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TRANSCRIPT
David Zambrano, JDSU
Testing Considerations for Beyond 10Gigabit
© 2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 2
Today’s agenda
§ Introduction– Need for Speed & Growth of IP traffic– Fiber vs. Copper
§ Fiber considerations– Tightening requirements– Testing considerations and practices
§ Copper considerations– Current Cabling Standards: update– Testing requirements
§ Conclusion– Pro-active testing/certification
Introduction
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Traffic Milestones and Generators
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Enterprise Network – Now and Future
Workspace Devices
Servers
Storage
SAN SwitchesSAN
LAN
Core Switching/Routing
Distribution/Aggregation Switching/Routing
Access Switching
Access Switching
100/1000M/10GbE
1/10/40GbE
1/10/40/100 GbE
1/10/40GbE
1/10/40/100GbE
4/8/16M Fibrechannel
WAN/Internet
Which links will be electrical?Which links will be optical?
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Fiber
Copper
Ethernet – Electrical vs. Optical Timelines
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
10BASE-T
10BASE-F
100B
ASE-TX
100B
ASE-FX
1000
BASE-T
1000
BASE-X
10GBASE-X
10GBASE-T
40/10
0GBASE-X
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Copper– Known and understood– Easy to install/terminate– Easy for MACs– PoE– Backwards compatible
to lower speeds
Copper vs. Fiber - What is the path forward?
Fiber– Newer/less understood– Harder to
install/terminate – Port/conduit density– Secure – Longer runs
§ Heat?§ Power?§ Port Density?
Fibre considerations
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Ethernet Specific Performance Requirements
Note: Ethernet standards limit 1GbE to 550 m and 10GbE to 300m. Some vendors allow greater distances
Cable Type
Wavelength 1GbE 10GbE 40 /100GbE
Loss (dB) Length (m)
Loss (dB)
Length (m)
Loss (dB)
Length (m)
OM1 8501300
2.62.3
275550
2.42.5
33300
n/an/a
n/an/a
OM2 8501300
3.62.3
550550
2.32.0
82300
n/an/a
n/an/a
OM3 8501300
4.52.3
1000550
2.62.0
300300
1.9n/a
100n/a
OM4 8501300
4.82.3
1100550
3.12.0
550300
1.5n/a
150n/a
© 2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 10
§ Slope
§ Max allowed loss per connector/splice– .75 dB per connector– .3 dB per splice
Generic Fiber Performance Requirements
Cable Type 850 nm 1300 nm 1310 nm 1550 nmOM1 3.5 dB/km 1.5 dB/km n/a n/aOM2 3.5 dB/km 1.5 dB/km n/a n/aOM3 3.5 dB/km 1.5 dB/km n/a n/aOM4 3.5 dB/km 1/5 dB/km n/a n/aOS1 LAN n/a n/a 1.0 dB/km 1.0dB/kmOSP n/a n/a 0.5 dB/km .05 dB/km
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§ Multiple fibres in linear array (more fibres in same space!)– 8,12,24,48, etc.– MTP is an enhanced MPO connector
§ Often used in breakout cassette
§ Or used direct– 12 fibres (40G - 4 lanes, 8 active fibres)– 24 fibres (100G - 10 lanes, 20 active fibres)
Multi-Fibre Push-on/Pull-off (MPO) intro
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§ Things to Consider:– Application loss
requirements are for the channel – not the PL
– Use of MPO cassettes adds connections (and associated loss)
Typical Enterprise Fiber Installation
Optical Patch Panel
Optical Patch Panel
Router in Data Center
Switch in Telecom Room
Fiber Pair between DC and TRTypically multiple pairs
Duplex Fiber Patch Cord Duplex Fiber Patch Cord
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§ Poor end-face condition creates excessive loss at connectors
§ TIA-568 Annex E (new) calls on IEC 61300-3-35– IEC 61300-3-35 provides PASS/FAIL requirements for
connector end-face quality
Fiber Connector Inspection
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TIA568-C update: Connector End-face Quality
• End faces on test cords shall be accordance to IEC 61300-3-35• Use a microscope that is compatible with IEC 61300-3-35• The microscope must use adapters that are compatible with connectors
• TIA-526-14-B Optical Power Loss Measurements of Installed Multimode Fibre Cable Plant
• TIA-526-7Optical Power Loss Measurements of Installed Single-Mode Fibre Cable Plant
The test procedures specified by 568-C require tools and procedures for ensuring connector quality
The next update of 568-C will include explicit details about the inspection requirements in Annex E (testing)
New!!
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MTP Connector Inspection – Test!
§ Test: MTP – Single mode Angled Polish (APC)§ Question: Does this connector pass or fail the specification?
ZONE SCRATCHES DEFECTS
A. CORE(0–25μm)
=> 4μm None
B. CLADDING(25–115μm)
No limit No limit < 2μm5 from 2–5 μmNone > 5μm
IEC 61300-3-35 – Table 4
§ Particles in Zone B >5µm (FAIL)
>5um
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If a critical connection is affected, the impact can be exponential
Exponential Impact
Image property of CommScope
CONTAMINATION is the #1 source of troubleshooting in optical networks
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§ Length and Loss
– TIA “generic” limits provide basic pass/fail
– Increasing need to know what applications are supported
– Application-based pass/fail – Length and overall loss
Tier 1 Fiber Certification
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§ Improper referencing leads to incorrect results– What is the condition of the test jumpers?– What is the right number of fibers to use when referencing? – Never disconnect the TX after reference!– Dealing with connector mis-matches (SC/LC)
Tier 1 Fiber Certification – Referencing
Light Source Power Meter
Power Meter Light Source
Test Jumpers Test Jumpers
Fiber plant under Test
One Fiber
Two Fiber
Three Fiber
Connections included in results due to reference method
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§ Overall loss is more accurate than OTDR – If done correctly!
§ Testing MPO cables requires fan-out cable
§ Launch Conditions into MM– CPR (yesterday)– Encircled Flux (tomorrow)
Tier 1 Fiber Certification
EF NOT OK EF Modal Controller
EF Compliant Set-Up
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§ OTDR trace: shows the loss per event (connectors, etc) and overall slope loss. PASS/FAIL per event.
Tier 2 Fiber Certification
Event Loss
Max 0.75dB
Fiber Loss Slope850 nm: 3.5 dB/km1300 nm: 1.5 dB/km1310/1550 nm : 1.0 dB/km
Event Loss
Max 0.3dB
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§ Launch cable needed to see first connector– Launch cable length a function of
attenuation dead zone, which is a function of pulsewidth
Tier 2 Fiber Certification – Launch and Tail
§ Non-reflective tail needed to see last connector– For MM, use a PC-APC jumper – Condition of launch and tail jumper critical
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§ Condition of OTDR connector critical
§ Two connectors close together may not both be seen (think MPO cassette)
Tier 2 Fiber Certification
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§ Link dropping between two 10G switches§ Overall budget allowable by the system was 9 dB§ Installer was inspecting and cleaning randomly and spent hours trying to find the issue§ A simple OTDR shot could show that connection #5 was the problem
Real troubleshooting case using an OTDR
Copper considerations
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Evolution of Copper Cabling and Ethernet
100Mhz 250Mhz 500Mhz 600Mhz 1000Mhz
Cat-6/Class E
Cat-5e
Cat-6A/Class EA
(Cat-7)/Class F
(Cat-7A)/Class FA
Level IIeLevel III
Level IIIeLevel IV
Tester Accuracy
1995
1999
1999
2002
2002
2006
2007
2009
Soon?
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§ Power budgets have gone from 10W to 4W and are expected to hit 2.5W in the next 12-24 months
§ Major network equipment vendors have added 10GBASE-T ports to their offerings
§ Server adapters readily available and lower cost§ Energy efficient Ethernet has significantly lowered to power
requirements and allowed a low-power mode
Where is 10GBASE-T Today?
“In the data center 10GBASE-T will grow from only 4% of media in 2010 to 44% in 2013”Source: Intel
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§ February 2011: Approved Project to develop next gen cabling for copper data rates beyond 10G
§ Expected to create a new category of cabling (twisted –pair) including field test requirements
§ Data center focus – shorter runs for end-of-row environment§ Backwards compatible with RJ45 allows migration path from
1/10GbE§ Early view is such cabling would need to support 2000MHz
of bandwidth!
TIA TR 42.7 Next Gen Cabling: The Race towards 40GBASE-T
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Field Testing Bandwidth for 40G Over Copper
Field testing bandwidth will be stretched more than two-folds!!
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Key Technical Issues for 40G Over Copper
Issue MitigationData rate stretches Shannon Capacity of available cabling types
- Use higher bandwidth
- Current discussions at TIA, ISO, and IEEE range from 1600 to 2000 MHz
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Key Technical Issues for 40G Over Copper
Issue MitigationPHY devices in the network cards become too hot trying to remove impairments in signal
Higher category cabling systems have far less impairments
These cables may relieve some work of PHY devices and let them remain cooler
© 2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 31
Key Technical Issues for 40G Over Copper
Issue MitigationInsertion Loss at high frequencies degrade signal too much
This may require standards to specify shorter lengths than 100m.Not a big issue for data centers because large proportions of copper links already less than 50m
© 2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 32
§ Field testing has been limited to lower frequencies– BALUN
• raises noise floor, frequency limitation, poor temperature performance, required regular referencing
– Clock jitter– Sampling rate limitations– Unavailability of precision low cost wideband sources
§ Newer designs have solved these problems
§ Some field testers available today have the ability to test proposed frequencies
Tester Bandwidth Challenge
Conclusion
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Pro-Active Testing of Infrastructure
§ The “need for speed” continues unabated– Data centers and enterprise networks need to keep
pace
§ Now – more than ever – the physical media needs to be pro-actively tested and certified
§ Fiber end-face condition is the leading cause of excessive loss – End-face inspection is critical– MPO connectors are particularly critical
§ Copper cables will soon exceed 1GHz – field testing must keep up
© 2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 35
Certifier40GNext Generation Copper
and Fiber Certification
ESAM Module for MTS-4000Modular indepth network analysis
ValidatorPRO familyEveryday use
change management
P5000i probeMicroscope
Handheld automated PASS/FAIL
Fiber Essentials Tool KitIntegrated inspections, cleaning
and testing
T-BERD/MTS 2000Compact Quad OTDR
T-BERD/MTS 4000Modular upgradeable Quad OTDR
Copper & Fibre Cabling Certification ToolsCopper & Fibre Cabling Certification Tools
Active Network Test & TroubleshootingActive Network Test & TroubleshootingConnector End-face InspectionConnector End-face Inspection
JDSU Solutions for Enterprise Networks
Questions?Thank you!