construction:Huffman Tree Construction:Constructing the treeConstructing the tree
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
‘t’,40 ‘e’,43
83
‘r’,47 ‘q’,55
102‘y’,57 ‘w’,58
115 185
300
![Page 50: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
yqwteryqreytqywteweryqtwreqwewtryqwetytqrwqrtwtwqyqtwreqqywywytrwtqywqyqyewrqwyqwyrewqytqwtyrwyeqyrweytrtryytwrwqererrwtwqtretyytwtreryqqwewqywterqwyyqyqtweyqwreywqryqwreyqytqweytqweyqwreyqweyqwreyqwteryqwreyqwteryqwteryqwreyqwtreyqwtreyqwreyqwtreyqtwtryrereyqyqtwyweyrerrtqrwrwetqtrqywretqwwytqeyqwe
Input File:
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
![Page 51: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Huffman Tree:Huffman Tree:Compression ComputationCompression Computation
•NN : # of distinct characters : # of distinct characters•nnii : # of times a character at the i : # of times a character at the ithth
index occursindex occurs•bbii : # of bits used to encode a : # of bits used to encode a
character at the icharacter at the ithth index index• 8 : # of bits stored in a byte8 : # of bits stored in a byte
•
1
0
8/N
iii bn ‘y’,57 ‘w’,58 ‘t’,40 ‘r’,47‘e’,43‘q’,55
![Page 52: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Compression Computation Compression Computation ExampleExample
•
• Produces:Produces:(57 * 2) + (55 * 3) + (58 * 2) + (40 * 3) + (43 * 3) + (47 * 3)(57 * 2) + (55 * 3) + (58 * 2) + (40 * 3) + (43 * 3) + (47 * 3)
88
= 98.125 -> 99 bytes= 98.125 -> 99 bytes
1
0
8/N
iii bn ‘y’,57 ‘w’,58 ‘t’,40 ‘r’,47‘e’,43‘q’,55
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
![Page 53: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
![Page 54: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer:
![Page 55: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer:
![Page 56: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer:
![Page 57: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: q
![Page 58: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: q
![Page 59: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: q
![Page 60: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qw
![Page 61: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qw
![Page 62: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qw
![Page 63: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qw
![Page 64: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qwe
![Page 65: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qwe
![Page 66: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qwe
![Page 67: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qwe
![Page 68: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qwer
![Page 69: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qwer
![Page 70: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qwer
![Page 71: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qwer
![Page 72: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qwert
![Page 73: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qwert
![Page 74: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qwert
![Page 75: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qwerty
![Page 76: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
‘y’,57
115
‘w’,58
‘t’,40
185
‘r’,47
83
300
‘e’,43 ‘q’,55
102
0
10
1
1
11
0
0
‘y’ : 00
‘w’ : 01
‘t’ : 100
‘e’ : 101
‘r’ : 110
‘q’ : 111
0
Huffman
Encoding:
Uncompressed: 300 bytes
Compressed: 99 bytes
Compression: 67 percent
HuffmaHuffman Treen Tree
Decode: 1110110111010000
Answer: qwerty
![Page 77: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Huffman EncodingHuffman EncodingReal World ExampleReal World Example
• Huffman (C++)Huffman (C++)
• Text I/O DirectoryText I/O Directory
![Page 78: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Huffman HomeworkHuffman Homework
1.1. Construct a Huffman tree for the Construct a Huffman tree for the following input file. You only need to following input file. You only need to show the final tree. These are the only show the final tree. These are the only characters in the file and the # of times characters in the file and the # of times they occur: (a, 50)(b, 60)(c, 70)(d, 80)they occur: (a, 50)(b, 60)(c, 70)(d, 80)
2.2. How many bytes will the compressed How many bytes will the compressed text file occupy?text file occupy?
![Page 79: Text Compression Huffman Coding](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061421/56812f58550346895d94e86b/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Works CitedWorks Cited
• ““ASCII.” ASCII.” Wikipedia The Free EncyclopediaWikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. 2008. . 2008. 21 January 2008. <21 January 2008. <http://http://en.wikipedia.orgen.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII/wiki/ASCII>>
• Dewdney, A. K. Dewdney, A. K. The New Turing OmnibusThe New Turing Omnibus. New . New York: Henry Holt, 1989. Pages 345 – 350.York: Henry Holt, 1989. Pages 345 – 350.
• Line Termination: Operating Systems Use Line Termination: Operating Systems Use Different ConventionsDifferent Conventions. 21 January 2008. <. 21 January 2008. <http://homepage.smc.edu/morgan_david/CS41/linhttp://homepage.smc.edu/morgan_david/CS41/lineterminators.htmeterminators.htm>>