Texas and Texans Unit 2, Explorers and Settlers

Beginnings until 1821

The Ancient TexansChapter 3, Section 1

Vocabulary

1.Archaeologist2.Artifact3.Culture4.Anthropologist5.Nomad

.

Texans and Their Environment (Survival)

Native Americans Gulf Peoples Europeans

Texans and Their Environment (Survival)

Native Americans Gulf Peoples Europeans

Hunted Hunted Hunted

Gathered Berries and Roots

Foraged Farmed

Farmed Learned to prepare new foodsAdopted Native American words

Sequencing• Place these events into a chronological order

1.Europeans arrive in Texas2.People obtain food by hunting3.People migrate from Asia to present-

day Alaska4.People grow food

Correct Sequence• Place these events into a chronological order

1.People migrate from Asia to present-day Alaska

2.People obtain food by hunting3.People grow food4.Europeans arrive in Texas

Reflection Questions 3.11. What are some items archaeologists study to learn how

people once lived?2. Define culture.3. How did early people first reach the American continent

from Asia?4. How do scientists learn how ancient people viewed

themselves (think self-expression)?5. How did farming change the way native people in Texas

lived?

Southeastern and Gulf Cultures

Chapter 3, Section 2

Vocabulary

1. Confederacy2. Matrilineal3. Shaman

Southeastern and Gulf CulturesFood Settlements

Caddos

Coahuiltecans

Karankawas

Wichitas

Southeastern and Gulf culturesFood Settlements

Caddos Crops, berries, fish, game Villages of mud and straw houses

Coahuiltecans Fish, game, cactus plants, mesquite, agave, worms, and lizards

campsites

Karankawas Nits, berries, game, fish, porpoises, turtles, clams, and oysters

camps

Wichitas Crops and game Caddo like settlements

Where are they now?Native American

GroupIn Texas Out of Texas

Caddos

Wichitas

Alabamas

Karankawas

Where are they now?Native American

GroupIn Texas Out of Texas

Caddos XWichitas XAlabamas XKarankawas X

Reflection Questions 3.21. Briefly describe the Caddo system of government. (overall)2. What tasks did Caddo Government leaders take charge of?

(specific function)3. What was the role of the shaman in Native American

culture?4. Why did the Wichitas and Caddos exist peacefully with the

French?5. How were the Caddos involved in trade with other groups

of the time?

Discussion Question 3.2• What do you think is the main reason only the Alabamas Tribe remain

in Texas today?

Pueblo and Plains Cultures

Chapter 3, Section 3

Vocabulary

1. Middlemen2. Adobe3. Tepee

Pueblo and Plains CulturesNative

AmericanTribes

Plains

Pueblo

Pueblo and Plains CulturesNative

AmericanTribes

Plains

Pueblo

JumanosTiguas Comanche

Apache

Tonkawas

Jumanos

Kiowas

Important facts about Native TribesGroup/Tribe Important FactJumanosTiguasTonkawasApachesComanchesKiowas

Important facts about Native TribesGroup/Tribe Important FactJumanos Acted as middlemen

Tiguas Culture was matrilineal

Tonkawas Lost many of their tribe members to conflict and wars

Apaches Speak in a language similar to Native Americans of Canada and Alaska

Comanches Occupied vast territories of land

Kiowas Developed the use of tepees

Reflection Questions 3.31. How were the Pueblo Jumano homes unique?2. How does language study help determine a group’s

origins?3. What are two ways the Plains people used the horse?4. Comanche life centered on what two activities?5. How did the Kiowas “record” their history?6. What were some reasons Native American tribes fought

other Native Americans and European settlers?

Chapter review• Complete chapter review on the paper

First steps in a new land

Chapter 4, Section 1

Answer these questions in your notebook• What is mercantilism?• What is another name for a Spanish soldier?• What was the main goals of the Spanish exploration?• What was a friar and how did they help the Spanish exploration

efforts?• How did the goals of the Spanish explorers in Mexico and texas differ?• Why was cortes so interested in conquering the Aztecs?

Explorer sequencing• Use a Flow map to create a time line for the following explorers to

texas• Include the year of their exploration in the box with the explorers

name• Cortes• Columbus• Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico• Cabeza de vaca and Narvaez• Alvarez de pineda

Areas of explorationExplorer Area of Exploration

Columbus

Cortes

Alvarez de Pineda

Cabeza de Vaca

The Spanish explore texaschapter 4, section 2• In your notebook:

EXPLORER GOAL(S) Native Americans They Encountered

Fray Marcos

Estevanico

Coronado

Moscoso

Answer these questions after you read• What is a viceroy and why was he such a powerful figure?• Why did Spanish explorers search for Cibola and quivira and what did

they find?• what motivated the Spanish explorers to leave home for these daring

expeditions to the Americas?

Complete in your notebook

Explorers Discoveries Problems Encountered/Setbacks

Cabeza de Vaca

Coronado

Moscoso

Lasalle awakens Spanish interest• In your notebook:

European Exploring Nation Location of Colonies in North America

England (Great Britain)

France

Spain

MAP Exercise• Look at the map on page 113• Find the location of La Salle’s camp at Fort St. Louis which was

established in the summer of 1865• Examine the route taken by La Salle and his men from Fort St. Louis in

January, 1687• Determine the amount of time (in months) it took the remaining men

from La Salle’s expedition to reach the Mississippi river (La salle was murdered enroute)

Determine a time line• Place these events in chronological order using a modified flow map• La Salle’s ship sails too far west and south• La salle is murdered• La salle searches for other settlements• Fort st. Louis is built• La salle intends to establish a Mississippi riveR colony

Fact review• What is a sandbar?• What is a stockade?• When the French colonists established fort St. Louis in 1865, they

expected to make it a permanent settlement. Why did fort St. Louis fail?

Missions and Settlements

Chapter 5

First Spanish missions in texas• In your notebook:

Location Mission Date (year)

Near El Paso

East Texas

First Spanish missions in texas• In your notebook:

Location Mission Date (year)

Near El Paso Corpus Christi de la Yslenta 1682

East Texas San Fransisco de los Tejas 1690

Key persons in the missions of texas• In your notebook:

Person Role in Early Texas Missions

de Leon

Angelina

Massanet

Hildago

St. Denis

Ramon

Key person in the Missions of Texas• In your notebook:

Person Role in Early Texas Missionsde Leon Established a relationship with Tejas

Angelina Guide and interpreter

Massanet Established first mission

Hidalgo Asked French to set up missions

St. Denis Built a trading post

Ramon Commander of the Presidio

Discussion Question 5.1• MLA Format• At least 75 words

• How did the French and Spanish differ in their relations with the Native Americans of Texas?

Building CommunitiesChapter 5, Section 3

Building communities• Identify an ayuntamiento and an alcalde and relate them to terms we

currently use• What is the difference between a Tejano and a mestizos?• Why were there more males than females making up the population

of the Spanish settlements?• What was life like for Native Americans in the missions?

Occupations in Spanish TexasSpanish Women African Americans

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.

4. 4. 4.

5. 5. 5.

6. 6.

7.

8.

Occupations in Spanish TexasSpanish Women African Americans

1. Soldiers 1. Midwives 1. Miners

2. Farmers 2. Ranchers 2. Domestics

3. Ranchers 3. Seamstresses 3. Farmers

4. Merchants 4. Storekeepers 4. Ranchers

5. Tailors 5. Farm Managers 5. Merchants

6. Shoemakers 6. Carpenters

7. Barbers

8. Blacksmiths

Make comparisonsMissions Presidios Settlements

What was the purpose? To convert the Native Americans

Who lived there? Spanish Soldiers

What were the daily activities?

Ranching, farming, community events

What were the main problems?

No schools, diseases

Make comparisonsMissions Persidios Settlements

What was the purpose? To convert the Native Americans

Protect missions and settlements

Create towns in Spanish Texas

Who lived there? Friars, Native Americans Spanish Soldiers Spaniards, African Americans, Native Americans

What were the daily activities?

Farming, crafts, education Protecting the missions and settlements

Ranching, farming, community events

What were the main problems?

Harsh discipline, far from the other settlements; Native American resentment, they did not want to stay there

Controlling the Native Americans, scouting, danger, low pay, lack of supplies

No schools, diseases

End of Spanish RuleChapter 6

Vocabulary• Define these words:

• Alliance• Filibuster

Cause and effect

Cause Effect

Spain entered the Revolutionary War

Treaty of Paris

Purchase of the Louisiana Territory

Cause and effect

Cause Effect

Spain entered the Revolutionary War Kept New Orleans out of British hands

Treaty of Paris Britain gained Canada and all French land east of the Mississippi River, except New Orleans

Purchase of the Louisiana Territory Anglos pushed across the Mississippi River toward Spanish held Texas

Time LinePut these events into chronological order• A. Baron de Ripperda closes three missions. • B. Fifteen forts are built from Mexico to the Gulf of California. • C. Nacogdoches is founded. • D. Bucareli is founded.

Time LinePut these events into chronological order

Fifteen forts are built

from Mexico to the Gulf

of California.

Baron de Ripperda

closes three missions.

Bucareli is founded.

Nacogdoches is founded.

Unrest Grows in TexasChapter 6, Section 2

Classify Information• In your notebook:

People Significant Action (What did they do that was important?)

Bernardo Guitierrez and Augustus Magee

Michel Aury and Jean Laffite

James Long

Classify Information• In your notebook:

People Significant Action (What did they do that was important?)

Bernardo Guitierrez and Augustus Magee They led the Republican Army and claimed independence for Texas.

Michel Aury and Jean Laffite They captured Spanish vessels (ships) and occupied Galveston Island.

James Long He declared Texas to be free, but he was imprisoned and killed.

Reflection Questions• Why were Mexicans unhappy with Spain and why did they seek to be

independent from Spanish rule?• What was the difference between the government wanted by the

Americans when compared to the type of government desired by the Mexicans?• Why could you call Jean Laffite a “pirate?”

Event Outcomes• In your notebook:

Event OutcomeHidalgo calls for independence

Americans and Mexicans quarrel (fight/argue) over the form of the new government

James Long invades Texas

Event Outcomes• In your notebook:

Event OutcomeHidalgo calls for independence Hidalgo was captured and executed.

Americans and Mexicans quarrel (fight/argue) over the form of the new government

The Republican Army was defeated, and the settlers were forced to leave Texas.

James Long invades Texas He declared Texas to be independent and was elected president. He later was captured and killed in Mexico City.

Spanish Rule Ends in Texas

Chapter 6, Section 3

Vocabulary• Define and know (what it means, not just what the glossary says)

these words:

• Vaquero• Lariat

Reflection Questions• What are the three settlements located in the interior of Texas in

1821?• Why will a lack of settlements make it harder for Mexico to lay claim

to Texas?• How did Antonio Martinez describe Texas (especially San Antonio)

when he was governor?• Do you think Mexico has a valid claim to Texas? Why or Why Not?