terrorism in islam and the rise of islamic phobia: how it may impact human relations

8/9/2019 Terrorism in Islam and The Rise of Islamic Phobia: How it May Impact Human Relations

1/23

Kyo Kco}yksh`h

Qhaohfhn J|`ke Ylfksoheq

Sy|`ke-Cl]k|f Iyocnl ]yhnyk`

Q}yoen 9==>

Slyyhyoq` oe Oqfk` kec Sjl Yoql hd Oqfkòa ]jhiok7 Jh~ os @k O`}kas J|`ke Ylfksoheq

Kff @|qfo`q kyl slyyhyoqsq& kec kff slyyhyoqsq kyl @|qfo`q% Sjoq kekfhn oq `kbl qleql dhy

`ke }lh}fl kec os oq kaal}slc i sjl }|ifoa& lq}laokff oe \%Q kec L|yh}l% Os oq ehs jkyc sh sjoeb

sjks ~k qoeal sjl oedhy`ksohe iloen clfotlylc sh |q kf~kq }|s @|qfo`q kq sjl n|ofs }kys& hy kq

~l qk os oe ah|ys qsfl fken|knl& Oqfk` oq oeehales |esof }yhtle n|ofs% ^jle ~l jlkyc& ylkc kec

~ksaj kih|s sjl slyyhyoq` kasq oe @occfl Lkqs hy ke hsjly }fkalq kyh|ec sjl ~hyfc& h|y iykoe g|qs

qek} ~osj sjh|njs .os `|qs il chel i .@|qfo`.)% Jogkablyq& q|oaocl ihìlyq& bocek}}lyq& kec

slyyhyoqsq kyl `hqs foblf .@|qfo`q.% Ltly qoeal ?(;; haa|yylc& h|y ksslesoheq jktl ille cyk~e sh

sjl nyh|} hd }lh}fl ~jlyl sjl `le kyl `hqs foblf sh jktl k fhen ilkyc& kec sjl ~h`le kyl |qoen

jogki% ^l ~kes sh beh~ ~jks sjl kyl choen& ~l ~kes sh beh~ ~jks sjl kyl |} sh& kec ~l ~kes

sh beh~ sjloy }hfosoakf `htl`les% Kec sjl `lcok jktl qlytlc h|y a|yohqos i }yhtocoen |q

oedhy`ksohe hd ke boec sjks ~l ~kes sh beh~ dyh` sjl`& ltle ~jle os `lkeq ahtlyoen hel-

qoclc qshyolq kec }hysyklc sjl` kq oej|`kel% Dhy sjl `lcok& os chlqes `kssly ~jks ~h|fc

jk}}lelc oe sjl d|s|yl hy ~jks ch @|qfo`q dllf kih|s os& kq fhen kq os `kblq el~q& os g|qs k nhhc

qs|dd% G|qs ilak|ql h|y onehykeal& ~l jksl sjl`2 dyh` h|y onehykeal kec h|y cleokf jktl yoqle sjl

Oqfkòa }jhiokq% I|s& jktl ~l ltly sjh|njs sjl o`}kas hd Oqfkòa }jhiok dhy sjl j|`ke ylfksoheq

oe sjl d|s|yl8 Dhy ilssly hy ~hyql& ~l jktl sh kcòs sjl lzoqsleal hd sjl }yhifl`q ak|qlc i

Oqfkòa }jhiok& ~jks dkashyq sjks ahesyoi|sl sh os& kec sy sh ylqhftl os ildhyl ionnly afkqjlq hd

aotofowksohe kyoql% Oe sjoq ylqlkyaj }k}ly& O ~h|fc fobl sh skfb kih|s sjl joqshy hd slyyhyoq` oe

Oqfk`& kec chlq os jktl k g|qsodoaksohe oe Oqfk` ikql he sjl [|yke kec q|eekj% O kfqh ~kes sh


2/23

coqa|qq jh~ sjl ylales nfhikf slyyhyoq` kddlasq sjl j|`ke ylfksoheq& }kysoa|fkyf oe sjl ~lqs%

K% Sjl Joqshy hd Slyyhyoq` oe Oqfk`

Sjl Joqshy hd Nfhikf Slyyhyoq`

K%;% Sjl ilnoeeoen

Sjl sly` slyyhyoq` sjks ~l kyl |qoen yonjs eh~ sykalc ikab osq yhhsq sh sjl Dyleaj lyk

ylone hd slyyhy c|yoen sjl Nhyche ylthf|soheq oe ;>?1% @kyb G|lynleq`lly lzk`oelq sjks Sjl

sly` )slyyhyoq`) ah`lq dyh` sjl Dyleaj ~hycsl

yyhyoq`l

& ~joaj oq ikqlc he sjl Fksoe tlyi

slyylylyoe *sh ak|ql sh |yoeksl/&R;P

C|yoen sjl ylno`l hd slyyhy oe Dykeal& sjl sly` hd slyyhyoq`

coces elalqqkyof jktl k elnksotl aheehsksohe% Sjl flkcly hd Dyleaj ylthf|soheky& @kzo`ofole

Yhilq}olyyl& tol~ os kq k bl sh q|ytotl dhy k el~ ihye eksohe% Oe ;>?3 jl clafkylc

Slyyhy oq ehsjoen hsjly sjke g|qsoal& }yh`}s& qltlyl& oedflzoifl2 os oq sjlyldhyl ke l`keksohe hd toys|l2 os oq ehs qh `|aj

k q}laokf }yoeao}fl kq os oq k aheql{|leal hd sjl nlelykf }yoeao}fl hd cl`hayka k}}folc sh h|y ah|esy.q `hqs |ynles ellcq% R9P

Sjl lkyfolqs lzk`}fl hd slyyhyoqs nyh|}q ake il sykalc ikab sh sjl Gl~oqj slyyhyoqs nyh|}q&

Qoakyo kec Wlkfhsq& oe sjl @occfl Lkqs c|yoen sjl doyqs ales|yq hd Yh`ke haa|}ksohe oe @occfl

Lkqs% Sjl ~lyl nlelykff skynlslc Yh`keq& Nyllbq kec Gl~q sjks ahffkihykslc ~osj sjl ahfheokf

nhtlye`les% Sjl boffoenq shhb }fkal c|yoen sjl ckfonjs kec ~lyl ~oselqqlc i `ke }lh}fl%

Sjoq skasoa oq |qlc sh qlec `lqqknl sh sjl Yh`ke k|sjhyosolq kq ~lff kq dhy sjl Gl~q ~jh

ahffkihykslc ~osj sjl` oe q|yyh|ecoen elonjihy ehs sh ahh}lyksl ~osj sjl nhtlye`les% Sjoq

skasoa& fksly ilah`l sjl yldlyykf dhy sjl elzs nlelyksoheq slyyhyoqs nyh|}q%

K%9%Kekyajoqs Slyyhyoq` *;:>:-;?;3/7 Qskysoen ]hoes hd Sykeqeksohekf Slyyhyoq`

Sjl kekyajoqs slyyhyoq` }lyohc haa|yylc k}}yhzo`kslf dyh` ;:>=q sh sjl }lyohc hd sjl

Doyqs ^hyfc ^ky% @hqs hd sjl `htl`lesq ~lyl kqqhaokslc ~osj sjl oclk hd }yh}knkeck i


3/23

kasohe& slyyhyoqs nyh|}q kyl l`lynoen oe Y|qqok& Oskfok& Q}koe& Dykeal& K`lyoake& Qlyiok kec

@kalcheok% Sjloy kylk hd h}lyksoheq q}ylkc ~ocl dyh` Y|qqoke& K|qsyoke kec Hssh`ke l`}oylq

oe sjl lkqs& ^lqslye L|yh}l& kec sh \eoslc Qskslq he ~lqs% Qlyiokq Ifkab Jkec& Ekyhcekk

Thfk hd Y|qqok& kec Ekyhcek Hiykek hd Ihqeok ~lyl k`hen qh`l hd sjl `hqs dk`h|q slyyhyoqs

nyh|}q c|yoen sjks so`l% Sjlyl ~lyl kfqh lzoqs sjl oecotoc|kf slyyhyoqsq sjks kasotl c|yoen sjoq

}lyohc2 Lòfl Jley& kec Afk|co|q Bhleoenqsloe& ~lyl k`hen sjl ~lff beh~e slyyhyoqs ks sjks so`l% Oe sjl

;?sj ales|y& sjl slyyhyoqoq` ~kq hdsle sykeqeksohekf% Os ~kq ~jle sjl Slyyhyoqs hd hel ah|esy qskyslc sh boff

kehsjly slyyhyoqs sjks ylqocl oe kehsjly ah|esy% Hel hd sjl `hqs dk`h|q oeaocles ~kq sjl kqqkqoeksohe hd

Q}keoqj ]yo`l òeoqsly i Oskfoke slyyhyoqs& Qkesh Glyheo`h Akqloyh oe ;:?3% @ke qajhfkyq q|nnlqs sjks sjl

shck.q sykeqeksohekf slyyhyoq` jkq sjl yhhs dyh` lkyfoly sykeqeksohekf slyyhyoq` oe L|yh}l% Qh`l qajhfkyq `kbl

ah`}kyoqhe ils~lle sjl `hclye slyyhyoqs nyh|} fobl ioe Fkcle ~osj sjl lkyfoly ;?sj ales|y Y|qqoke Slyyhyoqs

flkcly% Sjl `hsodq& sjl `lsjhcq& kec sjl skasoaq sjks sjl slyyhyoqs |qoen shck kyl qh`ljh~ qoòfky ~osj sjl

slyyhyoqs nyh|}q oe ;?sj ales|y jktl chel% Sjl kasotosolq hd slyyhyoq` oe sjoq lyk coce.s nh |eehsoalc& `ke

flkclyq ylkas sh sjlql kekyajoqs kasoheq% Flkclyq ~lyl lz}foaosf ylkas sh sjlql kasq7 Sjlhchyl Yhhqltlfs ~kq

k`hen sjl flkcly sjks ylkas sh sjl kekyajoqs slyyhyoq`% Jl clafkylc sjks . sjl kekyajoqs oq sjl lel` hd kff

`keboec. kdsly sjl slyyhyoqs ksskab oe ;?=;%

% Sjoq qoòfkyos ~osj shckq sykeqeksohekf slyyhyoq` jkq ehs nhel |eehsoalc%Qh`l qajhfkyq q|nnlqs sjks ylales slyyhyoqs ltlesq jktl jkc }yla|yqhyq&

~jlsjly oe oecotoc|kf slyyhyoqsq *sjl Q|ckelql @kjco R@|jk` kc Kj`kcP oe

sjl ;::=q kec ioe Fkcle shck/& oe slyyhyoqs hynkeowksoheq *Sjl Ifkab Jkec kecKf [klck/& hy oe ylkasoheq hd }|ifoa hddoaokfq *Sjlhchyl Yhhqltlfs kdsly k slyyhyoqs

ksskab clafkylc oe ;?=; sjks sjl kekyajoqs oq sjl lel` hd kff `keboec& kec

kdsly sjl ?(;; ksskab Nlhynl % I|qj ifk`lc sjl ltof-chlyq/% @hyl q}laodoakff&Dlyn|qhe *9==;i/ kblq ah`}kyoqheq ils~lle don|ylq fobl ioe Fkcle kec fksl

;?sj-ales|y Y|qqoke slyyhyoqsq& ehsoen qoòfkyosolq oe sjl }hfosoakf ylfonohe hd

sjloy oclhfhnolq2 sjl cokq}hyoa hy sykeqeksohekf eks|yl hd ihsj qlsq hd slyyhyoqsq&

~jh hdsle ylqoclc kec }fkeelc ksskabq kiyhkc2 kec sjl qoòfkyos hd nfhikf}hfosoakf lahehòa ahecosoheq ks sjl lec hd sjl ;?sj kec 9=sj ales|yolq%

Qaj~loswly *9==9/ kfqh kyn|lq sjks sjl `kghy }h~lyq oe ;?== ~h|fc jktl

Yldlylealq

R;P G|lynleq`lly& @kyb% Slyyhy oe sjl @oec hd Nhc% 9ec lc%& \eotlyqos hd Akfodhyeok

]ylqq% *9==;/& }%


4/23


5/23

Slyyhyoq` kec sjl QskslFhen ildhyl sjl h|siylkb hd ^hyc ^ky O oe L|yh}l oe ;?;3& ~jks ~h|fc fksly il sly`lc qsksl-q}heqhylc slyyhyoq` jkc kfylkc qskyslc sh `keodlqs osqlfd% Dhy oeqskeal& `ke hddoaokfq oe sjl

Qlyioke nhtlye`les kec òfosky ~lyl oethftlc *kfilos |ehddoaokff/ oe q|}}hysoen& sykoeoen keckyòen sjl tkyoh|q Ikfbke nyh|}q ~joaj ~lyl kasotl }yohy sh sjl kqqkqqoeksohe hd sjl Kyajc|bl

Dykew Dlycoekec he G|el 9:& ;?;3 oe Qkykglth ke kas akyyolc h|s i ke kasotoqs dyh` hel q|ajnyh|}& sjl _h|en Ihqeokeq kec aylcoslc ~osj qlssoen oe }yhnylqq sjl ajkoe hd ltlesq ~joaj flc

sh sjl ~ky osqlfd%RzooP Qoòfkyf& sjl O@YH *@kalcheoke Ylthf|soheky Hynkeowksohe/ q|ytotlcfkynlf ilak|ql Rkq ^kfsly Fk{|l|y ylòecq |qP os ilak`l dhy kff oeslesq kec }|y}hqlq k shhf hd

sjl I|fnkyoke nhtlye`les& kec ~kq |qlc `koef knkoeqs _|nhqfktok kec ~lff kq knkoeqs ch`lqsoalelòlq% Kq q|aj lzk`}flq off|qsyksl& qsksl-q}heqhylc slyyhyoq` oq ehs k el~ }jleh`lehe%

Sjl ;?1=q qk~ k dylqj ~ktl hd }hfosoakf kqqkqqoeksoheq clqlytoen hd sjl ~hyc slyyhyoq`% Sjoq flc

sh }yh}hqkfq ks sjl Flkn|l hd Eksoheq dhy ahetlesoheq sh }yltles kec }|eoqj slyyhyoq` kq ~lff kqsjl lqskifoqj`les hd ke oeslyeksohekf ayoòekf ah|ys *elosjly hd ~joaj ak`l sh k|njs kq sjl ~lyl

htlyqjkch~lc i sjl ltlesq ~joaj ltles|kff flc sh ^hyfc ^ky OO/%RzoooP Clq}osl sjoq& c|yoen

sjl oesly~ky lkyq& slyyhyoq` oeaylkqoenf yldlyylc sh sjl h}}ylqqotl `lkq|ylq o`}hqlc i tkyoh|qshskfoskyoke ylno`lq& `hqs ehskif sjhql oe Ekwo Nly`ke& Dkqaoqs Oskf kec Qskfoeoqs Y|qqok%@hyl ylalesf& hsjly nhtlye`lesq& q|aj kq sjhql òfosky coaskshyqjo}q ~joaj y|flc qh`l Qh|sj

K`lyoake ah|esyolq oe ylales lkyq& hy sjl a|yyles ylno`l oe Woìki~l& jktl kfqh ille h}le shajkynlq hd |qoen q|aj lsjhcq kq k shhf hd qsksl% Q|aj aheqoclyksoheq ehs~osjqskecoen& qh`l

ah``leskshyq& q|aj kq Iy|al Jhdd`ke& kyn|l sjks q|aj |qknlq kyl nlelykff sly`lc slyyhy oehycly sh coqsoen|oqj sjks }jleh`lehe dyh` slyyhyoq & ~joaj oq |eclyqshhc sh il tohfleal

ah`òsslc i ehe-qsksl lesosolq%RzotP Jh~ltly ehs ltlyhel knyllq sjks slyyhyoq` qjh|fc ilaheqoclylc k ehe-nhtlye`leskf |eclyskboen%

Dhy oeqskeal& Glqqoak Qslye oeqoqsq sjks oe clfoilykslf ihìkycoen aotofokeq kq k `lkeq hd

ksskaboen lel` `hykfl& qskslq jktl oecllc ylqhyslc sh slyyhyoq`% ]ly Qslye& q|aj oeqskealqoeaf|cl ehs hef sjl Kffolc qsykslnoa ihìoen ak`}koneq hd ^hyfc ^ky OO& i|s sjl K`lyoake

cyh}}oen hd kshòa ihìq he Joyhqjo`k kec Eknkqkbo sjks leclc sjl ]kaodoa }jkql hd sjksahedfoas%RztP Sjoq oqq|l yl`koeq k aheslesoh|q hel& ~osj oecotoc|kfq q|aj kq sjl ^hyfc ^ky OO

Iyosoqj Koy Ajold& Ihìly Jkyyoq kfslyeksotlf cldleclc kec yltoflc dhy sjloy ilfold oe sjl |sofoskec `hykfos hd qsykslnoa ihìoen%

Slyyhyoq` Qoeal ^hyfc ^ky OOI ahesykqs& sjl }yl}heclykeal hd ehe-qsksl nyh|}q oe sjl slyyhyoq` sjks l`lynlc oe sjl ~kbl hd

^hyfc ^ky OO oq flqq clikskifl% Sjl o``lcoksl dha|q dhy q|aj kasotos `koef qjodslc dyh`

L|yh}l osqlfd sh sjks ahesoelesq tkyoh|q ahfheolq% Kayhqq sjl @occfl Lkqs Kqok kec Kdyoak&ekqales eksohekfoqs `htl`lesq ylqoqslc L|yh}lke kssl`}sq sh ylq|`l ahfheokf i|qoelqq kq |q|kfkdsly sjl cldlks hd sjl Kzoq }h~lyq% Sjks sjl ahfheokfoqsq jkc ille qh ylalesf lz}lfflc dyh` hy

q|ig|nkslc oe sjloy htlyqlkq l`}oylq i sjl Gk}kelql }yhtoclc }qajhfhnoakf q|aahy sh q|ajoeconleh|q |}yoqoenq i coq}lffoen sjl `sj hd L|yh}lke oetoeaoiofos%

Hdsle& sjlql eksohekfoqs kec keso-ahfheokf nyh|}q ahec|aslc n|lyoffk ~kydkyl& ~joaj coddlylc dyh`

slyyhyoq` `koef oe sjks os sleclc sh~kycq fkynly ihcolq hd oyyln|fkyq h}lyksoen kfhen `hyl


6/23

òfosky foelq sjke sjloy slyyhyoqs ah|qoeq& kec hdsle oe sjl h}le dyh` k cldoelc nlhnyk}joakf kylkhtly ~joaj sjl jlfc q~k% Q|aj ~kq sjl akql oe Ajoek kec Oechajoek& ~jlyl q|aj dhyalq

ahec|aslc oeq|ynleaolq knkoeqs sjl B|hòesken ylno`l kec sjl Dyleaj ahfheokf nhtlye`lesylq}lasotlf% Lfql~jlyl& q|aj kq ~osj sjl donjs knkoeqs Dyleaj y|fl oe Kfnlyok& sjlql ak`}koneq

~lyl dh|njs oe ihsj y|ykf kec |yike kylkq kec i slyyhyoqs kec n|lyoffk `lkeq%

Qsoff hsjly q|aj qsy|nnflq fobl sjhql oe Blek& @kfkqok& A}y|q kec ]kflqsoel *kff oethftoen sjlIyosoqj ~jh& kfhen ~osj sjl Dyleaj& ihyl sjl iy|es hd sjoq el~ ~ktl hd slyyhyoq` k ahyhffky hd

sjloy fkynl }yl-~ky l`}oylq/ ~lyl dh|njs i nyh|}q ~jh ake `hyl ylkcof il clqayoilc kqslyyhyoqs% Sjlql nyh|}q {|oabf flkyelc sh lz}fhos sjl i|ynlheoen nfhikfowksohe hd sjl ~hyfcq

`lcok% Kq Jhdd`ke }|sq os7 Sjl ~lyl sjl doyqs sh ylahneowl sjl }|ifoaos tkf|l oejlyles oeslyyhyoq` kec sh ajhylhnyk}j sjloy tohfleal dhy ke k|coleal dky ilhec sjl o``lcoksl

nlhnyk}joakf fhao hd sjloy ylq}lasotl qsy|nnflq%RztoP @hylhtly& oe qh`l akqlq *q|aj kq oeKfnlyok& A}y|q& Blek kec Oqyklf/ slyyhyoq` kyn|kif jlf}lc q|aj hynkeowksoheq oe sjl

q|aalqqd|f ylkfowksohe hd sjloy nhkfq% Kq q|aj sjlql eksohekfoqs kec keso-ahfheokf nyh|}q kyl hdehsl oe ke ~ocly |eclyqskecoen hd slyyhyoq`%

Sjyh|nj sjl ;?4=q kec ;?>=q& sjl e|ìlyq hd sjhql nyh|}q sjks ònjs il clqayoilc kq slyyhyoqs

q~lfflc sh oeaf|cl ehs hef eksohekfoqsq& i|s sjhql `hsotkslc i lsjeoa kec oclhfhnoakfaheqoclyksoheq% Sjl dhy`ly oeaf|clc nyh|}q q|aj kq sjl ]kflqsoeoke Foilyksohe Hynkeowksohe *kec

osq `ke kddofokslq/& sjl Ikq{|l LSK& kec sjl ]yhtoqohekf Oyoqj Yl}|ifoake Ky`& ~jofl sjl fksslyah`}yoqlc hynkeowksoheq q|aj kq sjl Ylc Ky` Dkasohe *oe ~jks ~kq sjle ^lqs Nly`ke/ kec

sjl Oskfoke Ylc Iyonkclq% Kq ~osj sjl l lynleal hd `hclye slyyhyoq` kf`hqs k ales|y lkyfoly&sjl \eoslc Qskslq ~kq ehs o``|el dyh` sjoq fkslqs ~ktl& kfsjh|nj sjlyl sjl oclesos-ayoqoq-cyotle

`hsotksoheq hd sjl ~josl òccfl-afkqq ^lksjly`le qskybf ahesykqslc ~osj sjl njlssh-iylc`kfahesles hd sjl Ifkab ]kesjly `htl`les%RztooP

Fobl sjloy keso-ahfheokfoqs }ylclalqqhyq hd sjl o``lcoksl }hqs-~ky lyk& `ke hd sjl slyyhyoqs

nyh|}q hd sjoq }lyohc ylkcof k}}ylaokslc kec kch}slc `lsjhcq sjks ~h|fc kffh~ sjl` sh}|ifoaowl sjloy nhkfq kec kaah`}foqj lesq oeslyeksohekff% Dhyly|eelyq oe sjoq ~lyl sjl

]kflqsoeoke nyh|}q ~jh }ohellylc sjl jogkaboen hd k ajold qìhf kec `lkeq hd sjl el~ knl hdnfhikfowksohe sjl gls koyfoely kq k `hcl hd h}lyksohe kec }|ifoaos% Hel q|aj nyh|}& Ifkab

Ql}slìly& qsknlc ~jks ~kq *|esof sjl ksskabq he K`lyoak hd Ql}s% ;;& 9==;/ }lyjk}q sjl nylkslqsslyyhyoqs }|ifoaos ah|} sjle qlle& ~osj sjl qlow|yl kec `|ycly hd ;; Oqyklfo ksjflslq ks sjl ;?>9

Hf`}oa Nk`lq% Q|aj oeaoclesq ylq|fslc oe sjl ]kflqsoeoke nyh|}q }yhtocoen sjl oeq}oyksohe *kecoe qh`l akqlq `leshyqjo} kec sykoeoen/ dhy `ke hd sjl el~ nlelyksohe hd slyyhyoqsq

hynkeowksoheq%

@ke hd sjlql hynkeowksoheq jktl shck clafoelc hy alkqlc sh lzoqs kfshnlsjly& ~jofl hsjlyq& q|ajkq sjl ]kflqsoeoke& Ehysjlye Oyoqj kec Q}keoqj Ikq{|l nyh|}q& `hsotkslc i `hyl lec|yoen

ak|qlq& yl`koe kasotl shck kfsjh|nj qh`l eh~ jktl `kcl `htlq sh~kycq }hfosoakf yksjly sjkeslyyhyoqs `lsjhcq% @lke~jofl& i sjl òc-;?:=q& qsksl-q}heqhylc slyyhyoq` yll`lynlc - sjl

akskfqs dhy sjl qlyolq hd ksskabq knkoeqs K`lyoake kec hsjly ^lqslye skynlsq oe sjl @occfl Lkqs%Ah|esyolq q|aj kq Oyke& Oyk{& Foik kec Qyok ak`l sh sjl dhyl kq sjl }yoeao}fl q|aj q}heqhyq hd

slyyhyoq`% Dkffoen oesh k ylfkslc akslnhy ~lyl sjhql ah|esyolq& q|aj kq Ehysj Bhylk& ~jhcoylasf }kysoao}kslc oe ahtlysq kasq hd ~jks ah|fc il clqayoilc kq slyyhyoq`%RztoooP


7/23

Q|aj qsksl-q}heqhylc slyyhyoq` yl`koeq k ahealye hd sjl oeslyeksohekf ah``|eos shck

*lq}laokff osq ^lqslye aheqsos|lesq/& kfsjh|nj os jkq ille qh`l~jks htlyqjkch~lc oe ylalesso`lq i sjl yll`lynleal hd sjl ylfonoh|qf oeq}oylc slyyhyoqs% Sjl fkslqs `keodlqsksohe hd sjoq

sylec ilnke oe ;?>?& ~jle sjl ylthf|sohe sjks sykeqdhy`lc Oyke oesh ke Oqfkòa yl}|ifoa flc os sh

|ql kec q|}}hys slyyhyoq` kq k `lkeq hd }yh}knksoen osq oclkfq ilhec osq h~e ihycly% RzozPIldhyl fhen& sjl sylec jkc q}ylkc ilhec Oyke sh }fkalq kq dky k dolfc kq Gk}ke kec sjl \eoslcQskslq& kec ilhec Oqfk` sh ltly `kghy ~hyfc ylfonohe kq ~lff kq `ke òehy a|fsq% Dyh` sjl

Qkyoe ksskab he sjl Shbh q|i~k i sjl K|` Qjoeyobh oe ;??< sh sjl Hbfkjh`k ihìoen sjlqk`l lky& ylfonohe ~kq knkoe kcclc sh sjl ah`}flz òz hd `hsotksoheq sjks flc sh kasq hd

slyyhyoq`% Sjl kf [klck ksskabq hd Ql}s% ;;& 9==;& iyh|njs jh`l sh sjl ~hyfc& kec hqs}kysoa|fkyf sjl \eoslc Qskslq& g|qs jh~ ckenlyh|q sjoq fkslqs `|sksohe hd slyyhyoq` oq%

Ahesl`}hyky Slyyhyoq`Shck& slyyhyoq` oedf|lealq ltlesq he sjl oeslyeksohekf qsknl sh k clnyll josjlysh |ekajoltlc%Fkynlf& sjoq oq c|l sh sjl ksskabq hd Ql}slìly 9==;% Qoeal sjle& oe sjl \eoslc Qskslq ks flkqs&

slyyhyoq` jkq fkynlf ille l{|kslc sh sjl sjylks }hqlc i kf [klck - k sjylks oedfk`lc ehs hef isjl q}laska|fky kec clkcf eks|yl hd sjl Ql}s% ;; ksskabq sjl`qlftlq& i|s i sjl dlky sjks d|s|yl

qsyoblq ònjs il ltle `hyl clkcf kec l`}fh ~lk}heq hd `kqq clqsy|asohe%

^jksltly nfhikf sjylks `k il }hqlc i kf [klck kec osq dykeajoqllq& sjl \%Q% tol~ hd slyyhyoqèhelsjlflqq yl`koeq& sh k clnyll& fkynlf lnh-alesyoa clq}osl sjl a|yyles kcòeoqsyksoheq

yjlshyoa ahealyeoen k qh-akfflc Nfhikf ^ky Knkoeqs Slyyhyoq % Sjoq oq dky dyh` |eo{|l%Clq}osl sjl o`}foaksoheq sjks kf [klck kas|kff oeslecq sh ~knl k nfhikf oeq|ynlea& sjl aosowleq

hd ah|esyolq q|aj kq Ahfhìok hy Ehysjlye Oylfkec *sh ek`l i|s s~h hd sjhql fhen dkalc ~osjslyyhyoq`/ kyl foblf `hyl }ylhaa|}olc ~osj ~jle kec ~jlyl sjl elzs DKYA hy Ylkf Oyoqj

Yl}|ifoake Ky` ksskab ~off haa|y yksjly sjke ~jlyl sjl elzs kf [klck qsyobl ~off dkff%

Kq q|aj aheqoclyksoheq oecoaksl& slyyhyoq` nhlq ilhec kf [klck& ~joaj os ehs hef }ylckslq i|s~off kfqh h|sfotl% Notle sjoq& od slyyhyoq` oq sh il ah|eslylc `hqs lddlasotlf& ke |eclyqskecoen

hd os `|qs nh ilhec sjl sjylks a|yylesf }hqlc i sjks }kysoa|fky hynkeowksohe% ôsjh|s q|aj kiyhkc-ikqlc k}}yhkaj& ehs hef il ~off slyyhyoq` il |eqhftkifl *sh }kyk}jykql ]offky/ i|s os kfqh

yoqbq ilahòen |e`keknlkifl%

Ah}yonjsEl~ _hybSo`lq Ah`}ke Cla ;?& 9==4

L|yh}l.q @|qfo`q dkal cll}-qlkslc coqayoòeksohe oe lc|aksohe& jh|qoen kec ghiq i|s kfqh qksjl ah|fc ch `hyl sjl`qlftlq sh aheelas ~osj ~ocly qhaols& k L|yh}lke \eohe yl}hys qkq%

Sjl qs|c& ylflkqlc @heck i sjl L|yh}lke @heoshyoen Alesly he Ykaoq` kec Zleh}jhiok& oqsjl doyqs sh ahtly @|qfo`q kayhqq sjl \eohe kec ahoeaoclq ~osj nyh~oen qay|soe hd @|qfo`qq}|yylc i slyyhyoq` kec oeaylkqlc o`ònyksohe dyh` sjl Oqfkòa ~hyfc%

Sosflc ..@|qfo`q oe sjl L|yh}lke \eohe -- Coqayoòeksohe kec Oqfk`h}jhiok&.. sjl ;;


8/23


9/23

kaah`}keolc i nyh~oen kesoK`lyoakeoq` oe sjl Kyki kec @|qfo` ~hyfcq% ^lqslyeo`knlq hd slyyhyoqs ksskabq kec q|oaocl ihìoenq oe Oyk{& ]kflqsoel& Kdnjkeoqske& ]kboqske

kec Oechelqok kyl ah|eslylc oe sjl @|qfo` ~hyfc i sjl oetkqohe kec haa|}ksohe hd Oyk{&ki|qlq ks Ki| Njykoi kec N|keskek`h& kec o`knlq hd aotofoke clksjq kec clqsy|asohe

dyh` sjl Oqyklfo oetkqoheq hd Nkwk kec Flikehe% Dyh` @hyhaah sh @oeckekh& sjl )~ky

knkoeqs Oqfk` kec @|qfo`q) jkq ilah`l k }h}|fky ilfold kec qfhnke% Flkclyq kq cotlyqlkq Qkcck` J|qqloe& Kkshffkj Bjh`loeo& Ioe Fkcle& Wky{k~o kec Oykeoke ]ylqocles@kjyeh|c Kj`kcoelgkc jktl lz}fhoslc `l`hyolq hd sjl Ay|qkclq kec L|yh}lke

ahfheokfoq` kec ajkynlq hd K`lyoake elhahfheokfoq` kq sjylksq sh Oqfk`% Sjoq tol~ oqyloedhyalc i sjl }h~ly hd nfhikfowksohe& dkeelc i sjl yk}oc }lelsyksohe hd slfltoqohe

kec Oeslyels el~q sjyh|njh|s sjl @|qfo` ~hyfc% @|qfo` dllfoenq hd j|òfoksohe kec}h~lyflqqelqq kyl ah`}h|eclc i sjl ~oclq}ylkc ilfold sjks ehs hef sjl }yhq}las hd

cl`hayka i|s kfqh Oqfk` kec Oqfkòa sykcosohe& qh|yalq hd }h~ly kec qsylensj dhyylel~kf kec d|s|yl q|aalqq& kyl |ecly qolnl i ^lqslye chòekeal% Dhy `ke @|qfo`q&

^lqslye - lq}laokff K`lyoake-}hfosoakf& lahehòa& òfosky kec a|fs|ykf jlnl`he kylsjylksq sh oecl}lecleal kec qlfd-clslyòeksohe kq ~lff kq Oqfkòa oclesos%

Os oq knkoeqs sjoq ikabcyh} sjks sjl \eoslc Qskslq clqoylq qskifl& qla|fky cl`haykaolq oe}ylchòekesf @|qfo` ah|esyolq os tol~q kq sjylksq& ~osj sjl q|aalqqd|f aylksohe hd q|aj

cl`haykaolq iloen sjl |fso`ksl `lkq|yl hd toashy oe sjl )~ky he slyyhyoq`%)

Sjl I|qj kcòeoqsyksohe qkq os |eclyqskecq sjks k ayosoakf lkyf qsl} oq sh ~oe sjl jlkysq

kec òecq hd @|qfo`q% I|s k e|ìly hd ajkfflenlq lzoqs ildhyl sjks qsl} ake q|aalqqotlfil skble%

CL@HAYKSOA LZAL]SOHEKFOQ@

Ilfold sjks sjl \eoslc Qskslq oq qlyoh|q kih|s cl`hayka oe @|qfo` ah|esyolq jkq ille|eclyòelc i ~jks oq }lyalotlc kq K`lyoak.q& kec sh k nylks lzsles L|yh}l.q& ch|ifl

qskeckyc oe }yh`hsoen cl`hayka7 osq fhen sykab ylahyc hd q|}}hysoen k|sjhyoskyoke

ylno`lq kec dkofoen sh }yh`hsl cl`hayka oe sjl @|qfo` ~hyfc kq os coc oe hsjly ylnoheqkec ah|esyolq kdsly sjl dkff hd sjl Qhtols \eohe%

Kq dhy`ly Kìkqqkchy Yoajkyc Jkkqq kabeh~flcnlc oe k q}llaj he Clalìly 3& 9==9&

sjl \%Q% nhtlye`les jkq dhy clakclq }ykasoalc )cl`hayksoa lzal}sohekfoq ) oe sjl@|qfo` ~hyfc& q|ihycoeksoen cl`hayka sh hsjly \%Q% oeslylqsq q|aj kq kaalqqoen hof&

aheskoeoen sjl Qhtols \eohe& kec nyk}}foen ~osj sjl Kyki-Oqyklfo ahedfoas%

Od& kq `ke `koeskoe& sjl ~ky knkoeqs ylfonoh|q lzsylòq` kec slyyhyoq` oq k ~ky hd oclkqkec sj|q ke lqqlesokf kec oeslnykf }kys hd }|ifoa co}fh`ka& `kboen h|y akql ahetoeaoenf

kec lddlasotlf yl{|oylq sjks yjlshyoa kih|s sjl }yh`hsohe hd cl`hayka il `ksajlc ikasoheq he sjl nyh|ec sjks kyl clthoc hd k }lyalotlc ch|ifl qskeckyc kec sjl }ykasoal hd

cl`hayksoa lzal}sohekfoq %Os kfqh yl{|oylq beh~oen sjl keq~lyq sh sjlql {|lqsoheq7 ^jks ch @|qfo`q ylkff sjoeb&

kec ~jks ch sjl ylkff akyl kih|s8 Oq sjlyl sy|f ke oeaylkql oe @|qfo` ykcoakf tol~q8 Odqh& ~jks oq cyotoen os8

Oe òc-9==< kec lkyf 9==4& sjl Nkff|} Hynkeowksohe q|ytllc ;= }ylchòekesf @|qfo`

ah|esyolq *@hyhaah& Ln}s& S|ybl& Flikehe& Ghycke& Qk|co Kykiok& Oyke& ]kboqske&Oechelqok kec Ikenfkclqj/ kq }kys hd osq el~ ^hyfc ]hff& ~joaj i sjl lec hd 9==4 ~off

q|ytl kih|s ;1= ah|esyolq& oeaf|coen `hyl sjke 1< sjks kyl }ylchòekesf @|qfo`%


10/23

Sjlyl ~lyl ;&=== oe-jh`l& dkal-sh-dkal q|ytlq }ly ah|esy& ~osj qk`}foen oe |yike kecy|ykf kylkq sjks oq sjl qsksoqsoakf l{|otkfles hd q|ytloen sjl eksohe.q kc|fs }h}|fksohe& ~osj

k qsksoqsoakf-qk`}foen lyyhy yksl hd }f|q hy òe|q 1 }lyalesknl }hoesq%

Sjl doecoenq hd sjl Nkff|} ^hyfc ]hff }yhtocl k ayosoakf dh|ecksohe kec aheslzs dhy

|eclyqskecoen sjl eks|yl kec hyonoeq hd ykcoakf tol~q& kq ~lff kq }lyal}soheq kih|s

^lqslye kssl`}sq sh dhqsly cl`hayksoa nhtlye`lesq%

Sh clslyòel ~jh ònjs il kaa|ykslf akslnhyowlc kq )}hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc) kec*s`hclyksl&) Nkff|} fhhblc ks jh~ ylq}heclesq keq~lylc k {|lqsohe kih|s sjl `hykf

g|qsodoaksohe hd sjl ?(;; ksskabq kec sjloy dkthykiofos yksoenq hd sjl \eoslc Qskslq% Sjhql~jh qkoc sjl ?(;; ksskabq ~lyl ah`}flslf `hykff g|qsodolc kec ~jh kfqh jktl ke

|edkthykifl hy tly |edkthykifl h}oeohe hd sjl \eoslc Qskslq ~lyl sly`lc }hfosoakffykcoakfowlc kec sj|q }hslesokf q|}}hyslyq hd slyyhyoq % Sjhql ~jh coc ehs qk sjl ksskabq

~lyl ah`}flslf g|qsodolc ~lyl sly`lc `hclykslq% Sjoq nyh|} hd )`hclykslq) ake ild|ysjly iyhble ch~e oesh )qbl}soakf `hclykslq&) sjhql ~osj |edkthykifl h}oeoheq hd sjl

\eoslc Qskslq * }lyales ~jh qkoc sjl ksskabq ~lyl ah`}flslf g|qsodolc kec jktl|edkthykifl h}oeoheq hd sjl \eoslc Qskslq%

Sjlyl kyl k e|ìly hd doecoenq sjks kyl q|y}yoqoen& kec qh`l cld ahetlesohekf ~oqch`kih|s sjl cyotlyq hd Oqfkòa lzsylòq`7

' Ihsj sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kec `hclykslq jktl qsyhen ylfonoh|q qleso`lesq& kq`lkq|ylc i dyl{|lea hd ylfonoh|q qlytoal kssleckeal kec kddoy`ksohe sjks ylfonohe oq ke

o`}hyskes }kys hd sjloy fotlq%

' Sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kyl& he ktlyknl& `hyl lc|akslc kec kddf|les sjke `hclykslq%

' Sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc ahetl k qleql hd iloen )chòekslc) hy ltle )haa|}olc) isjl ^lqs%

' Ylq}hecoen sh ke h}le-leclc {|lqsohe& sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc `hqs dyl{|lesf

`lesohe )haa|}ksohe(\%Q% chòeksohe) kq sjloy nylkslqs dlky& ~jofl `hclykslq lz}ylqqahealyeq kih|s lahehòa }yhifl`q%

Oe ke ks`hq}jlyl oe ~joaj sjl afkyohe akff hd k afkqj hd aotofowksoheq qll`q oeaylkqoenf

oeltoskifl& ~jks ake il chel8 Sjl ellc dhy }|ifoa co}fh`ka jkq eltly ille `hylo`}hyskes& `kboen sjl ellc dhy qhfoc cksk kih|s sjhql ~l ~oqj sh ahetoeal ltle `hyl

ayosoakf%

Yhilys @aEk`kyk qkq jl eh~ ilfoltlq sjks ~jks chh`lc sjl \eoslc Qskslq c|yoen sjl

Tolsek` ^ky ~kq k fkab hd beh~flcnl kih|s osq lel`& sjl Ehysj Tolsek`lql% Os coce.sbeh~ ~jks sjl sjh|njs hy ~jks sjl ~keslc% Sjl ~ky ~kq qlle hef oe iyhkc

nlh}hfosoakf sly`q& }kys hd sjl )chòeh sjlhy) kec sjl ~hyfc~ocl qsy|nnfl sh }yltles sjlq}ylkc hd k `hehfosjoa ah``|eoq`& g|qs kq sjl }ylqles ~ky oq akqs kq k ~ky knkoeqs nfhikf

slyyhyoq`& kfsjh|nj qh`l @|qfo`q qll os kq k ~ky knkoeqs Oqfk`% Kq sjl ~hyfc ah``|eosdkalq k ahesoe|lc qsy|nnfl ~osj nfhikf slyyhyoq`& os oq ayosoakf sjks ~l fhhb afhqly kec

|eclyqskec )sjl hsjly) @|qfo` `koeqsylk` `kghyosolq kq ~lff kq sjhql ~jh kyl - hy ah|fc


11/23

qh`lck il - foeblc ~osj lzsylòq` kec slyyhyoq %

Qh`l hd sjl bl {|lqsoheq sjks `|qs il kqblc& kec sh qh`l clnyll jktl ille keq~lylc

i sjl Nkff|} qs|c& kyl sjlql7

' ^jh kyl sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc& kec ~jks `kblq sjl` soab8

' ^jks oq sjl foeb ils~lle slyyhyoq` kec }htlys hy onehykeal8' ^jks oq sjl ylfksoheqjo} ils~lle Oqfk` kec slyyhyoq & kec ils~lle gojkc kec q|oaoclslyyhyoq`8

' ^j ch sjl jksl |q kec h|y ~k hd fodl8

' Jh~ ch sjhql ~jh kyl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc dllf kih|s ^lqslye dyllch`q kecslajehfhn8

' Jh~ ch sjl tol~ K`lyoak8

' ^jks ch sjl qk kih|s sjl ah|esyolq hd L|yh}l8

' ^jks kyl sjl }yo`ky cyotlyq hd lzsylòq`8

^JH KYL SJL YKCOAKFOWLC8

Clikslq kih|s jh~ }lh}fl ilah`l slyyhyoqsq jktl ille nhoen he dhy clakclq% Sjl ak|qlq

hd slyyhyoq` kyl qkoc sh il }qajhfhnoakf *sjl kyl kiehy`kf& clykenlc& oyyksohekf/&qhaohfhnoakf *sjl kyl |elc|akslc& kfolekslc qhaokf òqdosq/& lahehòa *sjl kyl }hhy&

|el`}fhlc& jh}lflqq/& }hfosoakf *sjl ylglas cl`hayka& dyllch`& j|`ke yonjsq/& kecylfonoh|q *sjl kyl dkeksoaq& wlkfhsq& ilfoltlyq oe k tohfles ylfonohe sjks ylglasq

`hclyeowksohe kec slajehfhn/%

Sjl ahetlesohekf ~oqch` oq ikqlc he hfc kec cll}f jlfc qslylhs}lq kec}ylq|}}hqosoheq& oe }kys ke oes|osotl qleql sjks ykcoakfoq` kec slyyhyoq` ~lyl cyotle i k

ahìoeksohe hd ylfonoh|q dkeksoaoq`& }htlys kec |el`}fh`les% Sjl ylf|askeal sh qll

ykcoakfq kq hsjly~oql oeslffonles& yksohekf }lh}fl ylq}hecoen sh }lyalotlc nyoltkealq ~kqyldflaslc ~osjoe ~llbq kdsly ?(;;% @lcok yl}hyslc sjl )qs|eeoen coqahtly) sjks `hqs hdsjl ksskablyq ~lyl ehs dyh` sjl }hhy& ch~esyhccle& |eclylc|akslc kec kfolekslc qlashyq

hd qhaols& i|s yksjly sjks sjl& fobl sjloy flkclyq Ioe Fkcle kec sjl }jqoaoke K`ke kf-Wk~kjoyo& ~lyl ~lff-lc|akslc& òccfl- sh |}}ly-afkqq kec dyh` qskifl dkòf

ikabnyh|ecq% Sjoq }yhdofl ykoqlq o`}hyskes {|lqsoheq kih|s ~j }lh}fl dyh` qllòenfehy`kf ikabnyh|ecq ilah`l slyyhyoqsq%

I|s& qjh|fc ~l jktl ille qh q|y}yoqlc i sjl }yhdofl hd sjl ?(;; ksskablyq kq ~lff kq sjlflkclyq hd kf-[klck kec hsjly slyyhyoqs nyh|}q8 Ehs od ~l yl`lìlylc ylales joqshy& dhy

@|qfo` lzsylòq` oq ehs k el~ }jleh`lehe% Lzsylòqs nyh|}q dyh` Ln}s kec Kfnlyoksh Flikehe& ]kboqske& Oechelqok kec sjl qh|sjlye ]jofo}}oelq jktl lzoqslc dhy clakclq%

Lkyf qs|colq i sjl Ln}soke qhaohfhnoqs Qkkc Lccoe Oiykjo` kec hsjlyq hd sjl kqqkqqoeqhd Ln}s.q ]ylqocles Ke~ky Qkcks oe ;?:; jktl aheaf|clc7

Sjl s}oakf qhaokf }yhdofl hd `lìlyq hd òfoskes Oqfkòa nyh|}q ah|fc il q|``kyowlc kq

iloen h|en *lkyf s~lesolq/& hd y|ykf hy q`kff-sh~e ikabnyh|ecq& dyh` sjl òccfl kecfh~ly òccfl afkqq& ~osj jonj kajoltl`les `hsotksohe& |}~kycf `hiofl& ~osj qaoleal hy

lenoellyoen lc|aksohe& kec dyh` k ehy`kff ahjlqotl dkòf%%%% @hqs hd sjhql ~loetlqsonkslc ~h|fc il aheqoclylc `hclf h|en Ln}sokeq%;


12/23

Qoòfkyf& ~osj qh`l lzal}soheq& shck.q iyllc hd òfoskesq kec slyyhyoqsq& dyh` sjl ?(;;ksskablyq sh sjl Fheche ihìlyq hd ;(;& jktl ille lc|akslc oecotoc|kfq dyh` òccfl- kec

~hyboen-afkqq ikabnyh|ecq% Qh`l ~lyl clth|s2 hsjlyq ~lyl ehs% @hqs ~lyl ehs nykc|kslqhd `kcykqkq hy qlòekyolq i|s hd }yotksl hy }|ifoa qajhhfq kec |eotlyqosolq% Ioe Fkcle

~kq sykoelc oe `keknl`les kec lahehòaq& Kf-Wk~kjoyo& k }lcoksyoa q|ynlhe& kec hsjly

kf-[klck flkclyq& kq ~lff kq sjhql ylq}heqoifl dhy sjl ^hyfc Sykcl Alesly kec ]lesknheksskabq q|aj kq @|jk``kc Kssk& ~lyl ~lff-lc|akslc& òccfl-afkqq }yhdlqqohekfq% Iyosoqj-ih` H`ky Qjlobj& sjl slyyhyoqs bocek}}ly hd sjl lzla|slc ^kff Qsylls Gh|yekf yl}hysly

Ckeolf ]lkyf& ~kq lc|akslc ks lfosl }yotksl qajhhfq& oeaf|coen sjl Fheche Qajhhf hdLahehòaq%

Kekfwoen sjl keq~lyq hd sjl > }lyales hd sjhql ~jh g|qsod ?(;; kec tol~ sjl \eoslcQskslq |edkthykif kec ah`}kyoen sjl` ~osj sjl `hclyksl `kghyos }yhc|alq qh`l

q|y}yoqoen ylq|fsq% Akffoen sjl > }lyales )}hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc) oq ehs sh qk sjks kff oesjoq nyh|} ah`òs kasq hd tohfleal% Jh~ltly& sjhql ~osj ykcoakf tol~q kyl k }hslesokf

qh|yal dhy ylay|os`les hy q|}}hys dhy slyyhyoqs nyh|}q% Sjoq nyh|} kfqh oq qh ah`òsslc shajkenoen }hfosoakf qos|ksoheq sjks sjl kyl `hyl foblf sh tol~ hsjly aotofoke ksskabq kq

g|qsodokifl% Dhy lzk`}fl& ;1 }lyales hd sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc tlyq|q ; }lyales hd`hclykslq qk ksskabq he aotofokeq kyl )ah`}flslf g|qsodolc%)

^jks oq sjl knl kec nlecly hd sjl }hfosoakf ykcoakfq8 Sjl kyl h|enly& i|s ehsq|iqskesokff% Dhys-eoel }lyales kyl ils~lle sjl knlq hd ;: kec 9?& ~jofl 39 }lyales hd

sjhql ~osj `hclyksl tol~q kyl oe sjl qk`l knl ykenl% Ahesyky sh ~jks qh`l ònjslz}las& ~jofl sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kyl `hyl foblf sh il `kfl& 1> }lyales kyl dl`kfl%

Oe `ke @|qfo` qhaolsolq *Ln}s& Oyke& S|ybl& Qk|co Kykiok& @kfkqok kec Oechelqok/&oeaylkqoen e|ìlyq hd ~h`le kyl lc|akslc kec& fobl `le& kfqh jktl kaalqq sh sjl

oeslyeksohekf `lcok2 sjloy nylksly k~kylelqq hd oeslyeksohekf kddkoyq kec }hfosoaowksohe oqehs q|y}yoqoen% Qoòfkyf& k òehyos hd q|oaocl ihìlyq jktl ille ~h`le%

]HHY KEC ONEHYKES8Sjl Kyki Cltlfh}`les Yl}hys hd 9==< kec `ke hsjly qs|colq hd @|qfo` ah|esyolq jktlcha|`leslc dhy lkyq sjl lzoqsleal hd qoneodoakes }htlys kec offoslyka% Sjl kyl dh|ec

oe ]kflqsoeoke yld|nll ak`}q kec sjl qf|`q hd Kfnolyq& Akoyh& Iknjckc kec Gkbkysk& kq~lff kq oe `ke hsjly ehe-@|qfo` cltlfh}oen eksoheq% ]htlys kec k fkab hd oedhy`ksohe

kec qboffq elalqqky dhy qhaokf `hiofos kyl sjl ylq|fs hd cll}-qlkslc lahehòa kec qhaokf}yhifl`q sjks ake nlelyksl iyhkc-ikqlc coqahesles% Jh~ltly& kyl }htlys kec k fkab hd

lc|aksohe kec }htlys bl dkashyq sjks coqsoen|oqj sjhql ~osj ykcoakf tol~q dyh``hclykslq8 Sjl cksk qk eh%

' Sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc& he ktlyknl& kyl `hyl lc|akslc sjke `hclykslq7 4> }lyales

hd sjhql ~osj ykcoakf tol~q jktl qlahecky hy jonjly lc|aksoheq tlyq|q


13/23

coddlylesokslq sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc dyh` `hclykslq7

Eh coddlyleal lzoqsq oe sjl }lyalesknlq hd }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kec `hclykslq ~jh qk

sjl jktl k ghi%

K`hen sjhql ~jh kyl l`}fhlc& sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc jhfc ghiq ~osj nylksly

ylq}heqoiofos7 kf`hqs jkfd *3> }lyales/ hd sjhql ~osj ykcoakf tol~q tlyq|q 13 }lyales hdsjl `hclykslq qk sjl q|}lytoql hsjly }lh}fl ks ~hyb%

Sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kyl ehs `hyl )jh}lflqq) sjke sjl `koeqsylk`% Oe keq~lyq sh

{|lqsoheq kih|s sjloy fotlq& fkynly }lyalesknlq hd }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc sjke `hclykslqylq}hec sjks sjl kyl `hyl qksoqdolc ~osj sjloy doekeaokf qos|ksohe& qskeckyc hd fotoen kec

{|kfos hd fodl% Dhy lzk`}fl& 43 }lyales hd sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc tlyq|q


14/23

q|}}hyslc sjl Joec| qhaokf afkqq(akqsl qqsl`%

Oe ylales clakclq& ylfonohe jkq ilah`l }kys hd ~kyq hd foilyksohe kec ylqoqskeal kq ~lff kq

kasq hd slyyhyoq` sjyh|njh|s sjl ~hyfc% ^l qll sjoq oe ahedfoasq ils~lle Qobjq kec Joec|qoe Oecok2 @|qfo` Ihqeokbq& Ayhksoke Aksjhfoaq kec Qlyioke Hysjhchz oe sjl dhy`ly

_|nhqfktok2 Ajyoqsoke& @|qfo`& kec Cy|wl òfosokq oe Flikehe2 Aksjhfoa kec ]yhslqskes

òfoskesq oe Ehysjlye Oylfkec2 @|qfo`q kec Ajyoqsokeq oe Eonlyok2 @|qfo` *Jk`kq kecOqfkòa Gojkc/ kec Gl~oqj d|eck`leskfoqsq *sjl N|qj L`|eo`& @loy Bkjkel.q Bkaj }kyskec _onkf Kòy& sjl kqqkqqoe hd _osqjkb Ykioe/ oe Oqyklf-]kflqsoel%

Afhqly sh jh`l& sjl tkqs `kghyos hd slyyhyoqs ksskabq he K`lyoake qhof oe sjl fkqs ;< lkyqjktl ah`l dyh` Ajyoqsoke slyyhyoqs nyh|}q% Aksjhfoa& F|sjlyke kec ]ylqislyoke kasotoqsq

jktl ihìlc nk ikyq& qjhs hy bofflc kihysohe }yhtoclyq& kec ihìlc sjloy afoeoaq% ^joslAjyoqsoke-q|}yl`ka nyh|}q jktl ille foeblc sh ksskabq he sjl Alesleeokf Hf`}oa ]kyb

oe Ksfkesk kec `ke hsjly oeaoclesq& oeaf|coen Y|i Yocnl% So`hsj @aTlonj |qlc sjlAhq`hsjloq` lq}h|qlc i ôffok` ]olyal sh g|qsod ihìoen sjl Kfdylc ]% @|yykj

Dlclykf I|ofcoen oe Hbfkjh`k Aos% Jh~ltly coddlyles& ylfonoheq jktl oe sjl }kqs kq ~lffkq shck ille k `lkeq sh flnoso`ksl jhf kec |ejhf qsy|nnflq kec ~kyq%9

OQFK@ KEC )GOJKC)8

Eh ~hyc jkq ah`l sh }h}|fkyf qìhfowl tohfleal kec slyyhy oe sjl ek`l hd Oqfk` `hylsjke gojkc& k sly` sjks oq ~oclf |qlc kec ki|qlc% Gojkc ~kq |qlc oe sjl Kdnjke ylqoqskeal

sh Qhtols haa|}ksohe% ]hqs-Kdnjkeoqske& os jkq ille l`}fhlc oe g|qs kih|s ltly @|qfo`qsy|nnfl hd ylqoqskeal kec foilyksohe kq ~lff kq lzsylòq` kec slyyhyoq` oe Ihqeok&

Bhqhth& Ajlajek& Bkqjòy& Nkwk& Flikehe kec IkOo% Slyyhyoqsq fobl Ioe Fkcle&Wky{k~g& sjl Fheche ihìlyq kec hsjly ykcoakfq kq ~lff kq& oyheoakff& `ke ehe-

@|qfo`q l{|ksl gojkc ~osj k @|qfo` jhf ~ky knkoeqs |eilfoltlyq% Jh~ltly& `kehiqlytkes @|qfo`q ah|esly sjks jhf ~ky oq ehs ke Oqfkòa i|s yksjly k Ajyoqsoke sly`&

hyonoeksoen ~osj sjl Ay|qkclq%

Gojkc& `lkeoen )sh qsy|nnfl&) oq yhhslc oe sjl [|yke.q ah``kec sh )qsy|nnfl hy lzlys)helqlfd oe sjl }ksj hd Nhc% Os }yo`kyof `lkeq sjl hifonksohe hd kff @|qfo`q& oecotoc|kfqkec sjl ah``|eos& sh ch Nhc.q ~off7 sh flkc k toys|h|q fodl& qsy|nnfl knkoeqs sjl ltof oe

helqlfd& `kbl k qlyoh|q lddhys sh ch nhhc ~hybq kec jlf} sh yldhy` qhaols% Cl}lecoen hesjl aoya|`qskealq oe ~joaj hel fotlq& gojkc ake kfqh `lke donjsoen oeg|qsoal kec

h}}ylqqohe& aylksoen k g|qs qhaols sjyh|nj }ylkajoen kec slkajoen kec& od elalqqky&lenknoen oe ky`lc qsy|nnfl sh cldlec hel.q ah``|eos kec ylfonohe% Sjlql `|fso}fl

`lkeoenq ahesoe|l sh lzoqs kayhqq sjl @|qfo` ~hyfc%

Hel hd sjl h}le-leclc {|lqsoheq Nkff|} kqbq oq& )]flkql slff `l oe hel ~hyc *hy k tlydl~ ~hycq/ ~jks .gojkc. `lkeq sh h|%) Hd sjl sjh|qkecq hd qlfd-aykdslc cldoeosoheq

ylalotlc& }lyqhekf cldoeosoheq hd gojkc oeaf|cl *oe yh|njf claylkqoen hycly hd dyl{|lea/yldlylealq sh7

' )K ah`òs`les sh jkyc ~hyb) kec )kajoltoen hel.q nhkfq oe fodl)

' )Qsy|nnfoen sh kajoltl k ehifl ak|ql)

' )]yh`hsoen }lkal& jky`he hy ahh}lyksohe& kec kqqoqsoen hsjlyq)

' )Fotoen sjl }yoeao}flq hd Oqfk`)


15/23

Oe sjl dh|y Kyki eksoheq oe ~joaj sjl {|lqsohe ~kq kqblc oe 9==; *Flikehe& B|~kos&Ghycke kec @hyhaah/& sjl `hqs dyl{|lesf kysoa|fkslc clqayo}soheq hd gojkc oeaf|clc

yldlylealq sh hel.q )c|s sh~kyc Nhc&) k )cotoel c|s) hy k )~hyqjo} hd Nhc) - ~osj ehlz}foaos òfoskyoqsoa aheehsksohe ks kff%

Oe dh|y hd sjl lonjs ah|esyolq oe ~joaj sjoq {|lqsohe ~kq kqblc *]kboqske& Oyke& S|ybl

kec Oechelqok/& k qoneodoakes òehyos coc oeaf|cl qh`l yldlyleal sh )qkayodoaoen hel.q fodldhy sjl qkbl hd Oqfk`( Nhc(k g|qs ak|ql) hy )donjsoen knkoeqs sjl h}}helesq hd Oqfk`%) Sjoq~kq sjl qoenfl `hqs oclesodokifl }ksslye ~osjoe sjl tlyikso` ylq}heqlq ylalotlc& sjh|nj oe

ehel hd sjlql ah|esyolq qktl Oechelqok ~kq os lz}ylqqlc i ke h|syonjs `kghyos%

Hel sjoen oq aflky7 k`hen @|qfo`q nfhikff& sjl aheal}s hd gojkc oq aheqoclykif `hyl

e|kealc sjke sjl qoenfl qleql oe ~joaj ^lqslye ah``leskshyq oetkyokif oethbl sjlsly`%

YLFONOHE KEC Q\OAOCL SLYYHYOQ@

Sjl `hqs ahesyhtlyqokf kec oeaylkqoenf ~oclq}ylkc dhy` hd slyyhyoq` oq q|oaoclihìoen& |qlc qoeal sjl lkyf ;?:=q kq k `kghy qsykslnoa ~lk}he hd ylqoqskeal i @|qfo`

òfoskesq kq ~lff kq hsjly ylfonoh|q *Ajyoqsoke& Gl~oqj& Joec| kec I|ccjoqs/ kec lsjeoanyh|}q% Hdsle q|oaocl ihìoenq kyl kssyoi|slc sh ylfonoh|q d|eck`leskfoq` hy ylfonoh|q

dkeksoaoq`& `hsotkslc i k jhf-~ky `leskfos kec sjl }yhòql hd jlktlef yl~kycq dhy`kysyq% I|s ~jofl slyyhyoqsq |ql ylfonoh|q k}}lkfq sh ylay|os thf|esllyq& oq ylfonohe sjl bl

}ylao}oskshy hd slyyhyoq`8

Yhilys ]k}l hd sjl \eotlyqos hd Ajoaknh& kdsly k ah`}yljleqotl qs|c hd kff q|oaocl

slyyhyoq` oeaoclesq dyh` ;?:= sh 9==1& aheaf|clc7

Dyh` Flikehe sh Qyo Fkebk sh Ajlajek sh Bkqjòy sh sjl ^lqs Ikeb& ltly `kghyq|oaocl-slyyhyoqs ak`}kone - htly ?< }lyales hd kff sjl oeaoclesq - jkq jkc kq osq alesykf

higlasotl sh ah`}lf k cl`hayksoa qsksl sh ~osjcyk~%1

Jh~ltly& ~jofl ylcylqqoen ylkf hy }lyalotlc haa|}ksohe kec oeg|qsoal& ihsj ylfonoh|q kecqla|fky nyh|}q jktl dyk`lc sjloy slyyhyoqs kasq ~osjoe k }h~lyd|f ylfonoh|q `lco|`%

Sjl Skòf Sonlyq& k @kyzoqs-Fleoeoqs nyh|} ~jhql `koe skasoa oq q|oaocl ihìoenq& jkq

k}}lkflc sh Skòf Joec| oclesos oe osq qsy|nnfl knkoeqs Qoejkflql I|ccjoqsq oe Qyo Fkebksh kajoltl oecl}lecleal% Jk`kq& ke kayhe` dhy )Oqfkòa ylqoqskeal `htl`les&)

hyonoekslc }yo`kyof sh ylqoqs Oqyklfo haa|}ksohe& i|s ylfonohe jkq ille |qlc sh flnoso`kslosq lzoqsleal kec osq kasq hd slyyhyoq`% Ltle sjl kf-K{qk @kysyq Iyonkcl& k qla|fky

]kflqsoeoke òfosok jkq& fobl Jk`kq& |qlc ylfonohe sh flnoso`ksl osq q|oaocl ihìoenq&ajhhqoen sjl ek`l kfK{qk *k `kghy `hq{|l kec ylfonoh|q qosl oe Gly|qkfl`/ kq ~lff kq

akffoen osq ksskabq )gojkcq) kec osq dkffle )gojkcoqsq) `kysyq%

Flikehe& @kcyoc kec Oyk{ }yhtocl nhhc lzk`}flq dyh` sjl }kqs s~h clakclq hd q|oaoclihìlyq. qsyksln& skasoaq kec higlasotlq% Kfsjh|nj q|oaocl ksskabq kyl qkoc sh jktl

hyonoekslc ~osj Jk`kq oe sjl Oqyklfo-]kflqsoeoke ahedfoas& sjl kas|kff doyqs haa|yylc oesjl @|qfo` ~hyfc oe Flikehe& |qlc i Jowihffkj kec k O-Go j kc oe ;?:1 knkoeqs sjl \%Q%

@kyoel ikyykabq oe Iloy|s& ~jle 93; K`lyoakeq ~lyl bofflc% Jowihffkj.q q|oaocl ksskablyqlzl`}fod sjl dkas sjks `lìlyq hd ylqoqskeal `htl`lesq kyl ehs elalqqkyof `hsotkslc

i ylfonohe% Sjl ksskablyq oe sjoq akql oeaf|clc hef lonjs @|qfo` d|eck`leskfoqsq& kfhen~osj sjyll Ajyoqsokeq kec 9> ah``|eoqsq kec qhaokfoqsq%


16/23

Sjl }hfosoakf aheslzs ajkenlc oe ;?:? kdsly sjl Skod kaahycq leclc sjl Flikelql aotof~ky% Jowihffkj ilak`l k `kghy }fkly oe lflashykf }hfosoaq% Kfsjh|nj kq k }hfosoakf }kys

Jowihffkj leghlc k qoneodoakes }ylqleal oe sjl Flikelql }kyfok`les& os yld|qlc sh fkch~e osq ky`q oe sjl qh|sj& ahesoe|oen sh donjs ~jks os ylnkyclc kq Oqyklfo haa|}ksohe% Sjl

Oqyklfo }| O fh|s kdsly ;: lkyq *;?:9-9===/ ~kq ~oclf qlle i `ke& oe }kysoa|fky

òfoskes Oqfkòqsl& kq toecoaksoen sjl skasoakf |ql hd tohfleal kec q|oaocl ihìoen% Oe sjloyòecq& sjl skasoa ~kq d|ysjly toecoakslc oe q|``ly 9==4 c|yoen sjl fkslqs Jowihffkj-Oqyklfo ahedfoas oe Flikehe%

Oe ahesykqs sh Flikehe kec `ke hsjly ah|esyolq& sjl 9==3 q|oaocl ihìoen oe @kcyoc~kq akyyolc h|s i kf-[klck& ehs knkoeqs haa|}ksohe oe Q}koe i|s sh slyyhyowl Q}keokycq

ildhyl lflasoheq kec sj|q cldlks sjl oea|ìles }yo`l òeoqsly& ~jh q|}}hyslc sjloetkqohe kec haa|}ksohe hd Oyk{% Sjoq qsyksln q|aallclc ~jle sjl el~ nhtlye`les

~osjcyl~ Q}keoqj syhh}q dyh` Oyk{ qjhysf kdsly kqq|òen }h~ly%

Q|oaocl slyyhyoq` ~kq |ebeh~e oe Oyk{ ildhyl osq oetkqohe kec haa|}ksohe i sjl \eoslc

Qskslq kec Nylks Iyoskoe% Jh~ltly& os ilak`l k ~oclq}ylkc skasoa& |qlc i Q|eeo kec Qjooòfoskesq oe sjloy qlaskyoke ahedfoasq htly }h~ly kec sh lec K`lyoake haa|}ksohe%

Od q|oaocl slyyhyoq` oq ehs qo`}f cyotle i ifoec ylfonoh|q& lsjeoa& hy a|fs|ykf jksylc i|s

i }lyalotlc hy ylkf oeg|qsoalq& oe }kysoa|fky haa|}ksohe& sjle ~jks kih|s sjl ltly-}ylqles{|lqsohe& )^j ch sjl jksl |q8)

^J_ CH SJL_ JKSL \Q8

Sjoq {|lqsohe& ykoqlc oe sjl o``lcoksl kdsly`ksj hd ?(;;& fhh`q fkynl dhffh~oen ahesoe|lc

q|oaocl kec hsjly slyyhyoqs ksskabq kq ~lff kq sjl cyk`ksoa nyh~sj hd keso-K`lyoakeoq % Kah``he keq~ly }yhtoclc i qh`l \%Q% }hfosoaokeq kec lz}lysq jkq ille& )Sjl jksl h|y

~k hd fodl& h|y dyllch`& cl`hayka kec q|aalqq%)

Aheqoclyoen sjl iyhkc-ikqlc keso-K`lyoakeoq` ehs hef k`hen ykcoakfq i|s kfqh k`hen k

qoneodoakes `koeqsylk` `kghyos oe sjl @|qfo` ~hyfc *kec oecllc oe `ke hsjly }kysq hdsjl ~hyfc/& sjoq keq~ly chlq ehs qksoqd% Kfsjh|nj sjlyl kyl `ke ah``he nyoltkealqlz}ylqqlc oe sjl @|qfo` ~hyfc& ch sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kec `hclykslq coddly oe

kssos|clq kih|s sjl ^lqs8

' ^jle kqblc ~jks sjl kcòyl kih|s sjl ^lqs& ihsj }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kec

`hclykslq `lesohe sjl sh} sjyll q}heskelh|q ylq}heqlq7 *;/ slajehfhn2 *9/ sjl ^lqs.qtkf|l qqsl` - jkyc ~hyb& oecotoc|kf ylq}heqoiofos& y|fl hd fk~& kec ahh}lyksohe2 kec *1/

dkoy }hfosoakf qqsl`q - cl`hayka& ylq}las hd j|`ke yonjsq& dyllch` hd q}llaj& kecnlecly l{|kfos%

' Fhhboen ks sjloy h~e ah|esyolq& k qoneodoakesf jonjly }lyalesknl hd sjl }hfosoakffykcoakfowlc *


17/23

ylfksoheq ~osj sjl ^lqs ahealyeq `l k fhs%) Ltle `hyl q|y}yoqoen& sjhql ~osj ykcoakf}hfosoakf tol~q `hyl oesleqlf ilfoltl sjks Kyki(@|qfo eksoheq kyl lknly sh jktl ilssly

ylfksoheq ~osj sjl ^lqs% Sjoq }hoes hd tol~ ~kq lz}ylqqlc i = }lyales hd }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kec31 }lyales hd `hclykslq% Sjks fltlf hd coqfobl chlq ehs lzslec sh hsjly ^lqslye flkclyq%

Dhy lzk`}fl& coqfobl hd Gka{|lq Ajoyka oq qoneodoakesf fh~ly7 1? }lyales k`hen sjl}hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kec 93 }lyales k`hen `hclykslq%

Qo`ofkyf& :; }lyales hd sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kec 4> }lyales hd `hclykslq clqayoilsjl \eoslc Qskslq kq knnylqqotl& ~jofl dl~ qll Dykeal *> }lyales hd `hclykslq kec ?

}lyales hd }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc/ hy Nly`ke *: }lyales hd `hclykslq kec ? }lyales hd

}hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc/ kq knnylqqotl% Ke kayhqq-sjlihkyc ifoec jksylc hd ^lqslye a|fs|yli sjhql ~jh kyl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc oq ehs yldflaslc oe sjoq ~hyfc~ocl cksk%

]YH@HSOHE HD CL@HAYKA_8

^jofl sjl q}ylkc hd cl`hayka jkq ille sjl qskslc nhkf hd sjl \eoslc Qskslq& `kghyosolq oe

toys|kff ltly }ylch`oekesf @|qfo` eksohe q|ytllc oe 9==< ch|islc sjks sjl \eoslcQskslq oq qlyoh|q kih|s sjl lqskifoqj`les hd cl`hayksoa qqsl`q oe sjl ylnohe7

' Hef 93 }lyales oe Ln}s kec Ghycke kec ;4 }lyales oe S|ybl knyll sjks sjl \eoslcQskslq oq qlyoh|q kih|s lqskifoqjoen cl`hayksoa qqsl`q%

' Sjl fkynlqs nyh|}q oe knyll`les kyl oe Flikehe *1: }lyales/ kec Oechelqok *3: }lyales/

i|s ltle sjlyl&


18/23

ylnohe& kf`hqs sjyll-dh|ysjq *>9 }lyales/ hd sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc coqknyll%

Kq `lesohelc oe sjl coqa|qqohe kih|s cl`hayksoa lzal}sohekf oq`& `ke @|qfo`q ajkynl

sjks sjl \eoslc Qskslq kec sjl ^lqs oe nlelykf jktl k ch|ifl qskeckyc ~jle os ah`lq shsjl }yh`hsohe hd cl`hayka kec j|`ke yonjsq oe sjl Kyki(@|qfo` ~hyfc% Elkyf s~h-

sjoycq *41 }lyales/ hd sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc coqknyll sjks sjl \eoslc Qskslq ~off kffh~

}lh}fl oe sjl ylnohe sh )dkqjohe sjloy h~e }hfosoakf d|s|yl kq sjl qll dos ~osjh|s coylas\%Q% oedf|leal&) ah`}kylc ~osj 3: }lyales hd `hclykslq%

Sjl o`}kas hd sjks }lyal}sohe oq aflky ~jle hel aheqoclyq sjks Nkff|} kfqh dh|ec sjks =q& ylfonohe kec a|fs|yl jktl yl`koelc `kghy dhyalq oe @|qfo`}hfosoaq kec qhaols%

Oqq|lq hd ylfonoh|q oclesos kyl tly o`}hyskes sh ihsj sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kec

`hclykslq% Sjl |q|kf ylq}heql sh ~jks sjl kc`oyl `hqs kih|s sjl`qlftlq ~kq)dkosjd|felqq sh sjloy ylfonoh|q ilfoldq%) Sjl qsksl`les sjl `hqs afhqlf kqqhaoksl ~osj

Kyki(@|qfo` eksoheq oq )ksskaj`les sh sjloy q}oyos|kf kec `hykf tkf|lq oq ayosoakf sh sjloy}yhnylqq%) I|s& ~jks coqsoen|oqjlq sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc dyh` `hclykslq oq sjloy


19/23

nylksly l`}jkqoq he sjloy q}oyos|kf kec `hykf tkf|lq%

' Oe ahesykqs sh flqq sjke jkfd *33 }lyales/ hd sjl `hclyksl nyh|}& d|ff s~hsjoycq hd sjl

}hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc notl sh} }yohyos sh jhfcoen he sh sjloy q}oyos|kf kec `hykf tkf|lq kqqh`lsjoen sjks oq ayosoakf sh sjloy }yhnylqq%

' Sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kfqh& oe qoneodoakesf jonjly }lyalesknlq& l`}jkqowl}ylqlytksohe hd sjloy a|fs|yl sykcosoheq kec }yoeao}flq kq ~lff kq sjloy jhf }fkalq kec

Oqfkòa tkf|lq kq kcòykifl {|kfosolq hd sjl @|qfo` ~hyfc%

Ylq}heqlq sh }hff {|lqsoheq kfqh yltlkf sjl ilfold sjks @|qfo`q. Oqfkòa jlyosknl& ~joaj oqayosoakf sh sjloy }yhnylqq& oq kfqh }lyalotlc sh il oe ckenly hd iloen ~lkblelc i sjl

^lqs.q cleonyksohe hd Oqfk` kec }lyal}sohe hd Kykiq kec @|qfo`q kq oedlyohy% Hef ;9}lyales hd sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kec ;4 }lyales hd `hclykslq kqqhaoksl )ylq}lasoen

Oqfkòa tkf|lq) ~osj ^lqslye eksoheq% Dhy ihsj nyh|}q& sjl ^lqs.q )coqylq}las dhy Oqfk`)ykebq jonj he sjl foqs hd ~jks sjl `hqs ylqles%

Sjlyldhyl& kq hel ònjs lz}las& ~jle kqblc ~jks sjl Kyki(@|qfo` ~hyfc ah|fc ch sho`}yhtl ylfksoheq ~osj ^lqslye qhaolsolq& sjl sh} ylq}heql dyh` sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc

~kq )o`}yhtl sjl }ylqlesksohe hd Oqfk` sh sjl ^lqs& }ylqles Oqfkòa tkf|lq oe k }hqosotl`keely%)

SJL ^KY KNKOEQS OQFK@

@ke @|qfo`q qll sjl f|yl hd ^lqslye }h} a|fs|yl oe cylqq& sjl Oeslyels kec ^lqslye`lcok% Lonjs }lyales hd sjlkslyq oe @|qfo` ah|esyolq qjh~ Jhff~hhc dof`q& kaahycoen

sh k ylales qs|c i sjl \%Q% Ah|eaof he Dhylone Ylfksoheq% Sjl Nkff|} ^hyfc ]hff dh|ecsjks kih|s jkfd hd ihsj sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kec `hclykslq kqqhaoksl )}yhc|aoen

leghkifl dof`q kec `|qoa) ~osj sjl ^lqs%

^jofl `ke kyl kssykaslc& `ke hsjlyq *ehs |efobl `ke aheqlytksotl Ajyoqsokeq kec

`lìlyq hd sjl Ajyoqsoke yonjs/ kyl yl}|fqlc% Sjl }lyalotl ^lqslye qhaolsolq'

}lyòqqotlelqq kq ke kqqk|fs he sykcosohekf ylfonoh|q kec a|fs|ykf tkf|lq% Sjl dlky sjlqsyhen k}}lkf hd ^lqslye `|qoa& `htolq kec ST }yhnyk`q& lq}laokff k`hen sjl h|enlynlelyksohe% Sjl qsylensj hd sjoq sjylks oq lejkealc i k }ylchòekes dllfoen sjks k qla|fky

kec }h~lyd|f ^lqs sjks chlq ehs qjkyl osq tkf|lq oq htly~jlfòen sjl @|qfo` ~hyfc%^jle kqblc sjl h}le-leclc {|lqsohe& )Oe h|y h~e ~hycq& ~jks ch h| ylqles `hqs

kih|s sjl ^lqs8) sjl `hqs dyl{|les ylq}heql kayhqq kff ah|esyolq dhy ihsj `hclykslq *39}lyales/ kec sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc *Qf }lyales/ ~kq )qlz|kf kec a|fs|ykf

}yhòqa|os&) dhffh~lc i )lsjoakf kec `hykf ahyy|}sohe) kec )jksylc hd @|qfo`q%)

Kehsjly qh|yal hd ylqles`les ah`lq dyh` sjl cl}oasohe hd @|qfo`q oe ^lqslye `lcok% K

q|ytl i Gkab Qjkjlle oe joq ihhb& Yllf Ikc Kykiq7 Jh~ Jhff~hhc Tofodolq k ]lh}fl'dh|ec sjks sjl tkqs `kghyos hd Kyki ajkykaslyq oe ?== K`lyoake dof`q ~lyl h|syonjs ykaoqs

akyoaks|ylq% O`knlq hd hycoeky @|qfo`q kec @|qfo` a|fs|ylq oe k ^lqslye `kqq `lcoksjks oq coqsyoi|slc nfhikff kyl kf`hqs ehe-lzoqsles hy coqshyslc% @hylhtly& ^lqslye ST}yhnyk`q kec dof`q sjks kyl `hqs }h}|fky oe sjl @|qfo` ~hyfc leah|yknl k q|}lydoaokf

l`|fksohe hd ^lqslye dkqjoheq& }lyqhekfosolq kec tkf|lq% Ehskif& k qoneodoakesf nylksly}yh}hysohe hd }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc sjke `hclykslq aosl ^lqslye a|fs|ykf }lelsyksohe&

^lqslye o``hykfos kec `hykf ahyy|}sohe kq sjl sh} ylkqheq dhy ylqles`les%

@hyl oedhy`lc kih|s oeslyeksohekf }hfosoaq kec ah`òsslc sh }yhslasoen a|fs|ykf tkf|lq


20/23

ellclc dhy ylel~kf kec yldhy`& sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kyl dky `hyl oesleql oe sjloyilfold sjks ^lqslye }hfosoakf& òfosky kec a|fs|ykf chòeksohe oq k `kghy sjylks% ^jle

kqblc sh cldoel sjloy nylkslqs dlkyq kih|s sjl d|s|yl hd sjloy ah|esy& sjl }hfosoakffykcoakfowlc `hqs dyl{|lesf aosl oeslydlyleal oe sjloy oeslyekf kddkoyq i hsjly ah|esyolq&

eksohekf qla|yos& ahfheowksohe& oesy|qohe& haa|}ksohe& `keo}|fksohe& sjl dlky sjks )ònjs oq

yonjs&) kec \%Q% chòekeal% Oe ahesykqs& `hclykslq ykeb lahehòa }yhifl`q kq sjloy sh}ahealye%

Sjl kfoleksohe dyh` sjl ^lqs sjks sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc dllf `hyl oesleqlf oq kfqh

qjh~e i sjl fkynly }lyalesknl *3= }lyales tlyq|q 9= }lyales hd `hclykslq/ ~jh sjoebsjks ^lqslye qhaolsolq ch ehs qjh~ ke ahealye dhy ilssly ahlzoqsleal ~osj sjl Kyki-

@|qfo` ~hyfc% Sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc *1> }lyales tlyq|q 9= }lyales hd `hclykslq/kfqh dllf `hyl oesleqlf sjks sjl so`l dhy k ilssly |eclyqskecoen ils~lle sjl ^lqs kec sjl

Kyki(@|qfo` ~hyfc }yhikif ~off eltly ah`l%

Ltle `hyl qs|eeoen& i|s aheqoqsles ~osj sjloy ylq}heqlq sh hsjly {|lqsoheq& oq sjl lzsles

hd ykcoakfq. ah`òs`les% D|ff jkfd qkoc sjks ~offoenelqq sh )notl hel.q fodl dhy k ak|ql& shdonjs knkoeqs oeg|qsoal) oq )ah`}flslf g|qsodokifl%) Sjoq ahesykqsq ~osj hef ;: }lyales hd

`hclykslq ~jh lz}ylqq sjks tol~%

Kfsjh|nj ihsj nyh|}q kyl ahealyelc kih|s iokq kec ^lqslye }hfosoakf oeslydlyleal oe sjloykddkoyq& sjl nylksly oesleqos kec dlky lz}ylqqlc i sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc }ylcoq}hql

sjl` sh jktl k `hyl q`}ksjlsoa lky dhy slyyhyoqsq od sjloy nyoltkealq kyl ehs kccylqqlc%

^JKS CYOTLQ YKCOAKFOQ@8

K }yo`ky akskfqs dhy ykcoakfoq`& hdsle qlle kq oeql}kykifl dyh` sjl sjylks sh @|qfo`ylfonoh|q kec a|fs|ykf oclesos& oq sjl sjylks hd }hfosoakf chòeksohe kec haa|}ksohe% Sjl

oesly}fk hd sjl }hfosoakf kec ylfonoh|q oq qsyhenf yldflaslc oe ykcoakf kec `hclykslylq}heqlq sh h}le-leclc {|lqsoheq fobl& )^jks ake sjl ^lqs ch sh o`}yhtl ylfksoheq ~osj

sjl @|qfo` ^hyfc8) kec )^jks oq sjl `hqs o`}hyskes sjoen sjl \eoslc Qskslq ah|fc ch sh

o`}yhtl sjl {|kfos hd fodl hd }lh}fl fobl h| oe sjoq ah|esy8) Notle ~jks sjl kcòylkih|s sjl`qlftlq kec ylqles kih|s sjl ^lqs& keq~lyq sh sjlql {|lqsoheq }koes k aheqoqsles}oas|yl7

' Yldflasoen sjl o`}hyskeal hd Oqfk`& sjl `hqs dyl{|les ylq}heql notle i ihsj nyh|}q

~kq sjoq7 jktoen `hyl ylq}las& aheqoclyksohe kec |eclyqskecoen hd Oqfk` kq k ylfonohe2 ehs|eclylqso`ksoen sjl qsks|q hd Kyki(@|qfo` ah|esyolq2 kec iloen dkoy kec flqq }ylg|coalc%

' Yldflasoen sjl }yohyos sjl notl sh cl`hayka& sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc notl l{|kfo`}hyskeal sh sjl ellc dhy }hfosoakf oecl}lecleal% Sjloy ylq}heqlq oeaf|cl sjlql7 qsh}

`lccfoen oe h|y oeslyekf kddkoyq& ahfheowoen |q& kec ahesyhffoen eks|ykf ylqh|yalq%

Sjl jlonjslelc qleql hd sjl ^lqs.q sjylks sh }hfosoakf dyllch` kec sh Oqfkòa oclesos jkq

yloedhyalc sjl clqoyl dhy Qjkyok& hy Oqfkòa fk~% Ylah|yql sh sjl Qjkyok& sjl if|l}yoes dhyke Oqfkòa qhaols& }yhtoclq k ales|yolq-hfc }kykcon`% Sj|q& jh~ltly coddlyles keccotlyql @|qfo` }h}|fksoheq `k il& dhy `ke Qjkyok oq alesykf sh dkosj kec oclesos%

^jofl ihsj `hclykslq *:1 }lyales/ kec sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc *?; }lyales/ ~kesQjkyok kq k qh|yal hd fk~& k qoneodoakesf jonjly }lyalesknl hd sjl ykcoakfowlc *


21/23

Oqfkòa fk~7 sh aylksl k y|fl hd fk~ kq k qjolfc knkoeqs sjl }h~ly hd sjl akfo}j hy q|fske%Kq Yoajkyc I|ffols oe Sjl akql dhy Oqfk`h-Ajyoqsoke Aotofowksohe ehslq7

Kff sjks ylqsykoelc y|flyq dyh` kasoen kq sykesq ~kq Oqfkòa fk~& qjkyok% Qoeal sjl sk~ ~kqikqlc he cotoel yksjly sjle j|`ke }yoeao}flq& eh y|fly ah|fc ajkenl os sh qlytl joq h~e

oeslylqsq%3

Shck& nylksly oeslylqs i sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc oe sjl o`}fl`lesksohe hd Oqfkòa fk~

yldflasq sjloy clqoyl sh foòs sjl }h~ly hd y|flyq kec ylno`lq sjks sjl ylnkyc kqk|sjhyoskyoke& )|e-Oqfkòa) kec ahyy|}s%

Sjoq oq ehs k akff dhy sjlhayka& jh~ltly% ^jle kqblc sh ~jks lzsles sjl ~keslc

ylfonoh|q flkclyq oethftlc oe }|ifoa fodl *qla|fky dkòf fk~& a|yyoa|fk oe qajhhfq& cykdsoenel~ fk~q hy k aheqsos|sohe& claocoen ~jh `k y|e dhy hddoal hy jh~ ~h`le `k cylqq oe

}|ifoa& hy clslyòeoen sjloy ah|esy.q dhylone }hfoa/& `kghyosolq hd ihsj sjl }hfosoakffykcoakfowlc kec `hclykslq ch ehs ~kes ylfonoh|q flkclyq sh il coylasf oe ajkynl%

Eltlysjlflqq& sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kyl `hyl foblf sh ~kes ylfonoh|q flkclyq sh }fkke )kctoqhy) yhfl& aheqoqsles ~osj sjl |fl`kq. sykcosohekf yhfl kq kctoqlyq sh y|flyq%

Hel hd sjl `hqs o`}hyskes oeqonjsq }yhtoclc i Nkff|}.q cksk oq sjks sjl oqq|lq sjks cyotlsjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kyl kfqh oqq|lq dhy `hclykslq% Sjl ayosoakf coddlyleal ils~lle

sjlql s~h h|sfhhbq oq hel hd }yohyos& oesleqos hd dllfoen& clnyll hd }hfosoaowksohe keckfoleksohe% Sjoq kaah|esq dhy bl coddlylealq oe sjl jh}lq hd lkaj nyh|}7

' ^jle kqblc kih|s sjloy cylk`q dhy sjl d|s|yl hd sjloy ah|esy& `kghyosolq hd ihsj`hclykslq kec sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc aosl o`}yhtlc lahehòa ahecosoheq& dhffh~lc i

nylksly qla|yos kec ke lec sh aotof sleqoheq%

' ^jofl `hclykslq sjle dha|q he o`}yhtl`lesq oe lc|aksohekf qqsl`q& sjl }hfosoakffykcoakfowlc notl jonjly }yohyos sh }yh`hsoen cl`hayksoa oclkfq kec dyllch` hd q}llaj&

lejkeaoen sjloy ah|esy.q oeslyeksohekf qsks|q& lkyeoen `hyl ylq}las& kec }fkoen `hyl

o`}hyskes ylnohekf kec oeslyeksohekf yhflq%@hclykslq kec sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc coddly `hyl ~oclf oe lz}ylqqoen sjloy nylkslqsdlkyq kih|s sjloy ah|esy.q d|s|yl% @hclykslq. sh} ahealye dha|qlq he lahehòa }yhifl`q7

oedfksohe& qskneksohe& sjl jonj ahqs hd fotoen& k clafoel oe sjl tkf|l hd sjloy a|yylea& kecke oeaylkql hd skzlq kec dhylone clis% Sjoq oq dhffh~lc i ayo`l& kqqkqqoeksoheq kec

|eahesyhfflc qla|yos qos|ksoheq%

@lke~jofl& sjl sh} dlky hd sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc oq eksohekf qla|yos7 oeslydlyleal oe

oeslyekf kddkoyq i hsjly }h~lyq% Ahealyeq oeaf|cl ahfheowksohe& lahehòa chòekeal&haa|}ksohe& sjl dlky sjks ònjs `kblq yonjs& kec \%Q% chòekeal& dhffh~lc i hsjly

}hfosoakf oqq|lq7 aotof ~ky& oeslyekf ahedfoas& coq|eos& qlaskyokeoq` kec ylnohekf ~kyq%

COKNEHQOQ HY @OQCOKNEHQOQ8Coknehqoen slyyhyoq` kq k q`}sh` kec Oqfk` kq sjl }yhifl`& sjh|nj }h}|fky oe qh`l

aoyaflq& oq dfk~lc kec jkq qlyoh|q yoqbq ~osj ckenlyh|q yl}lya|qqoheq% Os ahedoy`q ykcoakfilfoldq kec dlkyq& kfolekslq sjl `hclyksl @|qfo` `kghyos& kec yloedhyalq sjl oclk sjks sjl

~ky knkoeqs nfhikf slyyhyoq` oq ylkff k ~ky knkoeqs Oqfk`% ^jlsjly hel oq ykcoakf hy`hclyksl& sjoq elnksotl kssos|cl oq k ~oclq}ylkc }lyal}sohe% Sjl }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kyl

ehs aykwlc f|eksoaq ak|njs |} oe ke off|qohe sjks oq ehs qjkylc i sjl tkqs `kghyos% Yksjly&sjl kyl coqsoen|oqjlc i k nylksly )clnyll hd k~kylelqq&) flkcoen sh `hyl oesleql


22/23

kfoleksohe& }hfosoaowksohe kec k cll}ly ah`òs`les sh qkayodoal kec skboen kasohe sh aylkslajkenl%

K`lyoakeq& fobl sjl tkqs `hclyksl `kghyos oe sjl @|qfo` ~hyfc& qjkyl k d|eck`leskfktlyqohe sh lzsylòq`% Kqblc ~jks sjl kcòyl flkqs kih|s sjl @|qfo` ~hyfc& K`lyoakeq

qkoc htly~jlfòenf& )lzsylòq`(ykcoakfoq`(ehs h}le sh hsjlyq. oclkq%) Fobl~oql& ~jle

kqblc ~jks sjl kcòylc flkqs kih|s sjloy h~e qhaolsolq& @|qfo`q. sh} ahealyeq oeaf|clclzsylòq` kec slyyhyoq`% Sjoq qjh|fc ehs il q|y}yoqoen& notle sjks sjl }yo`ky toaso`q hd@|qfo` lzsylòq` kec slyyhyoq` jktl ille @|qfo` qhaolsolq% Sjl )slyyhyoqs dyoenl&) dky

dyh` iloen nfhyodolc& oq ylglaslc i aosowleq hd }ylchòekesf @|qfo` ah|esyolq& g|qs kq osoq i aosowleq oe sjl \eoslc Qskslq%

K`lyoakeq kec @|qfo`q sjyh|njh|s sjl ~hyfc jktl ks flkqs s~h sjoenq oe ah``he7 k}ylchòekesf |edkthykifl h}oeohe hd Nlhynl ^% I|qj kec k d|eck`leskf ktlyqohe sh

lzsylòq` kec slyyhyoq`% Sjoq k`h|es hd knyll`les ils~lle @|qfo`q kec K`lyoakeq&}f|q sjl dkas sjks kih|s ? h|s hd ;= @|qfo`q kyl `hclykslq& oq sjl nhhc el~q dhy sjhql

h}soòqsoa kih|s Oqfkòa ahlzoqsleal ~osj sjl ylqs hd sjl ~hyfc% I|s sjl ikc el~q oq sjllehy`h|q coddlyleal oe }lyal}soheq ils~lle @|qfo`q kec ^lqslyelyq& kq ~lff kq sjl tkqs

e|ìly hd }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc @|qfo`q ~jh ah|fc il }|qjlc sh q|}}hys hy }ly}lsyksltohfleal knkoeqs aotofokeq%

Jh~ ikc oq os8 @kghyosolq hd @|qfo`q - ihsj }hfosoakff ykcoakfowlc kec `hclykslq - qk

sjl beh~ kec kcòyl sjl ^lqs.q slajehfhn& dyllch` hd q}llaj& kec tkf|l qqsl` hdjkyc ~hyb% @lke~jofl& K`lyoakeq kqblc ~jks sjl beh~ kih|s @|qfo q }ylchòekesf

hddly s~h ylq}heqlq2 )Ehsjoen) kec )O che.s beh~%)

Sjlyl kyl ;%1 ioffohe @|qfo`q shck ~hyfc~ocl% Od sjl > }lyales *?; òffohe/ ~jh kyl

ykcoakfowlc ahesoe|l sh dllf }hfosoakff chòekslc& haa|}olc kec coqylq}laslc& sjl ^lqs.qh}}hys|eos sh kccylqq sjlql cyotlyq hd lzsylòq` ~off il kq nylks kq sjl ajkfflenl hd

q|aallcoen%

RYldlylealP

; Qkkc Lccoe Oiykjo`& )Ln}s.q Oqfkòa @ofoskesq&) @LYO] Yl}hysq& ;=1 *Dliy|ky

;?:9/7 }% ;;% Qll kfqh Qkkc Lccoe Oiykjo`& )Oqfkòa @ofoskea kq Qhaokf @htl`les&) oeKJ L% Joffkf Clqqh|bo& lc%& Oqfkòa Ylq|ynleal oe sjl Kyki ^hyfc *]yklnly& ;::9/& }}%

;9:-1;& kec L``ke|lf Qotke% Ykcoakf Oqfk` *_kfl \eotlyqos ]ylqq& ;??=/& }}% ;;:-;?%

9 Dyh` k qsksl`les i @kyb G|lynleq`lly ks sjl Oeslyeksohekf Q|`òs he Cl`hayka&

Slyyhyoq & kec qla|yos& @kyaj :-;;& 9==4& @kcyoc& Q}koe%

1 Yhilys ]k}l& Sjl Fhnoa hd Q|oaocl Slyyhyoq`7 Os.q sjl Haa|}ksohe& Ehs sjl

D|eck`leskfoq` *Ykech` Jh|ql& 9==


23/23

Ghje F% Lq}hqosh& Ckfok @hnkjlc

Cy% Lq}hqosh oq \eotlyqos ]yhdlqqhy hd Ylfonohe $ Oeslyeksohekf Kddkoyq kec coylashy hd

sjl ]yoeal Kf~kfllc Ioe Skfkf Alesly dhy @|qfo`-Ajyoqsoke \eclyqskecoen ksNlhynlsh~e \eotlyqos% @q% @hnkjlc oq k Nkff|} qsykslnoa kekfqs kec lzla|sotl coylashy

hd Nkff|} @|qfo` Qs|colq% Sjloy dhysjah`oen ihhb& )^jh Q}lkbq dhy Oqfk`8 Foqsleoen shsjl Thoalq hd k Ioffohe @|qfo`q&) oq qajlc|flc dhy }|ifoaksohe oe 9==>%

terrorism in islam and the rise of islamic phobia: how it may impact human relations

Documents