tetsuya miki the university of electro-communications, tokyo [email protected] optical network...
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Tetsuya MikiThe University of Electro-Communications Tokyo
mikiiceuecacjp
Optical Network Researchand
Next Generation Highspeed Networks
CERNET2007
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN (Next Generation Networks)
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Telecommunication Services in Japan
87 90 95 2000 05 100
20M
40M
60M
(613M)
80M
ISDN(68M)
POTS(474M)
Broadband Internet272M (20076)
Mobile Internet
Telephone(POTS + ISDN)
100M
(542M)
MobilePHS1031M (20076)
Internet
Source 2007 ICT White Paper Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
(856M)
Broadband Access Progress in Japan
ADSL 138M
CATV 37M
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
FTTH 97M
0
10
5
15
20
30
25
35
40
FTTH30M (2010)
15k(Jan2000)
Su
bsc
rib
er (
Mil
lio
n)
ブロードバンドアクセス合計2237百万 (200512 )
Broadband Subscriber272M (June 2007)
16k(Jan2001) 12k
(Jan2002)
Source Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ( 200767 )
November 2002
May 2007
Progress in Router LAN and Access
Year1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Th
rou
gh
pu
t T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d
(b
ps
) 10P
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
1M
CISCO12000
M160
CISCO7500
FDDI
10M-Ethernet
100M-Ethernet
1G-Ethernet
10G-Ethernet
Router
LAN
CISCO8600
CISCO CRS-1
M640+TXS
ISDN
Access
CATVADSL
FTTH10M
FTTH100M
HSDPA-36MIMT-2000
Wireless
Wired
HSDPA-144M
40G100G-Ethernet
Requirement on Transfer Data Sizeand DelayResponse Time
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G 100G
100
10
1
100m
10m
De
lay
R
esp
on
se
Tim
e (S
ec)
Data Size (Byte)
10K
bps
100K
bps
1Mbp
s
10M
bps
100M
bps
1Gbp
s
Telephone Tele-Education
Tele-Conference(High Quality)
Game
Information Retrieval
Tele-Work
10G
bps
100G
bps
1Tbp
s
Data TransferData Backup etc
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Tele-Conference
TVBroadcast
Internet Traffic Growth in Japan
Source Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ( 2007822 )
(Total Traffic for Major 7 ISP)
Use
rs T
raff
ic (
Gb
ps)
May2005
May2004
May2006
50
100
150
200
0
250
Dial-upLeased Line Access
CATVADSLFTTH Access
300
Up
Down
May2007
May2003
May2002
May2001
+ 150-200per year
+ 65 per year
+ 40 per year
Down
Up
350
Prediction of Traffic Growth
Year
100K
10K
1K
100
10
1
011995 2000 2005 2010
DataInternet(40 growth per year)
Relative value compared to as of 1995 1000 times
in next 20 years
2015
Re
lati
ve
Tra
ffic
Vo
lum
e
2020 2025
10 timesduring
1995-2005
Telephone (5 growth per year)
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Digital Broadcasting
Mobile Phone
FixedTelephone
Mobile Internet
Internet BroadbandInternet
BIC(Broadcasting Internet Convergence)
FMC (Fixed-Mobile Convergence)
TIC (Telephone Internet Convergence)
NGN
Convergence of Network Services
Mobile Phone
Quality No guaranteed QoS (Quality of Service)
Security Network intrusion Virus DoS etc Lack of risk management Terrorism Disaster
Service Management Lack of SLA (Service Level Agreement)
Reliability
User Support
Problems of Conventional Internet
Lack of Dependability
NGN High Performance IP Networks with Guaranteed Quality Security and Reliability
2005 - Trial in Cambridge and Woolwich
Dec 2006 - Start Commercial Service - in Cardiff - VoIP Broadband 24Mbps etc - 350000 sub (June 2007)
2009 50 Penetration
2011 100 Penetration
Dec 2006 - Trial in Tokyo and Osaka
March 2008 - Start Commercial Service - in Tokyo Osaka and Nagoya - VoIP Broadband 100Mbps Multicast etc Around 2010 100 Penetration
NGN Deployment in UK and Japan
21CN British Telecom NGN NTT
Macro Model for Next Generation Network
Backbone Network
ApplicationService
Mobile Access
Access Network
Fixed Access
Fixed Access(Large LAN)
Edge Node
Fixed Wire AP
Mobile Wireless AP
Core Node
L1 ~ L3 Functions
Mobile Gateway Media Gateway
LAN Gateway
L4 ~ Functions
Ma
na
ge
men
t F
un
cti
on
En
d U
se
rF
un
cti
on
Service UserProfile
Transport UserProfile
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Resourceand
AdmissionControl
Functions
Transport Control Functions
Transport Functions
Service Control Functions
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
Oth
er
Ne
two
rks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Application
API
NNIUNI
Source ldquoFunctional requirements and architecture of the NGNrdquo ITU-T Y2012
ITU-T NGN ArchitectureAPI Application InterfaceUNI User-Network InterfaceNNI Network-Network Interface
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
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-
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN (Next Generation Networks)
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Telecommunication Services in Japan
87 90 95 2000 05 100
20M
40M
60M
(613M)
80M
ISDN(68M)
POTS(474M)
Broadband Internet272M (20076)
Mobile Internet
Telephone(POTS + ISDN)
100M
(542M)
MobilePHS1031M (20076)
Internet
Source 2007 ICT White Paper Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
(856M)
Broadband Access Progress in Japan
ADSL 138M
CATV 37M
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
FTTH 97M
0
10
5
15
20
30
25
35
40
FTTH30M (2010)
15k(Jan2000)
Su
bsc
rib
er (
Mil
lio
n)
ブロードバンドアクセス合計2237百万 (200512 )
Broadband Subscriber272M (June 2007)
16k(Jan2001) 12k
(Jan2002)
Source Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ( 200767 )
November 2002
May 2007
Progress in Router LAN and Access
Year1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Th
rou
gh
pu
t T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d
(b
ps
) 10P
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
1M
CISCO12000
M160
CISCO7500
FDDI
10M-Ethernet
100M-Ethernet
1G-Ethernet
10G-Ethernet
Router
LAN
CISCO8600
CISCO CRS-1
M640+TXS
ISDN
Access
CATVADSL
FTTH10M
FTTH100M
HSDPA-36MIMT-2000
Wireless
Wired
HSDPA-144M
40G100G-Ethernet
Requirement on Transfer Data Sizeand DelayResponse Time
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G 100G
100
10
1
100m
10m
De
lay
R
esp
on
se
Tim
e (S
ec)
Data Size (Byte)
10K
bps
100K
bps
1Mbp
s
10M
bps
100M
bps
1Gbp
s
Telephone Tele-Education
Tele-Conference(High Quality)
Game
Information Retrieval
Tele-Work
10G
bps
100G
bps
1Tbp
s
Data TransferData Backup etc
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Tele-Conference
TVBroadcast
Internet Traffic Growth in Japan
Source Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ( 2007822 )
(Total Traffic for Major 7 ISP)
Use
rs T
raff
ic (
Gb
ps)
May2005
May2004
May2006
50
100
150
200
0
250
Dial-upLeased Line Access
CATVADSLFTTH Access
300
Up
Down
May2007
May2003
May2002
May2001
+ 150-200per year
+ 65 per year
+ 40 per year
Down
Up
350
Prediction of Traffic Growth
Year
100K
10K
1K
100
10
1
011995 2000 2005 2010
DataInternet(40 growth per year)
Relative value compared to as of 1995 1000 times
in next 20 years
2015
Re
lati
ve
Tra
ffic
Vo
lum
e
2020 2025
10 timesduring
1995-2005
Telephone (5 growth per year)
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Digital Broadcasting
Mobile Phone
FixedTelephone
Mobile Internet
Internet BroadbandInternet
BIC(Broadcasting Internet Convergence)
FMC (Fixed-Mobile Convergence)
TIC (Telephone Internet Convergence)
NGN
Convergence of Network Services
Mobile Phone
Quality No guaranteed QoS (Quality of Service)
Security Network intrusion Virus DoS etc Lack of risk management Terrorism Disaster
Service Management Lack of SLA (Service Level Agreement)
Reliability
User Support
Problems of Conventional Internet
Lack of Dependability
NGN High Performance IP Networks with Guaranteed Quality Security and Reliability
2005 - Trial in Cambridge and Woolwich
Dec 2006 - Start Commercial Service - in Cardiff - VoIP Broadband 24Mbps etc - 350000 sub (June 2007)
2009 50 Penetration
2011 100 Penetration
Dec 2006 - Trial in Tokyo and Osaka
March 2008 - Start Commercial Service - in Tokyo Osaka and Nagoya - VoIP Broadband 100Mbps Multicast etc Around 2010 100 Penetration
NGN Deployment in UK and Japan
21CN British Telecom NGN NTT
Macro Model for Next Generation Network
Backbone Network
ApplicationService
Mobile Access
Access Network
Fixed Access
Fixed Access(Large LAN)
Edge Node
Fixed Wire AP
Mobile Wireless AP
Core Node
L1 ~ L3 Functions
Mobile Gateway Media Gateway
LAN Gateway
L4 ~ Functions
Ma
na
ge
men
t F
un
cti
on
En
d U
se
rF
un
cti
on
Service UserProfile
Transport UserProfile
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Resourceand
AdmissionControl
Functions
Transport Control Functions
Transport Functions
Service Control Functions
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
Oth
er
Ne
two
rks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Application
API
NNIUNI
Source ldquoFunctional requirements and architecture of the NGNrdquo ITU-T Y2012
ITU-T NGN ArchitectureAPI Application InterfaceUNI User-Network InterfaceNNI Network-Network Interface
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
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- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Telecommunication Services in Japan
87 90 95 2000 05 100
20M
40M
60M
(613M)
80M
ISDN(68M)
POTS(474M)
Broadband Internet272M (20076)
Mobile Internet
Telephone(POTS + ISDN)
100M
(542M)
MobilePHS1031M (20076)
Internet
Source 2007 ICT White Paper Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
(856M)
Broadband Access Progress in Japan
ADSL 138M
CATV 37M
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
FTTH 97M
0
10
5
15
20
30
25
35
40
FTTH30M (2010)
15k(Jan2000)
Su
bsc
rib
er (
Mil
lio
n)
ブロードバンドアクセス合計2237百万 (200512 )
Broadband Subscriber272M (June 2007)
16k(Jan2001) 12k
(Jan2002)
Source Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ( 200767 )
November 2002
May 2007
Progress in Router LAN and Access
Year1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Th
rou
gh
pu
t T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d
(b
ps
) 10P
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
1M
CISCO12000
M160
CISCO7500
FDDI
10M-Ethernet
100M-Ethernet
1G-Ethernet
10G-Ethernet
Router
LAN
CISCO8600
CISCO CRS-1
M640+TXS
ISDN
Access
CATVADSL
FTTH10M
FTTH100M
HSDPA-36MIMT-2000
Wireless
Wired
HSDPA-144M
40G100G-Ethernet
Requirement on Transfer Data Sizeand DelayResponse Time
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G 100G
100
10
1
100m
10m
De
lay
R
esp
on
se
Tim
e (S
ec)
Data Size (Byte)
10K
bps
100K
bps
1Mbp
s
10M
bps
100M
bps
1Gbp
s
Telephone Tele-Education
Tele-Conference(High Quality)
Game
Information Retrieval
Tele-Work
10G
bps
100G
bps
1Tbp
s
Data TransferData Backup etc
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Tele-Conference
TVBroadcast
Internet Traffic Growth in Japan
Source Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ( 2007822 )
(Total Traffic for Major 7 ISP)
Use
rs T
raff
ic (
Gb
ps)
May2005
May2004
May2006
50
100
150
200
0
250
Dial-upLeased Line Access
CATVADSLFTTH Access
300
Up
Down
May2007
May2003
May2002
May2001
+ 150-200per year
+ 65 per year
+ 40 per year
Down
Up
350
Prediction of Traffic Growth
Year
100K
10K
1K
100
10
1
011995 2000 2005 2010
DataInternet(40 growth per year)
Relative value compared to as of 1995 1000 times
in next 20 years
2015
Re
lati
ve
Tra
ffic
Vo
lum
e
2020 2025
10 timesduring
1995-2005
Telephone (5 growth per year)
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Digital Broadcasting
Mobile Phone
FixedTelephone
Mobile Internet
Internet BroadbandInternet
BIC(Broadcasting Internet Convergence)
FMC (Fixed-Mobile Convergence)
TIC (Telephone Internet Convergence)
NGN
Convergence of Network Services
Mobile Phone
Quality No guaranteed QoS (Quality of Service)
Security Network intrusion Virus DoS etc Lack of risk management Terrorism Disaster
Service Management Lack of SLA (Service Level Agreement)
Reliability
User Support
Problems of Conventional Internet
Lack of Dependability
NGN High Performance IP Networks with Guaranteed Quality Security and Reliability
2005 - Trial in Cambridge and Woolwich
Dec 2006 - Start Commercial Service - in Cardiff - VoIP Broadband 24Mbps etc - 350000 sub (June 2007)
2009 50 Penetration
2011 100 Penetration
Dec 2006 - Trial in Tokyo and Osaka
March 2008 - Start Commercial Service - in Tokyo Osaka and Nagoya - VoIP Broadband 100Mbps Multicast etc Around 2010 100 Penetration
NGN Deployment in UK and Japan
21CN British Telecom NGN NTT
Macro Model for Next Generation Network
Backbone Network
ApplicationService
Mobile Access
Access Network
Fixed Access
Fixed Access(Large LAN)
Edge Node
Fixed Wire AP
Mobile Wireless AP
Core Node
L1 ~ L3 Functions
Mobile Gateway Media Gateway
LAN Gateway
L4 ~ Functions
Ma
na
ge
men
t F
un
cti
on
En
d U
se
rF
un
cti
on
Service UserProfile
Transport UserProfile
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Resourceand
AdmissionControl
Functions
Transport Control Functions
Transport Functions
Service Control Functions
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
Oth
er
Ne
two
rks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Application
API
NNIUNI
Source ldquoFunctional requirements and architecture of the NGNrdquo ITU-T Y2012
ITU-T NGN ArchitectureAPI Application InterfaceUNI User-Network InterfaceNNI Network-Network Interface
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
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- Slide 13
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- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
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- Slide 26
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- Slide 52
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- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Broadband Access Progress in Japan
ADSL 138M
CATV 37M
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
FTTH 97M
0
10
5
15
20
30
25
35
40
FTTH30M (2010)
15k(Jan2000)
Su
bsc
rib
er (
Mil
lio
n)
ブロードバンドアクセス合計2237百万 (200512 )
Broadband Subscriber272M (June 2007)
16k(Jan2001) 12k
(Jan2002)
Source Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ( 200767 )
November 2002
May 2007
Progress in Router LAN and Access
Year1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Th
rou
gh
pu
t T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d
(b
ps
) 10P
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
1M
CISCO12000
M160
CISCO7500
FDDI
10M-Ethernet
100M-Ethernet
1G-Ethernet
10G-Ethernet
Router
LAN
CISCO8600
CISCO CRS-1
M640+TXS
ISDN
Access
CATVADSL
FTTH10M
FTTH100M
HSDPA-36MIMT-2000
Wireless
Wired
HSDPA-144M
40G100G-Ethernet
Requirement on Transfer Data Sizeand DelayResponse Time
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G 100G
100
10
1
100m
10m
De
lay
R
esp
on
se
Tim
e (S
ec)
Data Size (Byte)
10K
bps
100K
bps
1Mbp
s
10M
bps
100M
bps
1Gbp
s
Telephone Tele-Education
Tele-Conference(High Quality)
Game
Information Retrieval
Tele-Work
10G
bps
100G
bps
1Tbp
s
Data TransferData Backup etc
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Tele-Conference
TVBroadcast
Internet Traffic Growth in Japan
Source Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ( 2007822 )
(Total Traffic for Major 7 ISP)
Use
rs T
raff
ic (
Gb
ps)
May2005
May2004
May2006
50
100
150
200
0
250
Dial-upLeased Line Access
CATVADSLFTTH Access
300
Up
Down
May2007
May2003
May2002
May2001
+ 150-200per year
+ 65 per year
+ 40 per year
Down
Up
350
Prediction of Traffic Growth
Year
100K
10K
1K
100
10
1
011995 2000 2005 2010
DataInternet(40 growth per year)
Relative value compared to as of 1995 1000 times
in next 20 years
2015
Re
lati
ve
Tra
ffic
Vo
lum
e
2020 2025
10 timesduring
1995-2005
Telephone (5 growth per year)
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Digital Broadcasting
Mobile Phone
FixedTelephone
Mobile Internet
Internet BroadbandInternet
BIC(Broadcasting Internet Convergence)
FMC (Fixed-Mobile Convergence)
TIC (Telephone Internet Convergence)
NGN
Convergence of Network Services
Mobile Phone
Quality No guaranteed QoS (Quality of Service)
Security Network intrusion Virus DoS etc Lack of risk management Terrorism Disaster
Service Management Lack of SLA (Service Level Agreement)
Reliability
User Support
Problems of Conventional Internet
Lack of Dependability
NGN High Performance IP Networks with Guaranteed Quality Security and Reliability
2005 - Trial in Cambridge and Woolwich
Dec 2006 - Start Commercial Service - in Cardiff - VoIP Broadband 24Mbps etc - 350000 sub (June 2007)
2009 50 Penetration
2011 100 Penetration
Dec 2006 - Trial in Tokyo and Osaka
March 2008 - Start Commercial Service - in Tokyo Osaka and Nagoya - VoIP Broadband 100Mbps Multicast etc Around 2010 100 Penetration
NGN Deployment in UK and Japan
21CN British Telecom NGN NTT
Macro Model for Next Generation Network
Backbone Network
ApplicationService
Mobile Access
Access Network
Fixed Access
Fixed Access(Large LAN)
Edge Node
Fixed Wire AP
Mobile Wireless AP
Core Node
L1 ~ L3 Functions
Mobile Gateway Media Gateway
LAN Gateway
L4 ~ Functions
Ma
na
ge
men
t F
un
cti
on
En
d U
se
rF
un
cti
on
Service UserProfile
Transport UserProfile
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Resourceand
AdmissionControl
Functions
Transport Control Functions
Transport Functions
Service Control Functions
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
Oth
er
Ne
two
rks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Application
API
NNIUNI
Source ldquoFunctional requirements and architecture of the NGNrdquo ITU-T Y2012
ITU-T NGN ArchitectureAPI Application InterfaceUNI User-Network InterfaceNNI Network-Network Interface
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
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- Slide 5
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- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
November 2002
May 2007
Progress in Router LAN and Access
Year1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Th
rou
gh
pu
t T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d
(b
ps
) 10P
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
1M
CISCO12000
M160
CISCO7500
FDDI
10M-Ethernet
100M-Ethernet
1G-Ethernet
10G-Ethernet
Router
LAN
CISCO8600
CISCO CRS-1
M640+TXS
ISDN
Access
CATVADSL
FTTH10M
FTTH100M
HSDPA-36MIMT-2000
Wireless
Wired
HSDPA-144M
40G100G-Ethernet
Requirement on Transfer Data Sizeand DelayResponse Time
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G 100G
100
10
1
100m
10m
De
lay
R
esp
on
se
Tim
e (S
ec)
Data Size (Byte)
10K
bps
100K
bps
1Mbp
s
10M
bps
100M
bps
1Gbp
s
Telephone Tele-Education
Tele-Conference(High Quality)
Game
Information Retrieval
Tele-Work
10G
bps
100G
bps
1Tbp
s
Data TransferData Backup etc
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Tele-Conference
TVBroadcast
Internet Traffic Growth in Japan
Source Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ( 2007822 )
(Total Traffic for Major 7 ISP)
Use
rs T
raff
ic (
Gb
ps)
May2005
May2004
May2006
50
100
150
200
0
250
Dial-upLeased Line Access
CATVADSLFTTH Access
300
Up
Down
May2007
May2003
May2002
May2001
+ 150-200per year
+ 65 per year
+ 40 per year
Down
Up
350
Prediction of Traffic Growth
Year
100K
10K
1K
100
10
1
011995 2000 2005 2010
DataInternet(40 growth per year)
Relative value compared to as of 1995 1000 times
in next 20 years
2015
Re
lati
ve
Tra
ffic
Vo
lum
e
2020 2025
10 timesduring
1995-2005
Telephone (5 growth per year)
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Digital Broadcasting
Mobile Phone
FixedTelephone
Mobile Internet
Internet BroadbandInternet
BIC(Broadcasting Internet Convergence)
FMC (Fixed-Mobile Convergence)
TIC (Telephone Internet Convergence)
NGN
Convergence of Network Services
Mobile Phone
Quality No guaranteed QoS (Quality of Service)
Security Network intrusion Virus DoS etc Lack of risk management Terrorism Disaster
Service Management Lack of SLA (Service Level Agreement)
Reliability
User Support
Problems of Conventional Internet
Lack of Dependability
NGN High Performance IP Networks with Guaranteed Quality Security and Reliability
2005 - Trial in Cambridge and Woolwich
Dec 2006 - Start Commercial Service - in Cardiff - VoIP Broadband 24Mbps etc - 350000 sub (June 2007)
2009 50 Penetration
2011 100 Penetration
Dec 2006 - Trial in Tokyo and Osaka
March 2008 - Start Commercial Service - in Tokyo Osaka and Nagoya - VoIP Broadband 100Mbps Multicast etc Around 2010 100 Penetration
NGN Deployment in UK and Japan
21CN British Telecom NGN NTT
Macro Model for Next Generation Network
Backbone Network
ApplicationService
Mobile Access
Access Network
Fixed Access
Fixed Access(Large LAN)
Edge Node
Fixed Wire AP
Mobile Wireless AP
Core Node
L1 ~ L3 Functions
Mobile Gateway Media Gateway
LAN Gateway
L4 ~ Functions
Ma
na
ge
men
t F
un
cti
on
En
d U
se
rF
un
cti
on
Service UserProfile
Transport UserProfile
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Resourceand
AdmissionControl
Functions
Transport Control Functions
Transport Functions
Service Control Functions
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
Oth
er
Ne
two
rks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Application
API
NNIUNI
Source ldquoFunctional requirements and architecture of the NGNrdquo ITU-T Y2012
ITU-T NGN ArchitectureAPI Application InterfaceUNI User-Network InterfaceNNI Network-Network Interface
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
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- Slide 15
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- Slide 23
- Slide 24
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- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
May 2007
Progress in Router LAN and Access
Year1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Th
rou
gh
pu
t T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d
(b
ps
) 10P
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
1M
CISCO12000
M160
CISCO7500
FDDI
10M-Ethernet
100M-Ethernet
1G-Ethernet
10G-Ethernet
Router
LAN
CISCO8600
CISCO CRS-1
M640+TXS
ISDN
Access
CATVADSL
FTTH10M
FTTH100M
HSDPA-36MIMT-2000
Wireless
Wired
HSDPA-144M
40G100G-Ethernet
Requirement on Transfer Data Sizeand DelayResponse Time
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G 100G
100
10
1
100m
10m
De
lay
R
esp
on
se
Tim
e (S
ec)
Data Size (Byte)
10K
bps
100K
bps
1Mbp
s
10M
bps
100M
bps
1Gbp
s
Telephone Tele-Education
Tele-Conference(High Quality)
Game
Information Retrieval
Tele-Work
10G
bps
100G
bps
1Tbp
s
Data TransferData Backup etc
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Tele-Conference
TVBroadcast
Internet Traffic Growth in Japan
Source Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ( 2007822 )
(Total Traffic for Major 7 ISP)
Use
rs T
raff
ic (
Gb
ps)
May2005
May2004
May2006
50
100
150
200
0
250
Dial-upLeased Line Access
CATVADSLFTTH Access
300
Up
Down
May2007
May2003
May2002
May2001
+ 150-200per year
+ 65 per year
+ 40 per year
Down
Up
350
Prediction of Traffic Growth
Year
100K
10K
1K
100
10
1
011995 2000 2005 2010
DataInternet(40 growth per year)
Relative value compared to as of 1995 1000 times
in next 20 years
2015
Re
lati
ve
Tra
ffic
Vo
lum
e
2020 2025
10 timesduring
1995-2005
Telephone (5 growth per year)
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Digital Broadcasting
Mobile Phone
FixedTelephone
Mobile Internet
Internet BroadbandInternet
BIC(Broadcasting Internet Convergence)
FMC (Fixed-Mobile Convergence)
TIC (Telephone Internet Convergence)
NGN
Convergence of Network Services
Mobile Phone
Quality No guaranteed QoS (Quality of Service)
Security Network intrusion Virus DoS etc Lack of risk management Terrorism Disaster
Service Management Lack of SLA (Service Level Agreement)
Reliability
User Support
Problems of Conventional Internet
Lack of Dependability
NGN High Performance IP Networks with Guaranteed Quality Security and Reliability
2005 - Trial in Cambridge and Woolwich
Dec 2006 - Start Commercial Service - in Cardiff - VoIP Broadband 24Mbps etc - 350000 sub (June 2007)
2009 50 Penetration
2011 100 Penetration
Dec 2006 - Trial in Tokyo and Osaka
March 2008 - Start Commercial Service - in Tokyo Osaka and Nagoya - VoIP Broadband 100Mbps Multicast etc Around 2010 100 Penetration
NGN Deployment in UK and Japan
21CN British Telecom NGN NTT
Macro Model for Next Generation Network
Backbone Network
ApplicationService
Mobile Access
Access Network
Fixed Access
Fixed Access(Large LAN)
Edge Node
Fixed Wire AP
Mobile Wireless AP
Core Node
L1 ~ L3 Functions
Mobile Gateway Media Gateway
LAN Gateway
L4 ~ Functions
Ma
na
ge
men
t F
un
cti
on
En
d U
se
rF
un
cti
on
Service UserProfile
Transport UserProfile
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Resourceand
AdmissionControl
Functions
Transport Control Functions
Transport Functions
Service Control Functions
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
Oth
er
Ne
two
rks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Application
API
NNIUNI
Source ldquoFunctional requirements and architecture of the NGNrdquo ITU-T Y2012
ITU-T NGN ArchitectureAPI Application InterfaceUNI User-Network InterfaceNNI Network-Network Interface
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Progress in Router LAN and Access
Year1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Th
rou
gh
pu
t T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d
(b
ps
) 10P
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
1M
CISCO12000
M160
CISCO7500
FDDI
10M-Ethernet
100M-Ethernet
1G-Ethernet
10G-Ethernet
Router
LAN
CISCO8600
CISCO CRS-1
M640+TXS
ISDN
Access
CATVADSL
FTTH10M
FTTH100M
HSDPA-36MIMT-2000
Wireless
Wired
HSDPA-144M
40G100G-Ethernet
Requirement on Transfer Data Sizeand DelayResponse Time
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G 100G
100
10
1
100m
10m
De
lay
R
esp
on
se
Tim
e (S
ec)
Data Size (Byte)
10K
bps
100K
bps
1Mbp
s
10M
bps
100M
bps
1Gbp
s
Telephone Tele-Education
Tele-Conference(High Quality)
Game
Information Retrieval
Tele-Work
10G
bps
100G
bps
1Tbp
s
Data TransferData Backup etc
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Tele-Conference
TVBroadcast
Internet Traffic Growth in Japan
Source Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ( 2007822 )
(Total Traffic for Major 7 ISP)
Use
rs T
raff
ic (
Gb
ps)
May2005
May2004
May2006
50
100
150
200
0
250
Dial-upLeased Line Access
CATVADSLFTTH Access
300
Up
Down
May2007
May2003
May2002
May2001
+ 150-200per year
+ 65 per year
+ 40 per year
Down
Up
350
Prediction of Traffic Growth
Year
100K
10K
1K
100
10
1
011995 2000 2005 2010
DataInternet(40 growth per year)
Relative value compared to as of 1995 1000 times
in next 20 years
2015
Re
lati
ve
Tra
ffic
Vo
lum
e
2020 2025
10 timesduring
1995-2005
Telephone (5 growth per year)
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Digital Broadcasting
Mobile Phone
FixedTelephone
Mobile Internet
Internet BroadbandInternet
BIC(Broadcasting Internet Convergence)
FMC (Fixed-Mobile Convergence)
TIC (Telephone Internet Convergence)
NGN
Convergence of Network Services
Mobile Phone
Quality No guaranteed QoS (Quality of Service)
Security Network intrusion Virus DoS etc Lack of risk management Terrorism Disaster
Service Management Lack of SLA (Service Level Agreement)
Reliability
User Support
Problems of Conventional Internet
Lack of Dependability
NGN High Performance IP Networks with Guaranteed Quality Security and Reliability
2005 - Trial in Cambridge and Woolwich
Dec 2006 - Start Commercial Service - in Cardiff - VoIP Broadband 24Mbps etc - 350000 sub (June 2007)
2009 50 Penetration
2011 100 Penetration
Dec 2006 - Trial in Tokyo and Osaka
March 2008 - Start Commercial Service - in Tokyo Osaka and Nagoya - VoIP Broadband 100Mbps Multicast etc Around 2010 100 Penetration
NGN Deployment in UK and Japan
21CN British Telecom NGN NTT
Macro Model for Next Generation Network
Backbone Network
ApplicationService
Mobile Access
Access Network
Fixed Access
Fixed Access(Large LAN)
Edge Node
Fixed Wire AP
Mobile Wireless AP
Core Node
L1 ~ L3 Functions
Mobile Gateway Media Gateway
LAN Gateway
L4 ~ Functions
Ma
na
ge
men
t F
un
cti
on
En
d U
se
rF
un
cti
on
Service UserProfile
Transport UserProfile
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Resourceand
AdmissionControl
Functions
Transport Control Functions
Transport Functions
Service Control Functions
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
Oth
er
Ne
two
rks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Application
API
NNIUNI
Source ldquoFunctional requirements and architecture of the NGNrdquo ITU-T Y2012
ITU-T NGN ArchitectureAPI Application InterfaceUNI User-Network InterfaceNNI Network-Network Interface
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Requirement on Transfer Data Sizeand DelayResponse Time
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G 100G
100
10
1
100m
10m
De
lay
R
esp
on
se
Tim
e (S
ec)
Data Size (Byte)
10K
bps
100K
bps
1Mbp
s
10M
bps
100M
bps
1Gbp
s
Telephone Tele-Education
Tele-Conference(High Quality)
Game
Information Retrieval
Tele-Work
10G
bps
100G
bps
1Tbp
s
Data TransferData Backup etc
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Tele-Conference
TVBroadcast
Internet Traffic Growth in Japan
Source Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ( 2007822 )
(Total Traffic for Major 7 ISP)
Use
rs T
raff
ic (
Gb
ps)
May2005
May2004
May2006
50
100
150
200
0
250
Dial-upLeased Line Access
CATVADSLFTTH Access
300
Up
Down
May2007
May2003
May2002
May2001
+ 150-200per year
+ 65 per year
+ 40 per year
Down
Up
350
Prediction of Traffic Growth
Year
100K
10K
1K
100
10
1
011995 2000 2005 2010
DataInternet(40 growth per year)
Relative value compared to as of 1995 1000 times
in next 20 years
2015
Re
lati
ve
Tra
ffic
Vo
lum
e
2020 2025
10 timesduring
1995-2005
Telephone (5 growth per year)
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Digital Broadcasting
Mobile Phone
FixedTelephone
Mobile Internet
Internet BroadbandInternet
BIC(Broadcasting Internet Convergence)
FMC (Fixed-Mobile Convergence)
TIC (Telephone Internet Convergence)
NGN
Convergence of Network Services
Mobile Phone
Quality No guaranteed QoS (Quality of Service)
Security Network intrusion Virus DoS etc Lack of risk management Terrorism Disaster
Service Management Lack of SLA (Service Level Agreement)
Reliability
User Support
Problems of Conventional Internet
Lack of Dependability
NGN High Performance IP Networks with Guaranteed Quality Security and Reliability
2005 - Trial in Cambridge and Woolwich
Dec 2006 - Start Commercial Service - in Cardiff - VoIP Broadband 24Mbps etc - 350000 sub (June 2007)
2009 50 Penetration
2011 100 Penetration
Dec 2006 - Trial in Tokyo and Osaka
March 2008 - Start Commercial Service - in Tokyo Osaka and Nagoya - VoIP Broadband 100Mbps Multicast etc Around 2010 100 Penetration
NGN Deployment in UK and Japan
21CN British Telecom NGN NTT
Macro Model for Next Generation Network
Backbone Network
ApplicationService
Mobile Access
Access Network
Fixed Access
Fixed Access(Large LAN)
Edge Node
Fixed Wire AP
Mobile Wireless AP
Core Node
L1 ~ L3 Functions
Mobile Gateway Media Gateway
LAN Gateway
L4 ~ Functions
Ma
na
ge
men
t F
un
cti
on
En
d U
se
rF
un
cti
on
Service UserProfile
Transport UserProfile
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Resourceand
AdmissionControl
Functions
Transport Control Functions
Transport Functions
Service Control Functions
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
Oth
er
Ne
two
rks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Application
API
NNIUNI
Source ldquoFunctional requirements and architecture of the NGNrdquo ITU-T Y2012
ITU-T NGN ArchitectureAPI Application InterfaceUNI User-Network InterfaceNNI Network-Network Interface
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
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- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Internet Traffic Growth in Japan
Source Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ( 2007822 )
(Total Traffic for Major 7 ISP)
Use
rs T
raff
ic (
Gb
ps)
May2005
May2004
May2006
50
100
150
200
0
250
Dial-upLeased Line Access
CATVADSLFTTH Access
300
Up
Down
May2007
May2003
May2002
May2001
+ 150-200per year
+ 65 per year
+ 40 per year
Down
Up
350
Prediction of Traffic Growth
Year
100K
10K
1K
100
10
1
011995 2000 2005 2010
DataInternet(40 growth per year)
Relative value compared to as of 1995 1000 times
in next 20 years
2015
Re
lati
ve
Tra
ffic
Vo
lum
e
2020 2025
10 timesduring
1995-2005
Telephone (5 growth per year)
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Digital Broadcasting
Mobile Phone
FixedTelephone
Mobile Internet
Internet BroadbandInternet
BIC(Broadcasting Internet Convergence)
FMC (Fixed-Mobile Convergence)
TIC (Telephone Internet Convergence)
NGN
Convergence of Network Services
Mobile Phone
Quality No guaranteed QoS (Quality of Service)
Security Network intrusion Virus DoS etc Lack of risk management Terrorism Disaster
Service Management Lack of SLA (Service Level Agreement)
Reliability
User Support
Problems of Conventional Internet
Lack of Dependability
NGN High Performance IP Networks with Guaranteed Quality Security and Reliability
2005 - Trial in Cambridge and Woolwich
Dec 2006 - Start Commercial Service - in Cardiff - VoIP Broadband 24Mbps etc - 350000 sub (June 2007)
2009 50 Penetration
2011 100 Penetration
Dec 2006 - Trial in Tokyo and Osaka
March 2008 - Start Commercial Service - in Tokyo Osaka and Nagoya - VoIP Broadband 100Mbps Multicast etc Around 2010 100 Penetration
NGN Deployment in UK and Japan
21CN British Telecom NGN NTT
Macro Model for Next Generation Network
Backbone Network
ApplicationService
Mobile Access
Access Network
Fixed Access
Fixed Access(Large LAN)
Edge Node
Fixed Wire AP
Mobile Wireless AP
Core Node
L1 ~ L3 Functions
Mobile Gateway Media Gateway
LAN Gateway
L4 ~ Functions
Ma
na
ge
men
t F
un
cti
on
En
d U
se
rF
un
cti
on
Service UserProfile
Transport UserProfile
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Resourceand
AdmissionControl
Functions
Transport Control Functions
Transport Functions
Service Control Functions
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
Oth
er
Ne
two
rks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Application
API
NNIUNI
Source ldquoFunctional requirements and architecture of the NGNrdquo ITU-T Y2012
ITU-T NGN ArchitectureAPI Application InterfaceUNI User-Network InterfaceNNI Network-Network Interface
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
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- Slide 10
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- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Prediction of Traffic Growth
Year
100K
10K
1K
100
10
1
011995 2000 2005 2010
DataInternet(40 growth per year)
Relative value compared to as of 1995 1000 times
in next 20 years
2015
Re
lati
ve
Tra
ffic
Vo
lum
e
2020 2025
10 timesduring
1995-2005
Telephone (5 growth per year)
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Digital Broadcasting
Mobile Phone
FixedTelephone
Mobile Internet
Internet BroadbandInternet
BIC(Broadcasting Internet Convergence)
FMC (Fixed-Mobile Convergence)
TIC (Telephone Internet Convergence)
NGN
Convergence of Network Services
Mobile Phone
Quality No guaranteed QoS (Quality of Service)
Security Network intrusion Virus DoS etc Lack of risk management Terrorism Disaster
Service Management Lack of SLA (Service Level Agreement)
Reliability
User Support
Problems of Conventional Internet
Lack of Dependability
NGN High Performance IP Networks with Guaranteed Quality Security and Reliability
2005 - Trial in Cambridge and Woolwich
Dec 2006 - Start Commercial Service - in Cardiff - VoIP Broadband 24Mbps etc - 350000 sub (June 2007)
2009 50 Penetration
2011 100 Penetration
Dec 2006 - Trial in Tokyo and Osaka
March 2008 - Start Commercial Service - in Tokyo Osaka and Nagoya - VoIP Broadband 100Mbps Multicast etc Around 2010 100 Penetration
NGN Deployment in UK and Japan
21CN British Telecom NGN NTT
Macro Model for Next Generation Network
Backbone Network
ApplicationService
Mobile Access
Access Network
Fixed Access
Fixed Access(Large LAN)
Edge Node
Fixed Wire AP
Mobile Wireless AP
Core Node
L1 ~ L3 Functions
Mobile Gateway Media Gateway
LAN Gateway
L4 ~ Functions
Ma
na
ge
men
t F
un
cti
on
En
d U
se
rF
un
cti
on
Service UserProfile
Transport UserProfile
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Resourceand
AdmissionControl
Functions
Transport Control Functions
Transport Functions
Service Control Functions
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
Oth
er
Ne
two
rks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Application
API
NNIUNI
Source ldquoFunctional requirements and architecture of the NGNrdquo ITU-T Y2012
ITU-T NGN ArchitectureAPI Application InterfaceUNI User-Network InterfaceNNI Network-Network Interface
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
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-
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Digital Broadcasting
Mobile Phone
FixedTelephone
Mobile Internet
Internet BroadbandInternet
BIC(Broadcasting Internet Convergence)
FMC (Fixed-Mobile Convergence)
TIC (Telephone Internet Convergence)
NGN
Convergence of Network Services
Mobile Phone
Quality No guaranteed QoS (Quality of Service)
Security Network intrusion Virus DoS etc Lack of risk management Terrorism Disaster
Service Management Lack of SLA (Service Level Agreement)
Reliability
User Support
Problems of Conventional Internet
Lack of Dependability
NGN High Performance IP Networks with Guaranteed Quality Security and Reliability
2005 - Trial in Cambridge and Woolwich
Dec 2006 - Start Commercial Service - in Cardiff - VoIP Broadband 24Mbps etc - 350000 sub (June 2007)
2009 50 Penetration
2011 100 Penetration
Dec 2006 - Trial in Tokyo and Osaka
March 2008 - Start Commercial Service - in Tokyo Osaka and Nagoya - VoIP Broadband 100Mbps Multicast etc Around 2010 100 Penetration
NGN Deployment in UK and Japan
21CN British Telecom NGN NTT
Macro Model for Next Generation Network
Backbone Network
ApplicationService
Mobile Access
Access Network
Fixed Access
Fixed Access(Large LAN)
Edge Node
Fixed Wire AP
Mobile Wireless AP
Core Node
L1 ~ L3 Functions
Mobile Gateway Media Gateway
LAN Gateway
L4 ~ Functions
Ma
na
ge
men
t F
un
cti
on
En
d U
se
rF
un
cti
on
Service UserProfile
Transport UserProfile
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Resourceand
AdmissionControl
Functions
Transport Control Functions
Transport Functions
Service Control Functions
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
Oth
er
Ne
two
rks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Application
API
NNIUNI
Source ldquoFunctional requirements and architecture of the NGNrdquo ITU-T Y2012
ITU-T NGN ArchitectureAPI Application InterfaceUNI User-Network InterfaceNNI Network-Network Interface
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Digital Broadcasting
Mobile Phone
FixedTelephone
Mobile Internet
Internet BroadbandInternet
BIC(Broadcasting Internet Convergence)
FMC (Fixed-Mobile Convergence)
TIC (Telephone Internet Convergence)
NGN
Convergence of Network Services
Mobile Phone
Quality No guaranteed QoS (Quality of Service)
Security Network intrusion Virus DoS etc Lack of risk management Terrorism Disaster
Service Management Lack of SLA (Service Level Agreement)
Reliability
User Support
Problems of Conventional Internet
Lack of Dependability
NGN High Performance IP Networks with Guaranteed Quality Security and Reliability
2005 - Trial in Cambridge and Woolwich
Dec 2006 - Start Commercial Service - in Cardiff - VoIP Broadband 24Mbps etc - 350000 sub (June 2007)
2009 50 Penetration
2011 100 Penetration
Dec 2006 - Trial in Tokyo and Osaka
March 2008 - Start Commercial Service - in Tokyo Osaka and Nagoya - VoIP Broadband 100Mbps Multicast etc Around 2010 100 Penetration
NGN Deployment in UK and Japan
21CN British Telecom NGN NTT
Macro Model for Next Generation Network
Backbone Network
ApplicationService
Mobile Access
Access Network
Fixed Access
Fixed Access(Large LAN)
Edge Node
Fixed Wire AP
Mobile Wireless AP
Core Node
L1 ~ L3 Functions
Mobile Gateway Media Gateway
LAN Gateway
L4 ~ Functions
Ma
na
ge
men
t F
un
cti
on
En
d U
se
rF
un
cti
on
Service UserProfile
Transport UserProfile
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Resourceand
AdmissionControl
Functions
Transport Control Functions
Transport Functions
Service Control Functions
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
Oth
er
Ne
two
rks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Application
API
NNIUNI
Source ldquoFunctional requirements and architecture of the NGNrdquo ITU-T Y2012
ITU-T NGN ArchitectureAPI Application InterfaceUNI User-Network InterfaceNNI Network-Network Interface
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Quality No guaranteed QoS (Quality of Service)
Security Network intrusion Virus DoS etc Lack of risk management Terrorism Disaster
Service Management Lack of SLA (Service Level Agreement)
Reliability
User Support
Problems of Conventional Internet
Lack of Dependability
NGN High Performance IP Networks with Guaranteed Quality Security and Reliability
2005 - Trial in Cambridge and Woolwich
Dec 2006 - Start Commercial Service - in Cardiff - VoIP Broadband 24Mbps etc - 350000 sub (June 2007)
2009 50 Penetration
2011 100 Penetration
Dec 2006 - Trial in Tokyo and Osaka
March 2008 - Start Commercial Service - in Tokyo Osaka and Nagoya - VoIP Broadband 100Mbps Multicast etc Around 2010 100 Penetration
NGN Deployment in UK and Japan
21CN British Telecom NGN NTT
Macro Model for Next Generation Network
Backbone Network
ApplicationService
Mobile Access
Access Network
Fixed Access
Fixed Access(Large LAN)
Edge Node
Fixed Wire AP
Mobile Wireless AP
Core Node
L1 ~ L3 Functions
Mobile Gateway Media Gateway
LAN Gateway
L4 ~ Functions
Ma
na
ge
men
t F
un
cti
on
En
d U
se
rF
un
cti
on
Service UserProfile
Transport UserProfile
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Resourceand
AdmissionControl
Functions
Transport Control Functions
Transport Functions
Service Control Functions
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
Oth
er
Ne
two
rks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Application
API
NNIUNI
Source ldquoFunctional requirements and architecture of the NGNrdquo ITU-T Y2012
ITU-T NGN ArchitectureAPI Application InterfaceUNI User-Network InterfaceNNI Network-Network Interface
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
2005 - Trial in Cambridge and Woolwich
Dec 2006 - Start Commercial Service - in Cardiff - VoIP Broadband 24Mbps etc - 350000 sub (June 2007)
2009 50 Penetration
2011 100 Penetration
Dec 2006 - Trial in Tokyo and Osaka
March 2008 - Start Commercial Service - in Tokyo Osaka and Nagoya - VoIP Broadband 100Mbps Multicast etc Around 2010 100 Penetration
NGN Deployment in UK and Japan
21CN British Telecom NGN NTT
Macro Model for Next Generation Network
Backbone Network
ApplicationService
Mobile Access
Access Network
Fixed Access
Fixed Access(Large LAN)
Edge Node
Fixed Wire AP
Mobile Wireless AP
Core Node
L1 ~ L3 Functions
Mobile Gateway Media Gateway
LAN Gateway
L4 ~ Functions
Ma
na
ge
men
t F
un
cti
on
En
d U
se
rF
un
cti
on
Service UserProfile
Transport UserProfile
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Resourceand
AdmissionControl
Functions
Transport Control Functions
Transport Functions
Service Control Functions
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
Oth
er
Ne
two
rks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Application
API
NNIUNI
Source ldquoFunctional requirements and architecture of the NGNrdquo ITU-T Y2012
ITU-T NGN ArchitectureAPI Application InterfaceUNI User-Network InterfaceNNI Network-Network Interface
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Macro Model for Next Generation Network
Backbone Network
ApplicationService
Mobile Access
Access Network
Fixed Access
Fixed Access(Large LAN)
Edge Node
Fixed Wire AP
Mobile Wireless AP
Core Node
L1 ~ L3 Functions
Mobile Gateway Media Gateway
LAN Gateway
L4 ~ Functions
Ma
na
ge
men
t F
un
cti
on
En
d U
se
rF
un
cti
on
Service UserProfile
Transport UserProfile
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Resourceand
AdmissionControl
Functions
Transport Control Functions
Transport Functions
Service Control Functions
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
Oth
er
Ne
two
rks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Application
API
NNIUNI
Source ldquoFunctional requirements and architecture of the NGNrdquo ITU-T Y2012
ITU-T NGN ArchitectureAPI Application InterfaceUNI User-Network InterfaceNNI Network-Network Interface
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Ma
na
ge
men
t F
un
cti
on
En
d U
se
rF
un
cti
on
Service UserProfile
Transport UserProfile
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Resourceand
AdmissionControl
Functions
Transport Control Functions
Transport Functions
Service Control Functions
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
Oth
er
Ne
two
rks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Application
API
NNIUNI
Source ldquoFunctional requirements and architecture of the NGNrdquo ITU-T Y2012
ITU-T NGN ArchitectureAPI Application InterfaceUNI User-Network InterfaceNNI Network-Network Interface
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
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-
Optical Network Systems
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Optical Network
SDH
FTTH
WDM SystemFiber Wireless
ASON
ROADM
OBS
OPS
Digital Network
FDDI
40G100G Ethernet
WDM PON
100BASE-T(MediaConv)
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-XRW
PDHATM
LAN
OPS Optical Packet SwitchOBS Optical Burst SwitchASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicmar07vandoorn_01_0307pdf
Progress in Server IO Speed
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
10BASE5(19836)
10BASE-T(19909)
100BASE-T(19956)
1000BASE-X(19986)
1000BASE-T(19996)
IEEE802 Standardization for Ethernet
10GBASE XRW(20026)
10GBASE-TLRM(20069)
100GBASE(20105)
40GBASE(20105)
10GE-PONP8023av(20093)
GE-PON(20054)
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
100G
10G
1G
100M
10M
TransmissionSpeed (bps)
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
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-
40G100G Ethernet (Objectives)Support full-duplex operation onlyPreserve the 8023Ethernet frame format utilizing the 8023 MACPreserve minimum and maximum Frame Size of current 8023 standardSupport a BER better than or equal to 10 at the MACPLS serviceInterfaceProvide appropriate support for OTN (Optical Transport Network)
Support a MAC data rate of 40 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 40 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly 1048713 at least 1m over a backplane
Support a MAC data rate of 100 GbpsProvide Physical Layer specifications supporting 100 Gbs operation over 1048713 at least 40km on SMF 1048713 at least 10km on SMF 1048713 at least 100m on OM3 MMF 1048713 at least 10m over a copper cable assembly
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Physical Layer of 40G100G Ethernet
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Source httpwwwieee802org3hssgpublicjan07nishimura_01_0107pdf
Example of 100G Ethernet Interface(Proposal by HITACHIOpnext)
for future
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
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- Slide 40
- Slide 41
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- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Speed Progress Electronics vs Photonics T
ran
smis
sio
n S
pee
d (
bp
s)
100G
1G
10G
100M
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
400M 16G
10G
40G
25G
400M
Electronics
Photonics
100M
80G-100G
Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
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- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
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Estimation of Transmission Speed and Capacity
Wavelength 4 32-40 128 ~500 gt1000 _
Speedper CH 25G 25-10G 10-40G 10-100G 10-100Gbps
Channelspacing 200G 100G 50-100G 25-50G 625-25GHz
Efficiency 001 01 02-04 04-16 16-4 bitHz
1995 20252005 2015
1P
100T
10T
1T
100G
10G
1G
Capacity per Fiber
Capacity per Cable
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
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- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
APCN2-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-HongKong-Taiwan- Malaysia -Singapore- PhilippinesC2C-768Tbps(2001)Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-Philippines-SingaporeFNALRNAL-384Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-Taiwan-HongKongEAC-256Tbps(2001) Japan-Korea-China-Taiwan-HongKong-SingaporeKJCN- 288Tbps(2002) Korea-Japan
Submarine Cable connecting East Asia
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Broadband and Highspeed for NGN
Optical Network Research forNext Generation
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Transmission Capacity per Fiber 25Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 80Gbps ndash 320 Gbps 10Gbps x m (m=32 ndash 128) = 320Gbps ndash 128Tbps 40Gbps x m (m=16 ndash 64) = 640Gbps ndash 256Tbps
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Impact of Optical WDM Transmission
ReceiverReceiver25G ndash 10Gbps ch
TransmitterTransmitter25G ndash 10Gbps ch
PDMOD
MOD
MOD
MOD
LD
LD
LD
LD
Optical Multiplexer REG
REG
REG
REG
PD
PD
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalAmplifier
OpticalDe-multiplexer
PD
m
LD Laser Diode Mod Modulator PD Photo-Diode REG Regenerator
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Anchor Frequency
OpticalFreq
Wavelength
Frequency
AllowanceFrequency
ITU-T G6941
Optical Band Plan for WDM Systems
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Source FujitsuOFC2000 PD28-1
1530 1540 1560 1580 1600
Wavelength [nm]1550 1570 1590
Re
lati
ve
Op
tic
al P
ow
er
[5 d
Bd
iv]
C-band (153582-156101 nm)
01-nm (分解能)
L-band (157330-159975 nm)
01-nm (分解能)Noise Level
128 Tbits (128 times1066 Gbits) DWDM
~2519 nm ~2645 nm
(L840km SMFs)
Noise Level
Typical WDM Transmission System128Tbps (10Gbps x 128 Channels)
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Progress ofOptical Fiber Transmission Technology
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20151M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
1T
10T
100T
1P
Bit
Ra
te (
bs
)
5 bitHz x 20 THz
1 bitHz x 20 THz
Limit of Electronics
132
128
10
3
2x 63M
2 x 150M
16 x 25G
F-16GF-400M
F-100MF-32M
F-25G
48 x 2510G
F-10G
10T(273x 40G)
WDM Commercial Systems
RampD for WDM Systems
Non WDM Commercial Systems
14T(140x 111G)
12T(128 x10G)
10T(1000 x 10G)
4 x 25G
256T(160x 170G)
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
256 Tbps DQPSK-WDM Transmission
Capacity 160λ x 1708 Gbps = 256 TbpsBandwidth 4 + 4 THz ( 1525-1560nm 1565-1600 nm )Efficiency 32 bitsHz
WDM DQPSK
PDMRZ
854G
80-ch
80-ch
854G 427G
427G
240km
Source Alcatel-Lucent PD OFC2007
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Experiment of 1000 Wavelength WDM Transmission
Source NEC 2006
15499 ~15531nm
32-ch125GHz spacing
1000-ch 1525 ~ 1610nm
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Optimization of Wavelength Channel
S-Band 1460 to 1530 nmC-Band 1530 to 1565 nmL-Band 1565 to 1625 nm
1625 - 1460 = 165 nm 21 THz
Higher SpeedSmaller Channel λ
λ840CH (25GHzCH) x 10Gbps = 84Tbps
210CH (100GHzCH) x 40Gbps = 84Tbps
Lower SpeedLarger Channel
+)
Long Distance Application
O-Band 1260 nm 2381 THzU-Band 1671 nm 1791 THz
1671 - 1460 = 411 nm 59 THz-)
Short Distance Application
Transmission Efficiency=04bitHz
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Optimum Channel Speed and Output Power for WDM Transmission
Optimum Speed and Optimum Output Power may Exist
Transmission Speed Channel Average Output Power Channel
OSNR SNRSPMXPMFWM
FWM
SPM XPM
OSNR SNR
Dispersion
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
Tra
ns
mis
sio
n Q
ua
lity
OptimumOptimum
FWM Four Wave MixingOSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
SPM Self Phase ModulationXPM Cross Phase Modulation
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Q=1
2
34
56
25
Max Q=64
NRZ System
10
RZ-DPSK System
Q=1
2
34
5678910
Max Q=106
25
Transmission Efficiency=02bitHz Amplifier Spacing=60kmTransmission Distance=1020km (D(40km)=-2psnmkm D(20km)=4psnmkm)
Main Parameter for Simulation
Simulation of WDM Transmission Quality
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Challenge for Highspeed Transmission
High Speed per Channel
25Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 80100160 Gbps
TDFA Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier FEC Forward Error Correction
Efficient CodingModulationBinary FEC Higher Modulation Efficiency SSB QPSK
Wide Wavelength BandC-band +L-band +S-band
TDFA Raman Amplifier
Channel Spacing (Large Number of Channels)
100GHz 50GHz 25125 GHz Polarization Multiplexing
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
i j
Metro-Ring Networks with ROADM
ROADM
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Operator
OSS
OSS Operation Support System
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Block Diagram of ROADM
Tran
spo
nd
er
WDMFilter
WDMFilter
Access Networks
Optical SW
Optical SW Control OSS
Optical Amplifier
Optical AmplifierOptical SW
Tran
spo
nd
er
Tran
spo
nd
er
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Optical Transport Networks by ASON
OXC(Optical) λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
Routing Control Plane
Wavelength Path Control Plane
ASON
ASON Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOXC Optical Cross Connect
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Optical Transport Network for NGN
Multi-layer Control by GMPLS
OXC
Optical Router
Control Plane
Transport Plane
λ1 λ2 λ3 λn
Router(Electronic)
GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switch
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Characteristics of Real Packet Traffic
WAN Traffic between DEC and the rest of the world
( Average = 24 Mbs σ= 056 Mbs )
Time (sec)Time (sec)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
Pa
cke
t si
ze (
Byt
es)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000lt Probability gt
Normal Distribution(Gaussian Function)
Heavy Tail
Heavy Tail Long Range Dependency
lt Packet Traffic in Real Network gt
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
10nS 1μS 10mS 1S 1min 1H
1M
10M
100M
1G
10G
100G
100k
ROADM
Optical Networks with Optical RouterBandwidthGranularity (bps)
Switch Response Time
Variable Bandwidth Path OPS
OXC Optical Cross ConnectOBS Optical Burst SwitchOPS Optical Packet Switch
Fast SwitchedWavelength Path
OXCOBS
OBS
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Optical Burst Switching (OBS) Networks
Ultra Fast OADM Switching Burst Size 100nS ~ severalμS
Very Fast OXC Switching Burst Size 100mS ~several S
Dynamic Bandwidth Path
WDM Networks
Large Scale Data Transfer (File Distribution etc)
General IP Traffic Routing (ISPASPIDCetc)
OXC
Router
UEC Proposal
Router
Router
Router
Fast Switched Burst Circuit
OADM with OBS
OXC with OBS
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Regional Network Node
Edge Node
i-Regional Network
Long HaulNetwork
aa
bb
ccdd
ee
ff
gghh
AA
BB
CCDD
EE
FF
GG
HH
光光 TDTD 処理処理 光光 TDTD 処理処理
Wavelength Path NetworkWavelength Path Network(OXC)(OXC)
j-Regional Network
k-Regional Network
λij
λik
OBS-ADMOBS-ADM OBS-ADM)OBS-ADM)
OBS Network Research in UEC
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Optical Burst Priority Control
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Low Priority
High Priority
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
1
γ = Available Max BandwidthAverage Input Bandwidth
λi j
Regional Node Edge Node
aa
bb
ccddee
ff
gg
光光 TDTD 処理処理
A1 A2
Over Head
n n+k n+m-1
1 slot = 24B
Low-Priority (m-k)-slot
17280BFrame SYNC ( 2x192B )123456789
Optical Burst
High-Priority k-slot
SDH-Frame( 125μm)
① Frame
RegionalNetwork-i
④ Slot Indication
② Request
⑤ Burst Data
③ Slot Assignment
Optical Frame
m-slotP
acke
t L
oss
Ra
te (
PL
R)
RegionalNetwork-j
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
High Priority
Low Priority QoS Control
Without QoS Control
0 500 1000 1500 2000 Assigned Total Slot Number
400 300 200 100
0 Ass
Thr
ough
put
(Mbp
s)
Static Performance of Priority Control
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Field Experiment of Dynamic Bandwidth Path Network
OTDM
ODEMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
160GbpsOTDMMUX
(OKI) (NEC)
(OU)( UEC)( NEC)( OKI)
DCF
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
10Gbps
10Gbps
OFA
OE
EOGbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
OBSNode
(UEC)
GbEルータ
制 御系PC
制御 PC
(UEC)
10Gbps
10Gbps
HDTVPC端末
PC端末
160Gbps
Node-A
Edge Node-B
PC端末
JGN-II Fiber Test-bed
ltSourcegt
ltReceiversgt
EDFA
3R
160GbpsOTDM
DEMUX
DCF
Edge Node-C
OBSNode
OBSNode
HDTV
650km
Dec 9 ~ Dec16 2005 at NICT Keihanna Laboratory
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Node A
Edge Node B
Optical Switch
Setup for Field ExperimentltNode A and Edge Node Bgt
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Edge Node C
Controler (PC)
Setup for Field ExperimentltEdge Node Cgt
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
FPGA
10GbpsOpticalTrans-ponder
Header Processing
and Contrl( PC )
S-P
Co
nve
rter Optical
BurstTransmitterGbE
Router
SW Driver
OpticalReceive
rOpticalBranch
OpticalSwitchDetecting
Header
Ph
ase
Ad
jus
t
D
Block Diagram for Experimental Setup
OBS Add-Drop Multiplexer Node
OpticalBranch
10Gbps10Gbps
10Gbps10Gbps
1Gbps Ethernet
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Inserted Burst
1 Frame Period(125m)
Eye Pattern of 10Gbps Transmission Burst Switching
25 psdiv
Waveforms in Experimental Setup
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Broadband Wireless Access
HSDPA High Speed Digital Packet AccessFWA Fixed Wireless Access UWB Ultra Wide Band
Transmission Speed (Mbits)
Mo
bili
ty
100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G
W-CDMA
FWAW-LAN
( 3G)PHS
GMSPDC(2G)
Beyond 3G
MobileWi-Fi
HSDPASuper
3G
2000 2005
UWB
2015 ~ 20202010
MobileWi-MAX
5G4G
cdma2000
Stationary
Vehicular
Pedestrian
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Base Station
Radio over Fiber for Wireless Base Station
Optical Fiber
Base Station
Base Station
Cell sizesmaller to smaller
Huge numberof BSs
Cost Reduction Low cost BS Maintenance free
RadiooverFiber
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
Fiber and Wireless ConvergenceFTTA Fiber To The Antenna
ONU ブロードバンドNGN
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTA
FTTA
移動通信
TVFMONU
FTTH 移動通信
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM ONU NGNFTTB
OLT
100M~1Gbps
BS
FTTAFTTA
Mobile Radio
TVFM
Emergency
ONU
FTTH WDM Branch
VDSL
30M~100Mbps
DSLAM
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
-
UTC-PD
LNA
pin-PD
EAMUTC-PD
LD
LD
RXTX ltUp-linkgt
ltDown-linkgt
ltOptical Power Supplygt ltOE Power Convertergt
UTC-PD Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photo-Diodepin-PD InGaAs pin-Photo-DiodeLNM Lithium Niobium Modulator
Base StationCentral Station
LD LNM
EAM Electro-Absorption ModulatorLNA Low Noise AmplifierRXTX Radio TransceiverLD Laser Diode
RXTX
ElectricPowerSupply
ltOptical Power Feedinggt
80 mW
Available Electric Power
15 mW
ROF BS without Local Power Supply
Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
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Electric Power Source by High Power Optical Fiber Transmission
0
1
2
3
4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Load Resistance R [Ω]
Vo
ltag
e [
V]
Power LD(1470nm)
8 PDArray
R
1times8
4times2
2times4
8times1
PD Arrayn x m
n series PDm parallel PD
Optical input 80 mW
15 mW electric power is available
Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
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Performance of Optical Power Feeding ROF
- 90
- 80
- 70
- 60
- 50
- 40
- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 -15 -10
RF input power [dBm]
RF
ou
tpu
t P
ow
er [
dB
m]
- 100- 45- 50- 55
EAM Bias
50Ω Termination
LNA amp Matching Matching
Matching
LNA
Expected Improvement
Practical Requirement
Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
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- Slide 54
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- Slide 56
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- Slide 59
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Past Present and Future Evolution onInformation and Communications
DependabilityMobilityReliabilityStability
Mono-service Multi-services Multi-media
AnalogIP W
irelessHeterogeneous
1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
DigitalBroadband IP
Expansion of facilities
Integration of facilities
Expansion of services
Integration and customization of services
NetworkInnovation
Ubiquitous media
Technology
Operation
Service
Business
Thank you for your attention
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
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Thank you for your attention
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