Terrestrial Plant Anatomy Plants moved from water to land but there were challenges along the way Challenge Adaptation Getting water and minerals into the plant Roots Fibrous root Taproot Major Functions of Absorption Transport of materials Storage of materials Anchorage Challenge Adaptation Getting water and minerals into the plant Roots Terrestrial Plant Adaptations Moving water and food within the plant Vascular tissue Found in roots, stems and leaves of vascular plants Vascular tissue Cohesion Water sticks to water Adhesion Water sticks to other molecules Transpiration Water loss from a plant leaf Bundles are found in roots, stems and leaves of vascular plants Vascular tissue 2 main types of vascular plants Gymnosperms cone bearing plants Pine trees and fir trees Angiosperms flowering plants Any tree, bush or plant that produces a flower Challenge Adaptation Getting water and minerals into the plant Roots Terrestrial Plant Adaptations Moving water and food within the plant Vascular tissue Plant body supportVascular tissue MERISTEMS Regions of cell tips of plant PRIMARY GROWTH - growth in length of plant SECONDARY GROWTH - Growth in thickness of plant Major Functions of Support Transport Storage Challenge Adaptation Terrestrial Plant Adaptations Getting sunlight for photosynthesisLeaves Challenge Adaptation Terrestrial Plant Adaptations Getting sunlight for photosynthesisLeaves Getting gas for photosynthesis and cellular respiration Stomata Challenge Adaptation Terrestrial Plant Adaptations Getting sunlight for photosynthesisLeaves Getting gas for photosynthesis and cellular respiration Stomata Preventing evaporation from plant surface Cuticle Thin & Flat (SA/vol ratio) Take in sunlight & CO 2 Cuticle waxy layer Prevent H 2 O loss STOMATA pore. H 2 O & O 2 exit. GUARD CELLS open & close Transpiration Loss of H 2 O by plant > 90% of H 2 O is lost Through stomata Challenge Adaptation Terrestrial Plant Adaptations Coordinating growth patterns and environmental response Hormones Getting sperm to egg without water Pollen Challenge Adaptation Terrestrial Plant Adaptations Coordinating growth patterns and environmental response Hormones Getting sperm to egg without water Pollen Dispersing new individuals to suitable locations Airborne spores then seeds Female Parts Carpel Stigma Style Ovary Male Parts Anther Stamen Filament