TERRITORY• States cannot exist without

territory• Territorial Morphology –

geographers study the size, shape and relative location of states?

• How does the size and shape of a state give advantages or disadvantages?

• 5 types of territorial morphologies

Most modern-day boundaries were drawn by whom?

COMPACTWhat are the advantages &

disadvantages?

FRAGMENTEDWhat are the advantages &

disadvantages?

ELONGATEDWhat are the advantages &

disadvantages?

PRORUPT or PROTRUDED

What are the advantages & disadvantages?

PERFORATEDWhat are the advantages &

disadvantages?

What territorial territorial morphology morphology is

ITAALY?

EXCLAVES & ENCLAVES

•Exclave – bounded (non-island) piece of territory that is part of a state but lies separated from it by territory of another state.

•Enclave – piece of territory that is surrounded by another political unit of which it is not a part (landlocked within the country which surrounds them.

EXCLAVE

ENCLAVE

‘Google’ Azerbaijan and Armenia maps and look

what you get…

Talk about a strangely shaped

states...

Shape is not a constant for political/economic stability or instability

Resource rich…but with many problems

Very few natural resources…but wealthy

and stable

LANDLOCKEDCOUNTRIES

• Isolation• At the mercy of neighbors• Need communication linkages

(highways, airports, rivers, etc.)• Have formed alliances with other

countries to lessen isolation• Only LIECHTENSTEIN & UZBEKISTAN

are both landlocked and surrounded by landlocked countries.

                                                                                                                      

BOUNDARIES• Obviously mark the land surface (Refer to pp. 242-244 in your

text).• But, they also extend into

airspace and the ground• What about natural resources?• What about air traffic?• What about sea traffic?

SETTING BOUNDARIES

Stage One• DEFINITION – exact location

established through legal agreement, treaty, etc. Can describe terrain feature or be measured by longitude and latitude.

SETTING BOUNDARIES

Stage Two

•DELIMITATION – putting the boundary on a map officially.

SETTING BOUNDARIESStage Three

• DEMARCATION – The final stage. Marking a boundary with fences, walls, posts, pillars, or other markers. Most of the world’s boundaries are not demarcated.

Four Types of Boundary Disputes

• Definitional – center on legal issues

• Locational – definitions not disputed – the interpretation is

• Operational – parties differ on how boundary should function (how migration should occur)

• Allocational – conflict over “stuff” – oil, gas, seafloor riches, water

Former Yugoslavia - p. 212http://www.montenet.org/home/yugoslav.jpg

FEDERAL STATES• A political-territorial system in which a central government represents the various entities (states, provinces, cantons) within a country (most often a nation-state) where they have common interests(defense, foreign affairs...)but allows the various entities to retain their own identities and to have their own laws, policies & customswithin designated spheres.

UNITARY STATES

• Nation-states having a strong centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state.

Unitary States of the World in blue – Federal States in gray

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Unitary_states.png

ADDENDUM:

ITEMS OF INTEREST?

Where do they fit?

EuropeanMicrostatesMap

KURDISTAN – A Stateless Nation of People (in the mountains of Turkey, Iraq &Iran)

KURDS

SEALAND – a country? principality?