terminologÍa y ordenes al timÓn
TRANSCRIPT
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SHIP TERMINOLOGY
Bow
Stem
Forecastle
Hawsepipe
Weather
decks Draft
Freeboard
Superstructure
Pilothouse
Mast
Yardarm
Truck
Stack Keel
Shaft
Propeller
Rudder
Stern
Transom
Waterline
Shiphandling
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Turning Circle: The path described by a ships pivot point as it
executes a 360 turn.
Tactical Diameter (180)
Final Diameter (360)
Shiphandling: Terms
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Final Diameter
Turning Circle
Kick
Tactical Diameter
Shiphandling: Terms
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Advance
Distance gained toward the direction of the
original course after the rudder is put over.
Transfer
Distance gained perpendicular to the original
course after the rudder is put over.
Shiphandling: Terms
Advance and Transfer
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Advance & Transfer 90 Turn
Kick
AdvanceTransfer
Shiphandling: Terms
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Advance & Transfer 180 Turn
Kick
Advance
Transfer
Shiphandling: Terms
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Advance & Transfer 360 Turn
Kick
Advance
Transfer
Shiphandling: Terms
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Headway
moving forward thru the water
Sternway
moving backwards thru the water
Bare Steerageway
the minimum speed a ship can proceed and still
maintain course using the rudders
Shiphandling: Terms
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Mooring Lines
123456
Bow
Line
Stern
Line
Spring Lines
After Bow
Spring
Forward Bow
Spring
After Quarter
Spring
Forward Quarter
Spring
Shiphandling: Ground Tackle, Mooring Lines
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Mooring Lines
Lines
1-6
Lines 1 and 6 are thicker than others
Mooring procedure
fake out lines
safety brief
heaving lines
Shiphandling: Ground Tackle, Mooring Lines
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Mooring Lines
Terms:
Heaving Line
Tattletale
Fenders
Capstan
Rat Guards
Shiphandling: Ground Tackle, Mooring Lines
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Stand by lines Take in the slack
Take a strain
Heave around
Avast heaving
Hold
Check
Double up
Single up
Take in
Slack Ease
Take to the capstain
Sequence:
Commands:
Shiphandling: Ground Tackle, Mooring Lines
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Safety
Snap back zone
Tugs Pilots ladder
Shiphandling: Ground Tackle, Mooring Lines
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Deck and Pier Fittings
Shiphandling: Ground Tackle
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Conning Officer
Drives the ships heading and speed through
standard commands (orders) to the helm and
leehelm
Helm - controls the rudder
Leehelm - controls the propellers
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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Basic Format
Conning Officer
Command
Acknowledges Report
Helm / Leehelm
Verbatim Repeat back(Carries out command)
Report
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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HELM CONSOLE
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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ENGINE ORDER TELEGRAPH
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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Direction: Either left, right or Rudder
amidships
Amount: Expressed as a number of degrees
of rudder (10, 15, etc.), or one of the
following: (nominal values given)
Standard: 15
Full: 30
Hard: 35(maximum rudder angle)
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Course: >10 degree change
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COMMANDS TO THE HELM
Format Example
-Direction "Right. . ."
"Left. . ."
-Amount ". . standard rudder. . ."
". . .ten degrees rudder. . ."
-Course ". . .steady course two zero zero."
". . .steady on course one one five."
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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COMMANDS TO THE HELM
Exception: Course changes of 10 or less:
For small course changes, a specific rudder angle
is not given. This allows the Helm to use up to 10
of rudder to make the course change.
The standard command is:
Direction: Come right/left
Course to steer: Steer course ___
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shi h dli S d d C d
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OTHER HELM COMMANDS
Desired action: Increase or decrease rudder
angle from a previously ordered angle
Command:
Increase your rudder to ________
Ease your rudder to _______
Note: Anytime a new rudder angle isordered, a steering/steady course must be
repeated if it is desired.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shi h dli S d d C d
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OTHER HELM COMMANDS
Desired action: Change rudder angle to an
equal amount of rudder in the opposite
direction
Command: Shift your rudder
Note: Again, if desired, course to steer must
be repeated.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shi h dli St d d C d
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OTHER HELM COMMANDS
Desired action: Steady the ship on the
current heading
Command: Steady as she goes
When given, the Helm immediately determines
ships head at the instant of the command, and
steadies the ship on that course.
This should normally be given only with therudder at or near amidships.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shi h dli St d d C d
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OTHER HELM COMMANDS Desired action:
Determine currentships heading
Command: Mark your
head When given, the Helm
immediately determinesships head at the
instant of the command, and reports it to the
Conn.
Desired action:
Warn the Helm to
steer more exactly
Command: Mind
your helm
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shi h dli St d d C d
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HELM REPLY
Whenever an order to the Helm is given,
the Helm repeats the order back to the
Conn verbatim. This assures the conning officer that the
order was heard and understood correctly.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shi h dli St d d C d
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HELM REPLY
Examples:
The Conn orders: Right standard rudder,
steady course 260. The Helm replies: Right standard rudder,
steady course 260, aye.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandlin Standard Commands
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HELM REPLY
Order: Mark your head
Reply: Mark my head, aye. 283.
Order: Mind your helm
Reply: Mind my helm, aye.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling Standard Commands
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HELM REPLY
If the helm does not understand an order
from the Conn, the helm will reply:
Orders to the helm
The Conn should immediately check his/her
order and restate it clearly to the Helm.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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REPORT & ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Once a desired action is complete, the Helm
reports it to the Conn.
The Conn acknowledges all reports with Very
well
If the Conn does not acknowledge a report,
the Helm should repeat the report until
acknowledged.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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EXAMPLES
Order: Right standard rudder, steady course
298.
Reply: Right standard rudder, steady course298, aye.
Report: Sir, my rudder is right standard,
coming to new course 298.
Report: Sir, steady on course 298, checking
309.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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EXAMPLES
Order: Come left, steer course 345.
Reply: Come left, steer course 345, aye.
Report: Sir, my rudder is left 5, coming to
new course 345.
Report: Sir, steady on course 345, checking
352.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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EXAMPLES
Order: Right full rudder.
Reply: Right full rudder, aye.
Report: Sir, my rudder is right full, no new
course given.
Report: Passing 230 to the right.
Order: Belay your passing heads.
Reply: Belay my passing heads, aye.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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EXAMPLES
Order: Ease your rudder to right 15.
Reply: Ease my rudder to right 15, aye.
Report: Maam, my rudder is right 15, no
new course given.
Order: Steady course 143.
Reply: Steady course 143, aye.Report: Maam, my rudder is right 15,
coming to new course 143.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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EXAMPLES
Order: Hard left rudder.
Reply: Hard left rudder, aye.
Report: Sir, my rudder is left 35, no new
course given.
Order: Shift your rudder.
Reply: Shift my rudder, aye.
Report: Sir, my rudder is right 35, no new
course given.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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EXAMPLESOrder: Right full rudder.
Reply: Right full rudder, aye.
Report: Sir, my rudder is right 30, no new coursegiven.
Order: Rudder amidshipsReply: Rudder amidships, aye.
Report: Sir, my rudder is amidships, no new coursegiven.
Order: Steady as you go.Reply: Steady as you go, aye. Course 098.
Report: Steady on course 098, checking 107.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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ENGINE ORDERS
For fixed pitch propellers, ship speed is
dependent on shaft rpm only.
For controllable pitch propellers, ship speedis dependent on shaft rpm and, below
about 12 knots, propeller blade pitch.
For gas turbines, the shaft is always spinningwhen the engine is on line. All engines stop
is achieved by a blade pitch of 0.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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ENGINE ORDERS
Prescribed standard speeds are
predetermined ships speeds:
Standard speed - normally 15 knots
1/3 - one third of standard speed
2/3 - two thirds of standard speed
Full - speed higher than standard speed
Flank - maximum speed
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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ENGINE ORDERS
AheadBell Speed
1/3 5
2/3 10
Std 15
Full 20
Flank Max
speed
Typical PrescribedStandard Speeds
AsternBell Speed
1/3 5
2/3 10Full Max
speed
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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ENGINE ORDERS
Format Example
-Engines All engines. . ."
-Direction ". . ahead full. . ."
". . .back 2/3. . ."
-Speed ". . indicate 108 revolutions for 15knots."
". . .indicate 072 revolutions and
20% pitch for 3 knots."
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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ENGINE ORDERS
Engines: Port, starboard, or all engines.
Unnecessary for single screw ships.
Direction: Ahead, back or stop, and nearest
standard speed (except for stop)
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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ENGINE ORDERS
Speed:
..indicate ____ turns for __ knots., OR
..indicate turns for __ knots.
For controllable pitch propellers below 12
knots:
..indicate ___ turns and __% pitch for __ knots.
OR, ..indicate pitch and turns for __ knots.
-Note: If proceeding at a prescribed standard
speed, none of this is required.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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MANEUVERING COMBINATIONS
In maneuvering situations, where frequent
engine changes are expected, the Conning
Officer may set maneuveringcombinations.
When set, the Lee Helm answers all bells at
the prescribed standard speed increment. On ships with an EOT, this is indicated by an
RPM setting of 999.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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REPLIES AND REPORTS
Reply: Verbatim repeat back is required.
Reports: Lee Helm reports when action is
completed.
Note: Every report must include the complete
status of all engines, even if only one was
changed.
Acknowledgement: Conn will acknowledge allreports with Very well
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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EXAMPLES
Order: All engines ahead standard, indicate 115
revolutions for 16 knots.
Reply: All engines ahead standard, indicate 115
revolutions for 16 knots, aye.
Report: Maam, engine room answers all
engines ahead standard, indicating 115
revolutions for 16 knots.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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EXAMPLES
(Continued from previous slide)
Order: Indicate 122 revolutions for 17
knots.
Reply: Indicate 122 revolutions for 17 knots,
aye.
Report: Maam, engine room answers allengines ahead standard, indicating 122
revolutions for 17 knots.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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EXAMPLES
Order: Port engine ahead 1/3, starboard engine
back 2/3.
Reply: Port engine ahead 1/3, starboard engine
back 2/3, aye.
Report: Maam, engine room answers port
engine ahead 1/3, starboard engine back 2/3.
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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EXAMPLES
(Continued from previous slide)
Order: Starboard engine stop.
Reply: Starboard engine stop, aye.
Report: Maam, engine room answers
starboard engine stop, port engine ahead
1/3.
p g
Shiphandling: Standard Commands
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EXAMPLES
Order: All engines ahead 1/3, indicate pitch and
turns for 5 knots.
Reply: All engines ahead 1/3, indicate pitch and
turns for 5 knots, aye.
Report: Sir, engine room answers all engines
ahead 1/3, indicating 075 turns and 34% pitch
for 5 knots.
p g