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Texas InstrumentsA Smart Meter Analysis
Hamilton IgnacioProduct & Application ManagerTexas Instruments South America
19 a 21 de outubro de 2009Hotel Transamérica
São PauloBRASIL
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Terminology Review
• Smart Grid
• Smart Meter• AMR - Automated Meter Reading
• AMI – Automated Meter Infrastructure
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AMI Basics
• Smart Meter– Two-way gateway, utility to consumer– Metrology– Time-of-use billing, prepayment, net-metering, disconnect…
• Local Area Network (LAN)– Two-way communication, utility-to-smart meter– ISM, PLC modem, Cellular, WiMax…
• Home Area Network (HAN)– Two-way communication inside the home to the provider (likely)
via the smart meter– In-Home Display (IHD), programmable communicating thermostat
(PCT), Demand Response Units (DRU), smart appliances…
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A Typical AMI Deployment
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AMI solutions and terminology
Wide Area Network(WAN)
Home Area Network(HAN)
Smart Meter
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Electricity Meters classes
IV
Main MCU8-bits, 16KB
Energy, RTC, Control, Display
900/868 ISMor PLC, Echelon, (wi)MBus, WiMax, GPRS, RS485
LocalArea
Network
HomeArea
Network
Power
Register/Metrology
Main MCU16-bits, 64KB
Energy, RTC, Control, Display
Main MCU32-bits, 1MB
Energy, RTC, Control, Display
802.15.4/ZSEor 6LoWPAN,Z- Wave, HPSE
Watt-hour “AMR” “Smart”
PowerPower
900/868 ISMor PLC, Echelon, (wi)MBus, WiMax, GPRS, RS485
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A Smart Meter
The Spine of for the Smart Grid
• Class 0.2 ANSI/IEC energy counter• Two-way communicating gateway for:
– utility managed local area network (LAN)– consumer managed home area network (HAN)
• Time-based pricing• Demand responsive
• Remote connect• Pre-payment
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Metrology Function
• IEC62053, ANSI C12.x compliant energy counter
• Dedicated Embedded Signal Processor (ESP) calculates energy
• <2uA RTC mode
• LCD driver options
• Simple capacitor power supply
3.3VTPS73033
MSP430FE42xA
E-Meter SoC
RTC, LCD
I
V
ESP
LN
UART, SPI
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Metrology coupled with application processor
• Growing Utilities requirements
• Growing SW Requirements
• Need for large amount of flash and connectivity
. . .
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Wide Area Network• Two-way utility-to-meter
– 868/900MHz ISM– S-FSK, PRIME PLC– OFDM– … other…
– GPRS– WiMAX– Echelon– RS485
. . .
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Flexible programmable PLC Solution – Adapting to the evolving standards
• Programmable solution in single F28x (from low end to high end)• Open platform with certified SW components/APIs to customers• PRIME PCL is ready today (PRIME PHY + lowerMAC) • Leave room for application specific customization a nd value add• New SW loads for others standards (G3, S-FSK, Echel on, DALI)• ASIC equivalent footprint: trade-off between MIPS/M EM
Line Driver
TMS320F28xTM
12-bit ADC
PWM out
Receive Filtersurge protector
coupling transformerHV cap
power-line
Flexible PLC SW
Engine
PLC modem implementation on TMS320F28xTM 32-bit MCU - simplified block diagram
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12
Three different approaches for RF applications
Application MCU+RF Protocol Processor
Application MCURF Radio
RF Systems-on-Chip
Application
Wireless Protocols
Radio
RF SoC(CC430, CC2430, CC2510, CC1110)
Transceiver(CC1101, CC2500, CC2520)
MSP430(F54xx, F24xx,
F26xx)
Stellaris
MSP430Stellaris
Protocolprocessor(CC2480)
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Home Area Network
• Two-way meter-to-home– 802.15.4/ZigBee SE– 6LoWPAN– HomePlug SE PLC
– … other …
– Z-wave– W-Mbus (EN13757-4)
. . .
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A complete Smart Meter Solution• Metrology
– All major functions
• Wide Area Network (WAN)– Two-way from utility-to-meter– 868/900MHz ISM
– PLC (SFSK, OFDM, PRIME)
– GSM/GPRS– WiMAX
• Home Area Network (HAN)– Two-way from meter-to-home– ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 SE
– HomePlug SE
– PLC
www.ti.com/metering
MSP430FE42xA
E-Meter SoC
RTC, LCD
LN
1.8V 3.3V
TL3842
Isolated AC/
DC
TPS70251
Dual LDO
CC2530/CC2591
802.15.4 SoC
Radio, MCU, PA/LNA
I
V
ESP
SN65HVD
3082E
RS485
TRF7960
Pre-payment
RFID
CC11xx/CC430
ISM-band SoC
Radio, MCU
Enfora
GSM/GPRS
Enabler III Module
TMS320F28xx
Flexible PLC Modem
32-bit DSP
PGA112
OPA564
Application Processor
Stellaris Cortex M3/
MSP430F54xx
PWM
ADC
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Smart Meter Design Priorities
• Sufficient Accuracy• Long operational life ~ 17 years• Secure
• Flexible … future proof … upgradeable• Low total cost
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Quality Levels – as demanding as automotive
• Space borne instruments– Can not be serviced
• Military equipment– Documented quality
• Automotive– Zero defects
• Industrial– Extended temp -40oC to +85oC
• Commercial– Low-cost
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Automotive versus Metering
• Automotive = 200miles ~ 7k hours• Meter = 17 years ~ 148k hours
…• A meter has a 100x operation life• You can recall a car …• Expensive to roll a truck to million’s homes
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What Fails First
• Physical connectors• Electrolytic’s subject to high voltage ripple• PCB soldering• Power semiconductors• Silicon• Embedded design trap
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Common Embedded Traps
• Power-supply “brown-out”• Wild software • Crystal failure• Memory corruption
– Updateable firmware …similar to self administered brain surgery
– Do you have a limp mode in ROM?
• Simplicity versus upgradability• Moving target on communication standards
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Smart Meters Tomorrow
• Higher integration, System on-Chip (SoC)– Modern architecture “DSL like”, “GSM like”
… application processor + DSP acceleration– 15+ year reliability … automotive like– Higher quality– Reduced cost
• Programmable communication capability– Software defined radio – Ability to meet changing requirements
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Live example of a smart Meter
. . .
• Demonstrate key TI components available today for a smart meter solution
• Metrology – Based on the 3-phase MSP430 Meter
board
• 900MHz Wireless Solution– Based on CC430 900MHz RF SoC– Wide Area Network support (WAN)– Wireless Mbus support
• 2.4GHz Wireless Solution– Based on CC2530 2.4GHz
Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 RF SoC– Home Area Network support (HAN)
• Power Line Communication– Based TMS320F28x 32-bit MCU– S-FSK and OFDM – Solutions up to 128kb/s– WAN and HAN support
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SMB Demo Setup: two-ways communication
Energy Display
Zigbee Enabled
PLC Modem Terminal –Remote control
MSP430F47197
E-Meter SoC
RTC, LCD
L N
I
V
SD16. . .
TMS320F28xx
Flexible PLC Modem
32-bit MCU
PGA112
OPA564PWM
ADC
CC2530
802.15.4- ZigBee SoC
Radio + MCU
CC430
ISM-band SoC
Radio + MCU
SCI
SPISPI
UART Interface
SCI
TMS320F28xx
Flexible PLC Modem
32-bit MCU
PGA112
OPA564PWM
ADC
USB Interface
SCI/USB
PLC KIT
Smart Meter Board (SMB)
LOAD
PLC SoM
From the meter to the outside world• MSP430 measures energy• Measurement information sent to
wireless Display via the CC2530• Measurement information sent to
remote PLC modem terminal via Power Line with the 32-bit F28x MCU
From the outside world to the meter• New configuration set-up sent to the
meter via power-line (new tariff profile, new parameter..?)
• Impact on measurement and visible change displayed on Energy Display
Future steps:• Future communication upgrade with
900MHz CC430 options• Load demand response