termodinamika part 1
DESCRIPTION
penjelasan mengenai hukum termodinamikaTRANSCRIPT
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the perfect gasLearning the basic concept of thermodynamic
from properties of the perfect gas
febdian RUSYDI, 2015
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Phases of object
PLASMA
http://diary.febdian.net/2009/06/27/wujud-zat-kelima/
The 5th phase (Nature, 2009-Jun-25)
The simplest phase to study physically.
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What the perfect gas is
๐๐ = ๐๐๐(kinetic theory of gas)
absolute pressure
absolute volume
Number of molecules
Boltzmann constant
temperature
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five basic concepts
1) System and surrounding
2) State and equation of state
3) Equilibrium: mechanical
4) Equilibrium: thermal
5) Path of phase change
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1st concept:
system & surroundingboundary
surrounding
open system
closed system
isolated system
mass energy
โ โ
โ
(๐, ๐ธ)
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2nd concept:
state & equation of state
Defined by a set of
physical quantities,
extensive
intensive
๐ = ๐ ๐, ๐, ๐these quantities are related one to another.
You only need ๐ and another two quantities
to determine everything else.
At certain values = at certain state.
Change any value = change state.
๐, ๐,๐, ๐, โฆ
๐, ๐,๐
๐โก ๐,โฆ
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2nd concept:
state & equation of state
Defined by a set of
physical quantities,
๐, ๐,๐, ๐, โฆ
๐, ๐,๐
๐โก ๐,โฆ
extensive
intensive
๐ = ๐ ๐, ๐, ๐these quantities are related one to another.
You only need ๐ and another two quantities
to determine everything else.
At certain values = at certain state.
Change any value = change state.
System must be in equilibrium.
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3rd concept:
mechanical equilibrium
๐A ๐B ๐0 ๐0
timeinitial final
๐A > ๐B
Learn how barometer work!
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4th concept:
thermal equilibrium
A
B
If no heat transfer from A to B, or vice versa,
then A and B are in thermal equilibrium.
If A and B are in thermal equilibrium
then A and B are in the same temperature.
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0th law of thermodynamics
A
B
C
If A and B are in thermal equilibrium
and B and C are in thermal equilibrium,
then A and C are in thermal equilibrium.
If ๐A = ๐Band ๐B = ๐C,
then ๐A = ๐C.
Thermometer
concept born
from this law!
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thermometer
H2O
mercury
( liq. )
C
0 100
melting
point
boiling
point
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thermometer
H2O
mercury
( liq. )
C
0 100
melting
point
boiling
point
70
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Temperature scale
๐น โ 32
212 โ ๐น=
๐ถ โ 0
100 โ ๐ถ=
๐พ โ 273.15
373.15 โ ๐พ
(interpolation and extrapolation)
Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin
value?
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5th concept:
path of state change
๐
๐ initial
final
Isobaric
Isothermic
Isovolumic
Adiabatic
Reversible
Irreversible
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What we have been discussed
Five basic concepts of thermodynamics from the ideal gas:
1. System, surrounding, and boundary.
2. State and equation of state.
3. Mechanical equilibrium.
4. Thermal equilibrium 0th law temperature and thermometer.
5. Path of state change.
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example: ideal gas thermometerWhat we need to build a gas thermometer?
1. A substance.
2. Physical properties
3. Two reference points.
4. Interpolation to connect these two points.
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example: ideal gas thermometer
๐(๐)
๐0 100๐0
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PV, VT, and PT diagrams
๐๐ = const. V โ T P โ T
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PVTdiagramsurface
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example of PVT-surface usage
Possible states of gas
on the PVT-surface
Path of phase change
on the PVT-surface
1 2
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example of PVT-surface usage
3
Phase of substance
identification.
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Finally, Kelvin scale thermometer
๐(๐)
๐ (๐พ)273.16๐tp water
0.00absolute zero
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Not so ideal gas?