test ids choose three! use sentences to define the term and explain its significance to the period...

Test IDs

• CHOOSE THREE! • USE SENTENCES

TO DEFINE THE TERM AND EXPLAIN ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO THE PERIOD

• Half-way Covenant• Harvard• Zenger Trial• House of Burgesses• Bacon’s Rebellion• Anglo-Powhatan

Wars

Key Concept 3.1

“Britain’s victory over France in the imperial struggle for North America

led to new conflicts among the British government, the North

American colonists, and American Indians, culminating in the creation

of a new nation, the United States.”

Period 3: 1754 – 1800

Historical Thinking Skills: Chronological Reasoning

• Historical causation: Historical thinking involves

the ability to identify, analyze, and evaluate

multiple cause-and-effect relationships in a historical

context, distinguishing between the long-term and

proximate.

Contest to control N. Am. Between 3 European powers:

England, France, and Spain

North America in 1750


BellRinger 1. Which

nation on the map had the

“best” colonies?

Why?2. Based on

the map, what

problems might arise among the European powers?


North America in 1750Class Activity

Use the map provided to

color the extent of the

Spanish, French, &

British colonial control in

North America by 1750.

A map key is required.

French Settlement in North America

• Latecomer to N. Am. • 1608; 1st permanent settlement:

Quebec by Champlain on St. Lawrence River

• New France:– Catholic– Slow Population Growth (60,000 in 1750)– Friendly relations with Huron Indians but

enemies of Iroquois– Economy based on Fur Trade– Royal regime with little toleration of self-

rule– 1718: spread down Miss. River and est.

New Orleans

Area of Clash: Fr. And Engl.

British French

Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne * George Washington * Delaware & Shawnee Indians

The Ohio Valley

1754 The First Clash

1754 The First Clash

1754 Albany Plan of Union

1754 Albany Plan of Union

A Albany Congress (intercolonial meeting)

A representatives from 7 colonies: New England, NY, MD, PA

A Iroquois Indians: trying to get them to stay on British side

A also trying to bolster colonial unity for defense against France

A Wrote: Albany Plan of Union

Colonial Unity??

Albany Plan of Union• Read the proposed plan1. What is the purpose of the Albany Plan of Union?2. Why do you think the plan was not ratified by colonial legislatures?3. What was the message of Franklin’s political cartoon?4. What might have been some arguments in support of the plan? Against the plan?

Native American tribes exploited both sides!

1756 War Is Formally

Declared!

1756 War Is Formally

Declared!

British

• March in formation or bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials.

• Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

• Drills & tough discipline.

• Colonists should pay for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerilla tactics.

• Col. militias served under own captains.

• No mil. protocols observed.

• Resistance to rising taxes.

• Casual, non-professionals.

Methods ofFighting:

MilitaryOrganization:

MilitaryDiscipline:

Finances:

Demeanor:

British-American Colonial TensionsBritish-American Colonial Tensions

Colonials

France --> lost her Canadian possessions, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River.

Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England.England --> got all French lands in Canada, and exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade

War Ends 1763 Treaty of Paris

War Ends 1763 Treaty of Paris



Use the map provided to identify the areas under

Spanish, French, &

British control after the French & Indian War (by 1763)

1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas.

2. It enlarged England’s debt.

3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings.

Therefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her

American Empire was necessary!

Effects of the War on Britain?

Effects of the War on Britain?

• Optimism and self-confidence • Fear of French or Spanish attack

eliminated• Western lands now opened for

settlement by colonists• Colonists gain valuable wartime

experience, confidence in ability to provide for own defense

• It united them against a common enemy for the first time.

• It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.

Effects of the War on the American

Colonials

Effects of the War on the American

Colonials

– Colonists complain about mistreatment by British officers – feel like “second-class English citizens”

– Colonists appalled at brutality of punishment by British leaders on infantrymen.

Americans’ Views About the BritishAmericans’ Views About the British

“In general the dirtiest, most contemptible, cowardly dogs that you can conceive.” – British General Wolfe

“The regulars are but little better than slaves to their officers.” – Mass. Soldier’s diary

Daily “shrieks and cries” of whipped soldiers. “There was a man whipped to death belonging to the Light Infantry. They say he had twenty-five lashes after he was dead.”

– American soldier’s diary

– Still strong loyalty among most to British crown

– Many begin to view themselves as different from British but not yet strong cohesion between colonists

Americans’ Self Image

Americans’ Self Image

• Please refer to your homework video questions to review the French and Indian War

Warm Up ReviewWarm Up Review

– Indians in the interior lose French and Spanish allies

– They feel vulnerable– Conflict between British

colonists increases as whites move into former French territory

Impact of War with Native Americans


• Warm-Up: Review Questions from Station #2

1. What led to Pontiac’s War?2. Given what you know about the

difference between French and British colonialism, why might Chief Pontiac have once said, “I am French, and I want to die French?”

3. Why might the Proclamation of 1763 have angered American colonists?



1763-1769 Pontiac’s

Rebellion

Fort Detroit

The Aftermath: Tensions Along the

Frontier

The Aftermath: Tensions Along the

Frontier

“I am French, and I want to die French.”—Chief Pontiac

Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

British Proclamation Line of 1763.

Colonials Don’t want to be told WHERE to LIVE!

BACKLASH!BACKLASH!Britain: Trying to protect colonists from Indian attacks!

• Permanent standing army– British navy and army

permanently stationed in colonies to defend the frontier

• New rules for searches and seizures– “Writs of assistance” used to

enforce navigation and trade laws more strictly

– Allowed British customs officials to search for smuggled goods anywhere without a warrant

End of Salutary Neglect


1. Sugar Act - 1764

3. Stamp Act - 1765

2. Quartering Act - 1765

George Grenville’s Program, 1763-1765George Grenville’s

Program, 1763-1765

• 1. Sugar Act (1764) – Duties (import taxes) on sugar

and other goods.– First time that taxes used to

raise revenue for Britain and not just to regulate trade.

– Smugglers would be tried in vice-admiralty courts by crown-appointed judges, not by a jury of their peers.



• 2. Quartering Act (1765)– Colonial governments required

to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers.

– New York legislature suspended for six months by Governor for resisting to enforce the law.



• 3. Stamp Act (1765)– First direct (“internal”) tax

imposed by Britain on colonies– Tax on most printed

documents: newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets, deeds, wills, licenses.



• Anti- Stamp Act resolution passed by House of Burgesses in Virginia (May 1765)– Supported local taxation

only UNLESS colonists had representation in British Parliament

– No Taxation without Representation!

Patrick Henry

Colonial Opposition!Colonial Opposition!

• Stamp Act Congress, NYC (October 1765)– Nine colonies sent delegates– Issued “Declaration of Rights”– Supported a non-importation

agreement (BOYCOTT)– Probably most effective tactic


• Mob actions– “Sons of Liberty” secret groups

formed, harass, humiliate, tar and feather stamp collectors

– Civil unrest, esp. in cities during summer of 1765

– Largest in Boston, including mob attack on Lieutenant Governor Thomas Hutchinson’s home

– Attacks on symbols of British authority and colonial wealth.


DBQ

Evaluate the extent to which the French and

Indian War altered relations between Britain and its American colonies

– Use the documents and your knowledge of the period from 1740-1766

DBQ• In pairs, summarize the following:

– Read through the documents– Answer the document guided

questions– Develop a thesis statement– Develop categories of analysis

• Suggested: Political, Economical, and Ideological!

– List evidence in each category

Closure Activity• In pairs, summarize the following:

– As a result of the French & Indian War, how have things changed? Why was the war such a “turning point”?

– From the British gov’t perspective, why are these changes necessary?

– From the colonial perspective, why are these changes difficult to handle?

• New imperial program initiated by King George III (1760) and Prime Minister George Greenville (1763)

• British need to recover cost of war and decide how to “protect” its colonies



test ids choose three! use sentences to define the term and explain its significance to the period...

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