Texas Reading Essentialsand Study Guide

G l e n c o e

Student Workbook

To the StudentGlencoe World History Texas Reading Essentials and Study Guide is designed to help you use

recognized reading strategies to improve your reading-for-information skills. For each sec-tion of the student textbook, you are alerted to key terms and are asked to draw from priorknowledge, organize your thoughts with a graphic organizer, and then follow a process toread and understand the text. The Texas Reading Essentials and Study Guide was prepared tohelp you concentrate on learning the material covered on the TAKS test. Throughout thetext, content related to the TEKS included in the grades 10 and 11 TAKS test is highlighted.The specific TEKS that the content meets is printed in the margin.

Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted toreproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only forclassroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solelyin conjunction with Glencoe World History. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibitedwithout written permission from the publisher.

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Table of Contents

TAKS Objectives and TEKS Student Expectations ..................................................vii

Chapter 1: The First HumansSection 1: Early Humans .........................................................................................1Section 2: The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization .............................5

Chapter 2: Western Asia and EgyptSection 1: Civilization Begins in Mesopotamia ........................................................9Section 2: Egyptian Civilization: The Gift of the Nile .........................................14Section 3: New Centers of Civilization ..................................................................20Section 4: The Rise of New Empires......................................................................24

Chapter 3: India and ChinaSection 1: Early Civilization in India......................................................................27Section 2: New Empires in India ...........................................................................33Section 3: Early Chinese Civilizations ....................................................................38Section 4: Rise and Fall of Chinese Empires ..........................................................44

Chapter 4: Ancient GreeceSection 1: The First Greek Civilizations .................................................................48Section 2: The Greek City-States ...........................................................................52Section 3: Classical Greece ....................................................................................57Section 4: The Culture of Classical Greece ............................................................62Section 5: Alexander and the Hellenistic Kingdoms ..............................................67

Chapter 5: Rome and the Rise of ChristianitySection 1: The Rise of Rome..................................................................................71Section 2: From Republic to Empire ......................................................................76Section 3: Culture and Society in the Roman World .............................................81Section 4: The Development of Christianity ..........................................................85Section 5: Decline and Fall ....................................................................................89

Chapter 6: The World of IslamSection 1: The Rise of Islam ..................................................................................92Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors .....................................................96Section 3: Islamic Civilization ..............................................................................101Section 4: The Culture of Islam ...........................................................................104

Chapter 7: Early African CivilizationsSection 1: The Development of Civilizations in Africa .........................................108Section 2: Kingdoms and States of Africa ............................................................112Section 3: African Society and Culture ................................................................116

Chapter 8: The Asian WorldSection 1: China Reunified ..................................................................................120

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Section 2: The Mongols and China ......................................................................124Section 3: Early Japan and Korea ........................................................................128Section 4: India After the Guptas ........................................................................133Section 5: Civilization in Southeast Asia .............................................................138

Chapter 9: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine EmpireSection 1: Transforming the Roman World .........................................................143Section 2: Feudalism ...........................................................................................147Section 3: The Growth of European Kingdoms....................................................151Section 4: The Byzantine Empire and the Crusades ............................................156

Chapter 10: Europe in the Middle AgesSection 1: Peasants, Trade, and Cities .................................................................161Section 2: Christianity and Medieval Civilization ................................................167Section 3: The Culture of the High Middle Ages..................................................171Section 4: The Late Middle Ages .........................................................................175

Chapter 11: The AmericasSection 1: The Peoples of North America............................................................180Section 2: Early Civilizations in Mesoamerica .....................................................184Section 3: Early Civilizations in South America ...................................................188

Chapter 12: Renaissance and ReformationSection 1: The Renaissance .................................................................................191Section 2: The Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance............................................196Section 3: The Protestant Reformation................................................................200Section 4: The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Response....................205

Chapter 13: The Age of ExplorationSection 1: Exploration and Expansion .................................................................210Section 2: Africa in an Age of Transition .............................................................215Section 3: Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade ......................................218

Chapter 14: Crisis and Absolutism in EuropeSection 1: Europe in Crisis: The Wars of Religion ...............................................222Section 2: Social Crises, War, and Revolution .....................................................226Section 3: Response to Crisis: Absolutism ...........................................................231Section 4: The World of European Culture ..........................................................235

Chapter 15: The Muslim EmpiresSection 1: The Ottoman Empire ..........................................................................239Section 2: The Rule of the Safavids .....................................................................244Section 3: The Grandeur of the Moguls...............................................................247

Chapter 16: The East Asian WorldSection 1: China at Its Height ..............................................................................252Section 2: Chinese Society and Culture ...............................................................256

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Section 3: Tokugawa Japan and Korea ................................................................259

Chapter 17: Revolution and EnlightenmentSection 1: The Scientific Revolution ....................................................................264Section 2: The Enlightenment..............................................................................269Section 3: The Impact of the Enlightenment........................................................274Section 4: Colonial Empires and the American Revolution..................................279

Chapter 18: The French Revolution and NapoleonSection 1: The French Revolution Begins ............................................................284Section 2: Radical Revolution and Reaction ........................................................289Section 3: The Age of Napoleon ..........................................................................294

Chapter 19: Industrialization and NationalismSection 1: The Industrial Revolution ...................................................................299Section 2: Reaction and Revolution.....................................................................304Section 3: National Unification and the National State .......................................309Section 4: Culture: Romanticism and Realism .....................................................315

Chapter 20: Mass Society and DemocracySection 1: The Growth of Industrial Prosperity ..........