terms of reference
DESCRIPTION
TERMS OF REFERENCE. If you speak Spanish, you may find the following mnemonics useful: Rostral (rostro means face); Ventral (vientre means tummy); Caudal (cola means butt). TERMS OF REFERENCE. Terms of Reference. Like a loaf of bread. Like a hamburger (horizon). Like an apple. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: TERMS OF REFERENCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813c49550346895da5c5ab/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TERMS OF REFERENCE
If you speak Spanish, you may find the following mnemonics useful:Rostral (rostro means face); Ventral (vientre means tummy);Caudal (cola means butt)
![Page 2: TERMS OF REFERENCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813c49550346895da5c5ab/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Terms of Reference
TERMS OF REFERENCE
![Page 3: TERMS OF REFERENCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813c49550346895da5c5ab/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Like an apple
Like a loaf of bread
Like a hamburger(horizon)
![Page 4: TERMS OF REFERENCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813c49550346895da5c5ab/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Central Sulcus
Lateral Fissure
LATERAL VIEW
![Page 5: TERMS OF REFERENCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813c49550346895da5c5ab/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
8. Ventrolateral frontal cortex (aka lateral orbitofrontal cortex)10. Lateral fissure, superior temporal gyrus, 13. Amygdala lies below the cortex 5 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
_________ VIEW
![Page 6: TERMS OF REFERENCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813c49550346895da5c5ab/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
DORSAL VIEW
![Page 7: TERMS OF REFERENCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813c49550346895da5c5ab/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
VENTRAL VIEW
![Page 8: TERMS OF REFERENCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813c49550346895da5c5ab/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
_Ventral__ VIEW
Locate:Orbitofrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortexTemporal pole
![Page 9: TERMS OF REFERENCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813c49550346895da5c5ab/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: TERMS OF REFERENCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813c49550346895da5c5ab/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Localize: Anterior Cingulate gyruscorpus callosum, Ventro medial prefrontal cortex, midfrontal cortex
![Page 11: TERMS OF REFERENCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813c49550346895da5c5ab/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Amygdala, Coronal view
![Page 12: TERMS OF REFERENCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813c49550346895da5c5ab/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Amygdala, horizontal cut, dissection
![Page 13: TERMS OF REFERENCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813c49550346895da5c5ab/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
TheReward
System:
Activities of survival (sex, feed) activate the reward system
Drugs of abuse similarly activate the reward system
Dopamine
Dopamine
Electrical stimulation of the reward system is also addictive
![Page 14: TERMS OF REFERENCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813c49550346895da5c5ab/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Electrical intracranial self-stimulation
Olds & Milner (1954)
The mind is its own place, and in itself, can make heaven of Hell, and a hell of Heaven.
(Satan, in John Milton’s Paradise Lost, book 1, ll. 254–5)Quoted by R. Cardinal
VTAn. accumbens
stimulation
dopamine
![Page 15: TERMS OF REFERENCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813c49550346895da5c5ab/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Neuroimaging of face, bird and car experts
“Face Experts”
FusiformGyrus
FusiformGyrus
CarExperts
BirdExperts
FusiformGyrus
Gauthier et al., 2000
Cars-Objects Birds-Objects
![Page 16: TERMS OF REFERENCE](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56813c49550346895da5c5ab/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ControlGroup
AutismGroup
Hypoactivation of fusiform face area Schultz, et al. 2000
Faces
FusiformGyrus
FusiformGyrus
Children with autism as face “novices”