tephritid barcoding initiative bruce a. mcpheron penn state university, usa norman b. barr...

Tephritid Barcoding Initiative

Bruce A. McPheronPenn State University, USA

Norman B. BarrUSDA-APHIS


• CBoL obtained funding from Sloan Foundation to support a “Demonstrator System”– Mid-size taxon, reasonable taxonomic

knowledge– Interested user community– Scientists willing to commit to 2-year project

• CBoL approached the mosquito and fruit fly communities to consider proposals

Tephritidae – The (True) Fruit Flies

Photos: USDA, R. Copeland, H.-Y. Han


• Family Tephritidae (>4,000 species, >350 economically important species)– Anastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis, Dacus, Rhagoletis

• Morphological keys of adults are available for many pests and congeners

• Morphological keys using immature morphology are uncommon


• Family Tephritidae (>4,000 species, >350 economically important species)– Anastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis, Dacus, Rhagoletis

• Many taxa are cryptic species complexes

• Emerging pests require a mechanism to update any diagnostic tool

DNA Barcoding – the Positives

• Works for all life stages

• Works with specimen fragments

• Can separate sibling species complexes

• Magnifies taxonomic expertise

• Worldwide access

• Enhances the value of traditional collections

Source:

DNA Barcoding – the ‘Negatives’

• Does not separate all sibling complexes

• More expensive than morphological examination

• Requires expert validation


• Steering Committee met in April, 2006, in Belgium

• Identified strategy, potential participants, and potential funders

• Submitted proposal to CBoL executive committee in July, 2006

• Support confirmed Sept., 2006

Tephritid Barcoding Initiative• Generate barcode database for 2,000 species

(10,000 individuals)• Train postdoctoral scholars in morphological and

molecular approaches to tephritid systematics• Establish globally-available DNA repository• Develop protocols for queries to DNA barcode

database in support of pest management, ecology and taxonomy

• Target completion – July, 2008


• Generate barcode database for 2,000 species (10,000 individuals)– 100% of economically important (EI) species– >75% of EI congeners– >25% of taxa containing beneficial species– 1 species per genus in subtribes containing EI

species– 1 species per genus in other higher taxa– representative tephritoid families


• Train postdoctoral scholars in morphological and molecular approaches to tephritid systematics– Regional approach– Recruit 3 postdocs to work with established

morphological systematists– Use museums as home base and travel to

regional museums or accept loans for DNA acquisition


A global effort: - Allen Norrbom - Marc De Meyer - Dick Drew


• Establish globally-available DNA repository– Host not yet identified

• Develop protocols for queries to DNA barcode database in support of pest management, ecology and taxonomy– BoLD and GenBank formats– Incorporation into robust risk assessment

tools



• Funding estimate: US$1 million direct costs

• Statement of cooperation from >15 major museums

• Funding from Sloan Foundation, USDA-APHIS, Penn State, Belgian government


• 496 tephritid cytochrome oxidase I sequences in GenBank– 236 sequences cover the “Barcode” region

• Most sequences come from taxa in species complexes

• Armstrong & Ball (2005) and subsequent unpublished work– 75 species in 14 genera, primarily Bactrocera

0.01

Anastrepha

Bactrocera

B. cucurbitae

Ceratitis + Dacus

Rhagoletis

NJ tree (68 taxa)

MEGA3.1

Bootstrap support

Only tephritids are included

99%

99%

99%

Dealing with Species Complexes

Photo(s): G.L. Bush



• Statement of cooperation from >15 major museums– Initial specimen collection beginning

• Funding from Sloan Foundation, USDA-APHIS, Penn State, Belgian government– Funding agreements are nearly in place


Contact: Bruce McPheron, Penn State, USAChair, TBI Steering [email protected]

TBI Coordinators:

Allen Norrbom, USDA, USAMarc De Meyer, RMCA, Belgium

Steering Committee Members:

Karen Armstrong, New ZealandNorman Barr, USAAmnon Freidberg, IsraelHo-Yeon Han, South KoreaGeorge Roderick, USAIan White, UK

tephritid barcoding initiative bruce a. mcpheron penn state university, usa norman b. barr...

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