teoria7-14
TRANSCRIPT
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 1/75
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 2/75
Unidad 7-14.............................................................................................................................................................1
Grammar..............................................................................................................................................................1
1.-Infinitive and verbs + ing form...................................................................................................................1
2.-at, in, and on to express location.................................................................................................................7
3.-odals verbs...............................................................................................................................................!
4.- "s and li#e................................................................................................................................................14
$.-%elative prono&ns and relative cla&ses.....................................................................................................1$'.-()ird conditional and mixed conditional..................................................................................................1'
7.-*is), if onl and )ope..............................................................................................................................17
.- a&sative )ave and get.............................................................................................................................1
!.- ()e passive...............................................................................................................................................1
1.- %eporter speec)......................................................................................................................................21
11.- /a and tell.............................................................................................................................................2'
12.- Used to, ,didn0t &se to, beget &sed to........................................................................................................2'
13.-()e...........................................................................................................................................................27
14.- o&ntable and &nco&ntable no&ns.............................................................................................................2
1$.-&antifiers...................................................................................................................................................2
1'.-5a and 5ie -- *)ic) is correct6................................................................................................................2!ocab&lar.........................................................................................................................................................3
1.-erb location 8it) sporting activities.......................................................................................................3
2.-"c)ieve, carr o&t and devote..................................................................................................................3
3.-"rrive, get and reac).................................................................................................................................31
4.- expressions for ve)icles...........................................................................................................................31
$.-Ideomatic expressions...............................................................................................................................31
'.-"void, prevent and protect. )ec# , control, #eep an ee on and s&pervise.............................................32
7.-/pace, place, room, area, location an s9&are............................................................................................33
.-5oo#, see or 8atc)....................................................................................................................................34
!.-"cting, a&dience, performance, pla, p&blic, scene, spectator, stage.......................................................3$
1.-/ta, spend, pass, ma#e, ca&se................................................................................................................3'
11.-"lt)o&g, even t)o&g) and despite of......................................................................................................37
12 :ce spea#ing vocab&lar..........................................................................................................................37
12 :ce spea#ing vocab&lar..........................................................................................................................3
;nglis)-/panis) 8ords......................................................................................................................................3!
<)rasal verbs.....................................................................................................................................................47
Phrasal verbs English version......................................................................................................................4
;=ercicios sol&ciones......................................................................................................................................4!
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 3/75
Unidad 7-14
Grammar
1.-Infinitive and verbs + ing form
1.1 Infinitive
*e &se t)e infinitive>
• (o sa 8) 8e do somet)ing>
I’ve just gone running to get some exercise.
He’s taken up tennis to make friends.
•(o sa 8) somet)ing exists>
There’s an example to help you.
• "fter too and eno&g)>
It’s too cold to go simming today.
He isn’t good enough to make the national team.
• *e &se t)e infinitive in t)e follo8ing verb patterns.
<ag 1
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 4/75
• *e &se t)ese verbs from t)e lists above to report speec)>
Advice Agree Allow AskDecideEncourageForbidInviteOffer,Order PermitPersuade
PromiseRecommendRefuseRemindTellThreatenWarn
<ag 2
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 5/75
1.2 erb + ing
*e &se a verb + -ing>
• "fter prepositions>
He’s made a lot of friends by joining the tennis club.
!e atched a film about climbing in the mountains.
• ?ote> *e also &se a verb + -ing after to 8)en to is a preposition>
I’m looking forard to going on holiday.
"he’s used to studying everything in English.
• "s s&b=ects or ob=ects of a sentence>
#limbing is safer than it looks.
He decided to take up running.
• *e &se a verb + -ing after t)ese verbs>
Admitareciate,avoid,celebrate,consider,
dela!den!dislikeen"o!finishimagineinvolvekee
mindmissostoneractiseregretriskstosuggest
<ag 3
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 6/75
• *e &se a verb + -ing after t)ese expressions>
It0s no good
It0s not 8ort)
It0s no &se
It0s a 8aste of time
I can0t stand
I can0t bear
I cant )elp
It’s not orth joining that sport club.
It’s a aste of time entering the competition unless you’re really fit
I can’t bear atching my team hen they play badly.
• erbs follo8ed b eit)er an infinitive or a verb + -ing 8it) almost t)e same meaning>
#ove$egin
%ontinue&atePrefer #ike'tart
I love plaing tennis.
I love to pla tennis.
It contin&ed raining all da.
It contin&ed to rain all da.
• ?ote> *)en love, )ate, prefer and li#e are &sed 8it) 8o&ld, t)e are al8as follo8ed b t)e infinitive>
I ouldn’t like to do an adventure race.
I’d prefer to atch in on television.
<ag 4
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 7/75
• *e &se verb +-ing after t)ese verbs>
Admit Areciate Avoid%elebrate%onsider Dela!Den!DislikeEn"o!FinishImagineInvolve
(ee)ind)issPostonePractiseRegretRisk'to
'uggest
I really enjoyed inning that match.
"he suggested playing a game of s$uash after school.
• *e can &se t)ese verbs from t)e list above in reported speec)>
"dmit
@en
%egret
/&ggest
<ag $
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 8/75
1.3 erbs follo8ed b eit)er an infinitive or a verb + -ing 8it) a difference in meaning
erb + infinitive erb + -ing
%emember @id o& remember to bring
o&r r&nning s)oes6 Aan action
o& )ave to doB
I remember feeling ver tired at
t)e end of t)e race. Aa memor of
somet)ing in t)e past.B
:orget @on0t forget to bring o&r
tennis rac#et.Aan action o&
)ave to doB.
I0ll never forget 8inning m first
tennis c)ampions)ip. Aa memor
of somet)ing in t)e pastB.
%egret I regret to tell o& t)e race )as
been cancelled. Aregret + to
sa to tell to inform means
CI0m sorr to five o& t)is
information0.B
I regret not training )arder before
t)e race. AI0m sorr I didn0t do
t)isB.
(r I0m r&nning ever da beca&se
I0m tring to get fit.A
ob=ective is to get fitB.
If o& 8ant to get fit, 8) don0t
o& tr s8imming6A/8imming is
a met)od to reac) o&rob=ective.B
ean ario means to 8in t)e
c)ampions)ips At)is is )is
intentionB.
I 8anted to be a s8imming
c)ampion, b&t it meant going to
t)e pool ever da at $>$ Ait
involvedB.
/top Dalf8a t)ro&g) t)e marat)on,
)e stopped to drin# some 8ater.
AIn order to drin# some 8aterB.
*)en )e realised )e co&ldn0t
8in, )e stopped r&nning. ADe
didn0t contin&e.B
• ?ote> ()e form forget + verb + -ing is &n&s&al. It is more normal to &se AnotB remember.
I forgot riding a bike the first time.
I don’t remember riding a bike the first time.
<ag '
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 9/75
2.-at, in, and on to express location
2.1 *e &se at>
• 8)en 8e t)in# of a place as a point, not an area Aincl&ding at )ome, at sc)ool, at 8or#, at &niversitB>
The postman is at the front door.
• to tal# abo&t an event 8it) a n&mber of people>
I’ll see you at the party tonight%
• :or addresses>
The party is at &'( !ood )venue.
2.2 *e &se in>
• *)en 8e t)in# of a place as an area or space>
*lga lives in "t Petersburg.
"onia lives in a large house in the country.
• :or cars and taxis>
l love listening to m&sic 8)en I0m in t)e car.
• ?ormall 8it) in class, in )ospital, in prison, in co&rt>
Patrick is in hospital ith a broken leg.
• *it) people or t)ings 8)ic) form lines>
!e stood in the ticket $ueue for four hours.
• :or t)e 8orld>
He’s reputed to be one of the richest men in the orld.
<ag 7
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 10/75
2.3 *e &se on>
• (o tal# abo&t a position in contact 8it) a s&rface>
There’s an insect on your forehead.
"he lay on the beach all day.
• 8it) coast, road to, t)e o&ts#irts of, t)e edge of, border, t)e 8a tofrom, etc>
!e can stop at my village+ hich is on the ay to ,adrid.
• 8it) means of transport apart from cars and taxis Asee aboveB>
l alays get frightened on planes.
• for tec)nolog>
He’s been on the phone for hours. I found out about it on -acebook.
• *it) left and rig)t>
Talk to the student on your right.
• 8it) premises, farm, floor, island and list>
It’s on the fifth floor.
ou’re not on my list of students for this class.
<ag
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 11/75
3.-Modals verbs
*e &se modal verbs to express t)e spea#er0s vie8 of abilit, certaint and possibilit, obligation,
pro)ibition and permission.
• ()ese modal verbs are al8as follo8ed b t)e infinitive 8it)o&t to> can, co&ld, ma, mig)t, m&st, s)all,
s)o&ld, 8ill, 8o&ld
• ()ese modal verbs are al8as follo8ed b t)e infinitive 8it) to> )ave to, o&g)t to
ote! odal verbs al8as )ave t)e same form, i.e. no EsE in t)e t)ird person sing&lar ADe can comeB or
-ed in t)e past Aexcept for )ave to, 8)ic) c)anges in t)e same 8a as )aveB.
3.1 ;xpressing abilit
(o sa someone )as an abilit, 8e &se can, canEt, co&ld, co&ldn0t and be able to.
In t)e present, 8e &se>
• can or amisare able to to express abilit
• can0t or am notFisn0taren0t able to for t)ings 8)ic) are not possible.
/i0 can speak five languages+ but she can’t speak 1ussian.
The doctor’s able to see you no+ but she isn’t able to see you tomorro.
ote! *e &s&all &se can and can0t 8)en spea#ing beca&se
t)e are s)orter and less formal t)an able to.
in t)e past, 8e &se>
• o&ld onl 8)en spea#ing in general>
*)en l 8as a c)ild, l co&ld read 8it)o&t glasses.
• 8as8ere able to 8)en spea#ing abo&t somet)ing someone s&cceeded in doing on one
partic&lar occasion>
2ad didn’t have any money on him+ but fortunately he as able to use his credit card to pay the bill.3not He couldn’t use his credit card to pay the bill.4
• co&ldn0t and 8asn0t8eren0t able to 8)en spea#ing in general and also 8)en spea#ing abo&t
one partic&lar occasion>
Pascual asn’t able to 5 couldn’t do al5 the $uestions in the maths exam.
*lga couldn’t 5 asn6t able to ride a bike till she as (7.
• *)en tal#ing abo&t abilit, 8e &se can onl in t)e present and co&ld onl in t)e past. :or
perfect and f&t&re tenses, 8e &se able to>
I’ve been very busy so I haven’t been able to finish reading the novel. 3Present perfect4.
!hen you finish the course+ you’ll be able to speak English really ell. 3future simple4
<ag !
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 12/75
ote! *e do not &se be able to in t)e contin&o&s.
• *e &se be able to after an infinitive>
"he hopes to be able to study medicine hen she goes to university.
• *e &se be able to after modal verbs Amig)t, s)o&ld, ma, etcB>
If I’m free this eekend+ I might be able to help you paint your house.
*)en o&0ve finis)ed t)is co&rse, o& s)o&ld be able to spea# ;nglis) ver 8ell.
• *e &s&all &se can and co&ld 8it) see, )ear, smell, feel and taste>
-rom the top of the mountain e could see for miles.
I can hear a strange noise coming from upstairs.
• Do8ever, 8e &se manage 8)en 8e s&cceed in doing somet)ing 9&ite diffic< to do>
I kno you’ve been busy+ but did you manage to phone my mum8
He managed to pass the exam+ although he as feeling ill hen he did it.
ote! co&ld is not possible in t)is example>
He could pass the exam although he as feeling ill hen he did it
3.2 ;xpressing certaint and possibilit
(o express certaint abo&t t)e present, 8e &se>
• m&st>
"he’s been in over (9 films+ so she must be very ell knon.
ote! *e &s&all )ave a good reason for expressing t)is certaint, e.g. /)e0s been in over 7$ films.
• can0t or co&ldn0t for t)e negative Anot m&stn0tB>
ou can’t be tired. ou’ve just got out of bed% ,ark couldn’t have been at the party : he’s on holiday in )merica at the moment.
(o express certaint abo&t t)e past, 8e &se>
• m&st )ave + past participle>
ou have a very big part in the play.
it must have taken you ages to learn all the lines.
• can0t )ave and co&ldn0t )ave + past participle in negative sentences>
"he can’t have left her glasses at home : l sa her earing them on the bus.
"he couldn’t have stolen the money because she’s far too honest.
<ag 1
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 13/75
(o express possibilit abo&t t)e present or f&t&re, 8e &se>
• ma, mig)t or co&ld>
I may come and visit you next summer.
!e might go to the cinema if e finish all our ork in time
!e’d better go for a alk no because it could rain later.
• ma not and mig)t not Aor mig)tn0tB in negative sentences Anot can0t or co&ldn0t 8)ic) expresscertaintB>
-rankie is looking very pa5e. He may not be very ell.
2on’t cook any dinner for me because I might not be back in time.
(o express possibilit abo&t t)e past, 8e &se>
• ma )ave, mig)t )ave, co&ld )ave, ma not )ave, mig)t not )ave + past participle>
It0s &nli#e /all to be late. /)e ma )ave overslept, or s)e mig)t not )ave remembered t)e
appointment.
3.3 bligation - m&st and )ave to
*e can often &se m&st and )ave to 8it)o&t an difference in meaning>
Teachers must 5 have to try to make their lessons as interesting as possible.
"o#ever, #e $se!
• m&st + infinitive 8it)o&t to in t)e present tense. :or ot)er tenses, 8e &se )ave to + infinitive>
I’d like to go camping+ but I’ll have to ask my parents.
In order to get the holiday job I had to fill in an application form and do an intervie.
• Dave to more often Fn 9&estions>
2o e have to anser all the $uestions8
• m&st for a goal Aor an obligationB t)at 8e give o&rselves>
I must go to the supermarket later.
• )ave to 8)en t)e obligation comes from someone else>
,y teacher has given me a lot of homeork hich l have to do for ,onday.
• m&st for strong advice>
ou must be careful if you stay out late at night.
<ag 11
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 14/75
t)er 8as of expressing obligation>
• *e &se be s&pposed to + infinitive to tal# abo&t an obligation 8)ic) is different from 8)at
reall )appens>
!e’re supposed to do five riting task each term. 3;ut most people only do to or three.4
)ren’t you supposed to be in class right no8 3i.e. not out here playing football4
• *e &se s)o&ld + infinitive 8it)o&t to to tal# abo&t t)e rig)t t)ing to do, b&t 8)ic) is differentfrom 8)at reall )appens>
ou should anser using your on ideas+ not things you have memorised beforehand.
• ()e past of s)o&ld is s)o&ld )ave + past participle>
ou shouldn’t have tried to anser all three $uestions in !riting Part <%
• *e can &se o&g)t to to mean Es)o&ldE>
ou ought to be more polite to the people you deal ith.
3.4 <ro)ibition
• *e &se t)ese modal verbs and p)rases to express pro)ibition> can0t, m&stnEt, not let, AbeB not
allo8ed to, don0t allo8 AsomebodB to.
ou can’t go in there : it says ’=o entry
ou mustn’t speak during the exam : it’s forbidden.
,y sister on’t let me listen to her #2s. I’m not alloed to use the kitchen in my host family’s house.
,y parents didn’t allo me to play computer games hen I as small.
• *e do not &se don0t )ave to to express pro)ibition>
ou mustn’t use your mobile phone in class. 3It6s not alloed.4
• ompare t)is 8it)>
ou don’t have to use your mobile phone to speak to -ayed. /ook% He’s over there. 3i.e. It’s not necessary.4
• In t)e past, 8e &se> co&ldn0t, didn0t let, 8asn0t allo8ed to,didn0t allo8 AsomebodB to>
I couldn’t leave the room until the end of the meeting.
"he asn’t alloed to invite her boyfriend to the party
• *e donEt &se m&stn0t to tal# abo&t t)e past>
I must couldn’t ride my bike to school because my mum thought It as dangerous.
!e mustn’t eren’t alloed to use our dictionary in the exam last eek.
<ag 12
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 15/75
3.$ <ermission
• (o express permission, 8e &se> can Apast co&ldB, let, am allo8ed to and ma Apast 8as8ere
allo8ed toB.
ou can only use your phone during the break+ not in #lass.
)re e alloed to use calculators in the maths exam8
"he let him borro her bicycle to get to the station.
• *e onl &se ma in formal sit&ations>
It’s not necessary to stay until the end of the examination.
!hen you have ansered all the $uestions+ you may leave the room.
• (o sa t)at t)ere is no obligation, or it0s not necessar, 8e &se> don0t )ave to, don0t need to and
neednEt>
This is a really good exercise on phrasal verbs for any one ho’s interested+ but it’s not for homeork+
so you don’t have to do it if you don’t ant to. ou needn’t learn all the vocabulary on this page : only
the ords you think are useful.
I didn’t need to means 6It asn6t necessary and I didn’t do it
I needn’t have means 6It asn6t necessary but I did it’>
I didn’t need to buy a nespaper to find out the story because I’d already heard it on the radio.
!hat love5y roses% ou needn’t have bought me so many+ but it as very generous of you.
<ag 13
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 16/75
4.- %s and li&e
4.1 "s
'e $se as!
•
to sa someone or somet)ing is t)at t)ing, or )as t)at f&nction>
He orks as a nurse
"he uses email as a ay of keeping in touch ith friends.
#an I give you some advice as a friend8
• to mean t)e same as before a s&b=ect + verb or a past participle>
Things happened exact5y as l had predicted.
The exam as as expected : very difficult%
• to mean Ebeca&seE>"s tomorro8 is a p&blic )olida, I 8ill not be giving o& an )ome8or# to do.
• after certain verbs incl&ding describe and regard>
•
The teachers regard you as the best group of students in the school.
The police are describing him as extremely dangerous.
• 8it) ad=ectives and adverbs to ma#e comparisons>
,ike is not as clever as his sister.
• to mean Efor example0 in t)e p)rase s&c) as>
•
I spent the summer travelling round Europe and visiting lots of places such as ?enice+ -lorence and
;arcelona.
• 8it) t)e sameH as>
ou’re earing the same colour "hirt as me%
• in t)e p)rases
)s far as I kno 3l think it6s true but i don6t I kno ail the facts4
)s far as I’m concerned 3this is my personal opinion4
)s far as l can see5tell 3this is hat I’ve noticed or understood4>
)s far as l kno+ my grandparents have alays lived in the same house.
I don’t mind ho much money you spend on #lothes you can spend all your money on clothes as far
as I’m concerned.
)rsenal isn’t going to in the cup this year as far as I can see.
<ag 14
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 17/75
4.2 5i#e
'e $se li&e!
• to mean 0similar to0 Aespeciall after t)e verbs be, seem, feel, loo#, so&nd, smell and tasteB>
He’s eating hat looks like a hamburger.
This simming pool is fantastic : the artificial aves mean
It’s like simming in the sea.
• to mean Efor exampleE>
He enjoys all sorts of adventure sports like paragliding+ indsurfing and canoeing.
(.-)elative prono$ns and relative cla$ses
" cla&se is a gro&p of 8ords containing a s&b=ect and a verb in a tense 8)ic) form a sentence or part of a
sentence.
%elative cla&ses start 8it) t)ese relative prono&ns> 8)o, 8)ic), t)at, 8)ose, 8)ere, 8)en and 8).
%elative cla&ses
()e man 8)o p)oned o& is m doctor.
$.1 @efining relative cla&ses
%elative cla&ses 8)ic) tell &s 8)ic) partic&lar person or t)ing t)e spea#er is tal#ing abo&t are called defining
relative cla&ses. ()e give essential information>
()e doctor 8)o treated me is m co&sin.
()e relative cla&se tells &s 8)ic) doctor 8e are tal#ing abo&t.
$.2 ?on-@efining relative cla&ses
%elative cla&ses 8)ic) give &s extra information are called non-defining relative cla&ses>
doctor, 8)o belongs to t)e same tennis cl&b as o&, vaccinated me esterda.
*e alread #no8 8)ic) doctor AitEs m doctorB 8)o belongs to t)e same tennis cl&b as o& does not tell &s
8)ic) doctor are tal#ing abo&t it =&st adds extra information.
()ere are differences in grammar>
@efining relative cla&ses @efining relative cla&ses
• @on0t )ave commas.
• Use t)e follo8ing relative prono&ns>
8)o, 8)ic), 8)ose, 8)ere, 8)en and 8).
• an &se t)at instead of 8)o or
8)ic).
• *)o, 8)ic) or t)at can be omitted
8)en t)e are t)e ob=et of t)e cla&se> ()e
medicine A-8)ic)t)atB t)e doctor gave me
s)o&ld be ta#en t8ice a da At)e doctor is t)e
• Use commas Aor pa&ses in /po#en
;nglis)B.
• Use t)e follo8ing relative prono&ns>
*)o, 8)ic), 8)ose, 8)ere and 8)en.
• @on0t &se t)at.
• ()e relative prono&n cannot be
omitted.
<ag 1$
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 18/75
s&b=ect and -8)ic) t)at t)e ob=ect of t)e
cla&seB.
<ag 1'
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 19/75
*.-ird conditional and mixed conditional
'.1 ()ird conditional
*e &se a t)ird conditional to tal# abo&t>
• /omet)ing 8)ic) did not )appen in t)e past and its res<s, 8)ic) are imaginar.
If o& )ad gone to t)e concert, o& 8o&ld )ave en=oed it.
If o& )ad p)oned me t)is morning, l 8o&ld not )ave been late for sc)ool.
If I )ad lived Fn t)e 1!t) cent&r, l 8o&ld )ave gone to sc)ool b )orse. AIf I )ad lived in t)e 1!t) cent&r
Asomet)ing 8)ic) did not )appen - I am alive no8B, I 8o&ld )ave gone to sc)ool b )orse Aan imaginar
conse9&ence beca&se I didnEt live in t)e 1!t) cent&rB.B
If )e )adn0t reacted 9&ic#l, t)e )ippo 8o&ld )ave #illed )im. ADe reacted 9&ic#l, so t)e )ippo didnEt #ill )im.B
ote! *e can contract t)e t)ird conditional as follo8s>
If IEd lived in t)e 1!t) cent&r, IEd )ave gone to sc)ool b )orse.
If )e )adn0t been in s&c) a )&rr, )e 8o&ldnEt )ave )ad an accident.
*e can &se co&ld and mig)t instead of 8o&ld>
fo&r team )ad plaed )arder, t)e co&ld )ave 8on t)e matc). A()e )ad t)e abilit to 8in t)e matc), b&t t)e
didnEt, beca&se t)e didnEt pla )ard eno&g).B
If o&r team )ad plaed )arder, t)e 8o&ld )ave 8on t)e matc). A()e 8ere s&re to 8in, b&t t)e didn0t beca&se
t)e didn0t pla )ard eno&g).B
If t)e 8eat)er )ad been better, 8e mig)t )ave gone s8imming. A/8imming 8as a possibilit.B
If t)e 8eat)er )ad been better, 8e 8o&ld )ave gone s8imming. A/8imming 8as a certaint.B
'.2 ixed conditional
<ag 17
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 20/75
7.-'is, if onl and ope
*e &se 8is) if onl + past simple to sa 8e 8o&ld li#e a present sit&ation to be different>
l 8is) I )ad a 8armer =ac#et A()is one doesn0t #eep me 8arm.B
If onl it 8as t)e s&mmer )olidas AJ&t it isnEt - IEm still at sc)ool.B
ote! ()is &se of 8is) if onl is similar to second conditional, i.e. it &ses a past tense to refer to somet)ing
8)ic) is contrar to t)e facts in t)e present.
*e &se 8is) if onl + 8o&ld to sa>
• 8e 8ant somet)ing to )appen>
I 8is) m car 8o&ld start Al canEt ma#e it start and I 8ant
it to start.B
•8e 8ant someone to start doing somet)ing t)e don0t do>
If onl o&0d listen to meK
• or 8e 8ant someone to stop doing somet)ing 8)ic) annos &s>
If onl m m&m 8o&ldn0t p)one me ever five min&tes
*e &se 8is) if onl + past perfect to tal# abo&t t)ings 8)ic) 8e are &n)app abo&t 8)ic) )appened in t)e
past>
De 8is)es )e )ad st&died )arder 8)en )e 8as at sc)ool.ADe didn0t st&d )ard eno&g) - per)aps if )e )adst&died )arder )e 8o&ld )ave gone to &niversit.B
ote! ()is &se of 8is) If onl is similar to t)ird conditional, i.e. it &ses a past perfect tense to refer to
somet)ing 8)ic) is contrar to t)e facts in t)e past.
If onl means El 8is)E. *)en tal#ing abo&t ot)er people, 8e &se )e 8is)es, t)e 8is), etc. *e &se if onl 8)en
8e feel somet)ing ver strongl. t)er8ise 8e &se l 8is).
*e &se )ope 8)en 8e 8ant somet)ing to )appen or to be tr&e, and &s&all )ave a good reason to t)in# t)at it
mig)t>
I )ope o& )ave a good )olida.
/)e )opes )er st&dents 8ill get a )ig) grade in t)eir exams.
ote! *e &se )ope + presentf&t&re tense 8it) a f&t&re meaning, especiall 8)en t)e s&b=ect of t)e t8o cla&ses
is different, i.e. land o& in l )ope o& )ave a good )olida.
*e often &se )ope + infinitive 8)en t)ere is onl one
s&b=ect to t)e sentence>
De )opes to go into politics in t)e f&t&re. ADe )opes )e0ll go into politics in t)e f&t&re.B
*e can &se )ope 8)en 8e 8ant somet)ing to be tr&e abo&t t)e past, b&t 8e donEt #no8 if it is tr&e>
l )ope o& )ad a good flig)t. Ab&t l don0t #no8 if o& )ad a good flig)t.B
<ag 1
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 21/75
.- /a$sative ave and get
*e &se )aveget + somet)ing + done Acleaned fixed made, etc.B 8)en 8e as# someone else to do somet)ing
for &s>
I’ve just had my bike mended. 3i.e. "omeone has mended
my bike for me.4
•
get is less formal t)an )ave>
,y dad has just got some ne furniture delivered.
• it0s not &s&all necessar to sa 8)o did it for &s, b&t It is possible>
I’m going to have my hair dyed blonde this afternoon by my sister. 3i.e. ,y sister @s going to dye my hair for
me.4
• )aveget + somet)ing + done can be &sed Fn an tense or form>
I’m going to get my suit dry:cleaned for the edding.
• *e can also &se t)is str&ct&re to sa 8e )ave been t)e ictim of somet)ing>
Tim had his allet stolen hile he as aiting for the bus.
0.- e passive
()e passive is formed b t)e verb to be + past participle doneeatencleaned, etcB.
*e &se t)e passive 8)en>
• *)at )appens is more important t)an 8)o does it>
The car has been repaired+ so e can go aay this eekend.
• *e donEt #no8 8)o or 8)at doesdid somet)ing>
,y mobile phone has been stolen
•
8e donEt need to sa 8)o or 8)at doesdid somet)ing beca&se it0s obvio&s from t)e sit&ation or context>
The la as passed earlier this year 3obviously by a government4.
• *)en 8riting in an official stle>
our ticket has been booked and can be collected from our office.
<ag 1!
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 22/75
!.1 t)e passive 8it) gets
• *e can &se get instead of be to form t)e passive, especiall 8)en 8e 8ant to sa t)at somet)ing
)appened to someone or somet)ing>
He got hurt playing football yesterday. 3He as hurt.4
I’m afraid e ere playing football and one of your indos got broken. 3*ne of your indos as broken.4
• get is &sed mainl in informal spo#en ;nglis).
• *e onl &se get 8)en somet)ing )appens or c)anges>
He got arrested by the police.
• it is not possible 8it) state verbs>
The car got oned by a film star. The car as oned by a film star.
<ag 2
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 23/75
!.2 t)e passive 8it) reporting verb
*e often &se t)e passive to report 8)at people sa, t)in#, etc, especiall 8)en 8e donEt #no8 8)o said it or
t)o&g)t it, or it0s not important>
<ag 21
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 24/75
1.- )eporter speec
1.1 (ense c)anges in reported speec)
1.2 &estion in reported speec)
<ag 22
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 25/75
1.3 General sc)eme
<resent simple past simple
<resent contin&o&s past contin&o&s
<resent perfect past perfect
<ast simple past perfect
*ill 8o&ld
an co&ld
a mig)t&st )ad to ALB
ALB@o not c)ange m&st to )ad to. If it is negative of if it is express ded&ction
ertainl <ossibilit
+ - + -resent &st an0t
o&ldn0t
a,mig)t,co&ld a not, mig)t not
ast &st )ave + <.< an0t )ave,co&ldn0t
)ave + <.<
a )ave,mig)t
)ave,co&ld )ave + <.<
a not, )ave, mig)t not
)ave+ <.<
<ag 23
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 26/75
1.3 <rono&n, ad=ective and adverb c)anges in reported speec)
1.4 imperatives in reported speec)
<ag 24
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 27/75
1.$ %eporting verbs
<ag 2$
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 28/75<ag 2'
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 29/75
11.- a and tell
11.1 sa
*e &se sa 8it) to + no&n Asa to o&, sa to peterB.
11.2 (ell
*e &se tell + no&n Atell o&, tell peterB
12.- Used to, ,didn’t use to, be/get used to
12.1 Used to>
*e &se C$sed to0 to tal# abo&t t)ings t)at )appened in t)e past M actions or states M t)at no longer )appen no8.
A$sed to + infinitive56.
12.2 @idn0t &se to>
()e negative is Cdidn5t $se to0 and 9&estions are formed 8it) Cid o$ $se to 860
Adidn5t $se to + infinitive56.
13.3 beget &sed to
AGet &sed to + ing verbB
If o& are $sed to somet)ing, o& are acc&stomed to it M o& don0t find it &n&s&al. If o& get $sed to
somet)ing or o& are getting $sed to somet)ing o& are becoming acc&stomed to it M it 8as strange, no8 it0s
not so strange.
• I found "lovak food very strange at first but I’m used to it no.
• I’m getting used to driving on the right.
Jot) Cbe $sed to0 and Cget $sed to0 are follo8ed b a no&n Aor prono&nB or t)e ger&nd M t)e Cing 0 form of averb.
• I can’t get used to getting up so early. I’m tired all the time.
• He’s not used to the eather here yet. He’s finding it very cold.
C9e:get $sed to0 can be &sed 8it) past, present and f&t&re tenses.
• ou might find it strange at first but you’ll soon get used to it.
• He asn’t used to the heat and he caught sunstroke.
<ag 27
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 30/75
13.-“The”
13.1 No& can0t &se t)e 8)en
• No& tal# abo&t t)ings in general
• Use pl&ral co&ntable no&ns Acats are great petsB.
• ?on co&ntable no&n AI love listening to m&sicB.
• Dave A)olidas, geograp), companies, lang&agesB
• <laces, location, street
• /port
13.2 8e &se t)e for
• "bbreviation At)e ;&, ()e &saB
• %eferring to t)ings t)at are &ni9&e Ain ot)er 8ords, onl one of t)em existsB>
#ricket is the most popular summer 6sport in ;ritain.the Aueen of England
The sea is too rough to "im in.
Is ,anchester Bnited the best football team in the Bk8
I’m orried about the future.
!hat time does the sun rise8
AJU(> see t)e notes on planets, mo&ntains,C par#s, etc. 8)ic) follo8B
• *)en it0s obvio&s 8)ic) one o& mean>
!e6re going to the pubC you can join us there later.
I’m taking the dog for a alk.
Ho many "tudents are there in the class8
!e are taking the exam in the summer.
• *)en 8e mean a partic&lar person or t)ing>
the actor ho played the villain
The big $uestion fitness experts are asking is
The director of the film Psycho as )lfred Hitchcock.
• ceans, seas and rivers>
the )tlantic the )egean the ,editerranean the Thames the 1hine
• <l&ral mo&ntain gro&ps, island gro&ps and co&ntries>
The )ndes the #anary Islands the =etherlands 6 the Philippines
• Dotels, inemas, t)eatres, m&se&ms>
The 1it0 the Daumont the Playhouse the =ational Dallery the Tate Dallery
<ag 2
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 31/75
14.- Countable and unountable nouns
ost no&ns are co&ntable, for example>
#ar bus train Tram
*e can tal# abo&t a car, cars and some cars.
J&t some no&ns are &nco&ntable, for example>
Petrol !ine -reedom "afety !ater 1ain
*e can0t sa> a petrol or petrols
J&t 8e can sa> some petrol
)emember tat tese common ;nglis no$ns are $nco$ntable!
furniture information eather advice hair progress nes
*e canEt sa> a good ne8s or a f&rnit&re
J&t 8e can sa> some good ne8s or some f&rnit&re
r 8e can refer to a sing&lar item b &sing 8ords s&c) as piece, slice, c&p, etc
" piece of good ne8s t)ree c&ps of 8ater
)emember tat $nco$ntable no$ns ta&e a sing$lar verb!
()e ne8s is good. ()e 8eat)er 8as a8f&l.
1!.-"uanti#iers
<$antifiers are 8ords li#e fe#, less, some, an, m$c and man!
()ere0s some tea left in t)e pot, and t)ere are some bisc&its in t)e pac#et.
()ere isn0t an tea left in t)e pot, and t)ere arenEt an bisc&its eit)er...
Is t)ere an tea left in t)e pot6 "re t)ere an bisc&its left in t)e-pac#et6
Is t)ere some tea left6 ADopef&ll expecting t)e ans8er esB
=ess, te least, little and m$c are onl &sed 8it) &nco&ntable no&ns>
()ere isn0t m&c) tea left. Jet)0s got less mone t)an Oane.
()ere0s ver little tea left. J&t @ave0s got t)e least mone of all.
>e#, fe#er, te fe#est and ?man are onl &sed 8it) pl&ral co&ntable no&ns>
()ere aren0t man bisc&its left. "lan0s got fe8er friends t)an /&e.
()ere are onl a fe8 bisc&its. J&t @ave0s got t)e fe8est friends of all.
<ag 2!
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 32/75
1$.- %a& and %ie -- 'hih is orret(
" common 9&estion 8eEve received is abo&t 8)en to &se PlalielaidlaingP. In t)is post 8e cover t)e
differences. Dope it )elps to ans8er o&r 9&estions.
=a Aprincipal parts> la, laid, laid, laingB means Pto p&tP or Pto place.P ()is verb re9&ires an ob=ect to
complete its meaning.
• In p)ase one, 8e 8ill la do8n t)e r&les for t)e contest.
• I laid t)e message rig)t on o&r des#.
• I )ad laid t8o ot)er notes t)ere esterda.
• IEve never been one for laing t)e blame on m s&bordinates. A<&tting t)e blame.B
• ()e material 8as laid in t)e box. A" passive constr&ction impling t)at someone laid t)e material in t)e
box.B
=ie Aprincipal parts> lie, la, lain, lingB means Pto recline, rest, or staP or Pto ta#e a position of rest.P It refers
to a person or t)ing as eit)er ass&ming or being in a reclining position. ()is verb cannot ta#e an ob=ect.
• ?o8 )e lies in bed most of t)e da.
• ()e =ob la before &s as 8e negotiated terms.
• &r proposal )as lain &nans8ered for t8o 8ee#s.
• No&r c&stomer records are ling on t)e salesmanEs des#.
;> In deciding 8)et)er to &se lie or la in a sentence, s&bstit&te t)e 8ord place, placed, or placing Aas
appropriateB for t)e 8ord in 9&estion. If t)e s&bstit&te fits, t)e corresponding form of la is correct. If it doesnEt,
&se t)e appropriate form of lie.
• I 8ill Alie or la6B do8n no8. ANo& co&ld not sa, PI 8ill place do8n no8.P ()erefore, 8rite PI 8ill lie
do8n no8.PB
• I Alaid or la6B t)e pad on )is des#. API placed t)e pad on )is des#P 8or#s. ()erefore, 8rite PI laid t)e
pad.PB
• I Alaid or la6B a8a#e man nig)ts. API placed a8a#eP doesnEt 8or#. *rite PI la a8a#e.PB
• ()ese files )ave Alaid or lain6B &nto&c)ed for some time. AP()ese files )ave placed &nto&c)edP doesnEt
8or#. *rite P()ese files )ave lain &nto&c)ed.PB
• De )as been Alaing or ling6B do8n on t)e =ob. APDe )as been placing do8n on t)e =obP doesnEt 8or#.
*rite PDe )as been ling do8n.PB
<ag 3
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 33/75
)oabular&
1.-@erb location #it sporting activities
Verb SportDoldorganisecompete inenterta#e part in " race a competitiona to&rnament a c)ampions)ip
@ota#e exercise
GoL Ooggingcclings#iings8imming8inds&rfing
<laLL :ootballgolfbas#etball
@oLLL /portsat)leticsgmnastics=&do8eig)tlifting
L for sports end in Ming are &s&all or often done o&tdoors
LLfor sports 8)ic) are considered games
LLLfor ot)er sports 8)ic) do not &se go or pla
2.-%cieve, carr o$t and devote
2.1 "c)ieve
/ignifica "lcanQar.
"c)ieve an aim, an ambition, an ob=ective, s&ccess
2.2 carr o&t
/ignifica c&mplir, realiQar, llevar a cabo.
arr o&t an improvement, an instr&ction, an order, researc), a test, a t)reat.
2.3 devote
/ignifica dedicarse, consagrarse.
@evote energ, one0s life, time
<ag 31
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 34/75
3.-"rrive, get and reac
arrive A+ atB verb to reac) a place, especiall at t)e end
of a =o&rne>
It 8as dar# b t)e time 8e arrived at t)e station.
No& arrive at a b&ilding or part of a b&ilding>
*e arrived at t)e t)eatre =&stas t)e pla 8as starting.
No& arrive in a to8n. cit or co&ntr>
*)en did o& arrive Fn 5ondon6
No& arrive )ome)ereIt)ere> *e arrived )ome esterda.
get A+ toB verb to reac) or arrive at a place>
lt o& get to t)e )otel before &s, =&st 8ait at reception.
No& get )ome)eret)ere>
*)at time does )e normal get )ome6
reac) verb to arrive at a place, especiall after spending
a long time or a lot of effort travelling>
*e finall reac)ed t)e )otel =&st after midnig)t.
It is not normall follo8ed b a preposition. lt is notnormall &sed 8it) )ere or t)ere.
4.- expressions for veicles/ail a s)ip
@rive a card
:lig)t a plane
(.-Ideomatic expressions"re partic&larl expression of a lang&age. /ome examples are>
%&bbed s)o&lders 8it) odearse con
Jeing t)ro8 in at t)e deep end e arro=aron a los leones.
:eeling a bit off-colo&r /entirse indisp&esto
Get to t)e bottom of it 5legar al final del as&nto
:eeling ver &nder t)e 8eat)er /entirse mal
(a#en abac# @esconcertado
<ag 32
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 35/75
*.-%void, prevent and protect. /ec& , control, &eep an ee on and
s$pervise.
revent verb to stop somet)ing from )appening or someone from doing somet)ing>
5abel o&r s&itcases to prevent conf&sion.
%void verb to sta a8a from someone or somet)ing>
*e left earl to avoid t)e traffic.
rotect verb to #eep someone or somet)ing sate from in=&r, damage or loss>
it0s important to protect o&r s#in from t)e )armf&l effects of t)e s&n.
/ec& verb to ma#e certain t)at somet)ing or someone is correct, safe or s&itable b examining it or t)em
9&ic#l>
No& s)o&ld al8as c)ec# o&r oil, 8ater and tres before ta#ing o&r car on a long trip. "fter I0d finis)ed t)e
exam, I c)ec#ed m ans8ers for mista#es.
$pervise verb to 8atc) a person or activit to ma#e certain t)at evert)ing is done correctl, safel, etc.>
()e U? is s&pervising t)e distrib&tion of aid b local agencies in t)e disaster area.
/ontrol verb to order, limit, instr&ctor r&le somet)ing. r someoneCs actions or be)avio&r>
lf o& can0t control o&r dog, p&t it on a leadK
()e temperat&re is controlled b a t)ermostat.
Aeep an ee on to 8atc) or loo# after somet)ing or someone>
*ill o& #eep o&r ee on m s&itcase 8)ile I go to get t)e tic#ets6
<ag 33
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 36/75
7.-pace, place, room, area, location an sB$are
pace ;<(N <5"; no&n R or US an empt area 8)ic) is available to be &sed>
Is t)ere an space for m clot)es in t)at c&pboardE6
place "%;" no&n RS an area. to8n, b&ilding. etc>
Der garden 8as a cool, pleasant place to sit.
RUS a s&itable area, b&ilding, sit&ation or occasion>
Universit is a great place for ma#ing ne8 friends.
)oom /<"; no&n R or US t)e amo&nt of space t)at
someone or somet)ing needs>
()at sofa 8o&ld ta#e &p too m&c) room Fn t)e flat.
%rea <5"; no&n R or US a partic&lar part of a place.
piece of land or co&ntr>
"ll areas of t)e co&ntr 8ill )ave some rain tonig)t.
=ocation </I(I? no&n R or US /5IGD(5N :%"5
a place or position>
()e )otel is in a lovel location overboo#ing t)e la#e." map s)o8ing t)e location at t)e propert 8ill be sent
to o&.
B$are /D"<; no&n RS an area of approximatel s9&are-s)aped land in a cit or a to8n. ften incl&ding
t)e b&ildings t)at s&rro&nd it>
" band 8ere plaing in t)e to8n s9&are.
<ag 34
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 37/75
.-=oo&, see or #atc
<ag 3$
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 38/75
0.-%cting, a$dience, performance, pla, p$blic, scene, spectator, stage
<ag 3'
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 39/75
1.-ta, spend, pass, ma&e, ca$se
<ag 37
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 40/75
11.-%lto$g, even to$g and despite of
<ag 3
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 41/75
12 >ce spea&ing vocab$lar
%greeing isagreeing Aeeping te
disc$ssion
moving
Involving
o$r partner
$ggesting
ideas:pec$lating
• ()at0s rig)t
• No&0re
rig)t
• Nes, andH
• I agree
• ()at0s tr&e
• ()at0s a
good idea
• /&re
•
Icompletel
agree 8it)
o&
• I t)in# so
too
• %ig)t
• f co&rse
• No& co&ld
be rig)t
• I0m not
s&re, I t)in#
• abe, b&t
• I don0t
reall agree
• ?o, b&t
• <ossibl
• ?o, I don0t
t)in# so
•
*ell, ot)ersmig)t sa
• "not)er
8a of
loo#ing at it
8o&ld be
• Nes, b&t
isn0t it
possible
t)at6
• J&t don0t
o& t)in#t)at
• I t)in# it
mig)t be
better to
• *)at abo&t
t)is
pict&re6
• 5et0s mo*e
on/ go on
to the ne+t
iture/se
ond
uestion
• /)all 8e
move on6• *) don0t
8e loo# at
• <er)aps 8e
s)o&ld loo#
at
• *)at do
o& t)in#6
• @o o&
agreeA8it)
meB6
• *)at abo&t
t)is
pict&re6
• I t)in#H
8)at abo&t
o&6
• *)0s t)at6
• Hdon0t o&
t)in#6
• *)at0s
o&r
opinion of6
• Do8 do
o& feel
abo&t6
• *)at areo&r vie8s
onH6
• @on0t o&
t)in# so6
• *o&ld o&
agree6
• *o&ld o&
go along
8it) t)at
• TTT,rig)
• <er)aps
• abe
• <eople mig)t
• I t)in#
• I believe
• *ell, in m
opinionH
• I fell
• I mean
•No& see
• ()e seem to
beH
• ()e co&ld beH
• It loo#s as ifH
• <robablH
• :or instancefor
exampleHs&c)
asH
• I s&pposeH
• ()e first pict&res)o8sH
• It0s
importantessenti
al toH
• It loo#s li#e
• I0d rat)er
• I prefer
• *)ereas
• In contrast
• *)ile
• I0d sa t)at
• It seems to me
t)at
• <er)aps 8e
s)o&ld
• Do8 abo&tH6
• :or one t)ing,
Afor anot)erHB
• ()e t)ing isH
• ()e problem is
t)atH
<ag 3!
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 42/75
nglish-anish 0ords
;nglis) /panis)absence a&sencia
ac)ieve alcanQar
agreement ac&erdo
allegiance lealtad, fidelidad
anger ira, clera, f&riaanno molestar, enfadar
appearance apariencia
as 8ell tambien
as 8ll as asi como
a8ard premio
a8are consciente
a8#8ard torpe, desgarbado,embaraQoso.
bac#8ards )acia atrVs
balcon balcon
bargain ganga, negociar, regatear,trato beat do8n vencer
be)ind detrVs, por detrVs
being t)ro8n in at t)e deep
poner a alg&ien en &na sit&ation para la 9&e no estas
preparado. ;s algo asW como me arro=aron a los leones
belief creencia
bent torcido, doblado
bitter amargo
borro8ed prestado,tomar prestado
bo8ling alle bolera
bra sosten
bran salvado Ade trigo, avena o arroQB
brand marca
bric#s ladrillos
brief breve
b&ll toro
call of s&spender,cancelar, desconvocar
canoeing#aa#ing )acer canoa o #aa#
canons caXones
career t& carrera profesional
careta#er conser=e
carr o&t c&mplir, realiQar, llevar a cabocatc) &p alcanQar, pillar, ponerse al dWa
caves c&evas
c)allenge desafio, reto
c)allenging desafiante
c)ase persec&cin, perseg&ir, seg&ir
c)asing persig&iendo
c)atter c)arla
c)ores tareas
clot)ed vestida
coac) entrenadorf collectcollector recolectarrecolector
comedcomediant comediacomediante
comm&te conm&tar
comp&lsor obligatorio, forQoso
cons<cons<ant cons<arcons<or
<ag 4
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 43/75<ag 41
;nglis) /panis)contestant conc&rsante
co&nter
mostrador, ventanilla, encimera,
arg&mentar,contrarestar, oponerse
co&ntrside campo,paisea=e
co&rt corte,trib&nal,corte=ar
c&re c&ra
c&stomar acost&mbradodaring atrevido
da8n amanecer
degree grado, licenciat&ra
delivering entrega
depend on depender de , confiar en
designdesigner diseXodiseXador
devote dedicar, consagrar
diagnose diagnosticar
dig into cavar en
disagreement desac&erdo
disappear desaparecer
disg&ises disfraces
dis)onest des)onesto
disli#e&nli#e
adversion, desagradar, no g&stardiferente,
distinto
dissatisfied&nsatisfied insatisfec)o,descontentoinsatisfec)o
diQQiness mareo
dress &p disfraQarse
dropping caida
d&ne d&na
ded teXidoearl races primeras carreras
encampment campamento
ens&re aseg&rar
errand recado, encargo
examination
examinar A)acer &n examen medico para ver
como estVB
ex)ilarating estim&lante
eesig)t vista
fading desvanecimiento
far more m&c)o mVsfeeling a bit off-colo&r sentirse indisp&esto
feeling sorr compadeciendose
feeling ver &nder t)e 8eat)er estar o sentirse enfermo
fell off ca
fetc) traer
fire8ood leXa
fl& gripe
forearm antebraQo
for8ards adelante
from time to time de veQ en c&ando
f&ll completamentegat)er ro&nd agr&par
gest&re gesto
get involve conseg&ir invol&car
get to t)e bottom of it llegar al fondo del as&nto
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 44/75
;nglis) /panis)girl abo&t to8n c)ica por la ci&dad
gorgeo&s maravilloso
grab agarrar, arrebatar, apropiarse,coger
grand magnifico
grocer tienda de comestibles
grocer list lista de la compra
)and to an bod entregar algo)andrails pasamanos
)arm daXo
)ead o&t 5ibre, abs&elto
)eal sanar
)elicopterc)opper )elicoptero
)i-tec) alta tecnologia
)o&se)old familiar, gente, domYstico, casa
)o&sing estate &rbaniQacion
)&g abraQo
)&ge enorme
I long for de da el an)eno del diaic )elado
idiomatic idiomaticoAconcreto de &n idiomaB
idiomatic expressions expresiones idiomaticas Apropias de ese idiomaB
immeas&rabl inconmes&rablemente
impatient impaciente
improvement me=ora
in a 8a de &na manera, de la forma
in time a tiempo
inabilitdisabilit incapacidaddiscapacidad
income s&eldo, ingresosinexperienced inexperto
informal informal
intonation entonacion
involve invol&clar, impliar, envolver,acarretar
isolate aislarse,separar, apartar
=&mbled embarr&llada
#neeling arrodillado
lac# of falta, carencia, escaceQ
land on aterriQar
la&nc)es presentacin, lanQamiento, estrenar
leant for8ard inclinado )acia delante
led t)em los llevo
leg room espacio para las piernas
lend prestar
lengt) of career aXos de experiencia66
let off de=ar salir
lie mentira
lift levantar, elevar
lips labios
ma#es)ift improvisado
marc) marc)amatc) cerilla, partido, combinar, ig&alar, enfrentarse
<ag 42
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 45/75
/panis) ;nglis)melt f&ndir, derretir
middle aged de mediana edad
mirror espe=o, refle=ar
misdiagnosed mal diagnosticados
misinform informal mal
mismatc)ed coinciden
misspell deletrear malmist niebla
mis&nderstand entender mal
mis&se mal &so
mold molde, moldear
motormotorist motormotorista
narro8l avoid evitar por poco
nearb cercano
nearb popping ap&nto de estallar
neig)bo&r)ood barrio
nerve-8rac#ing extresante, tenso, 9&e te pone nervioso
not)ing o&t of t)e ordinar nada f&era de lo comZnnovelnovelist novelanovelista
n&mb ent&mecimiento
on time a tiempo
o&tlet salida, escape, canal, tienda de desc&ento
o&t8eig)
sobrepeso, sobrepasarApor e=emplo las venta=as sobrepasan
las desventa=asB
oversimplif simplificar demasiado
pace el ritmo
parade desfile
parasailing paracaidas atado a &na barca pen<imate pen<imo
perform c&mplir, representar, llevar a cabo,realiQar
performance
representacion, act&acion, desempeXo,c&mplimiento,
rendimiento
performers artistas
performing act&ando
performing in plas act&ando en obras
poc#et mone paga semanal Adinero de bolsilloB
pond estan9&e, c)arca, vivero
povert pobreca, escased,carencia, necesidad
po8der polvos, espolvorear
practising doctors doctores en practica
prescribe preescribir
pric# pinc)aQo
p&ll o&t extraer
p&nis) castigar
p&rc)ase compra, ad9&isicin.
p&rs&e perseg&ir, seg&ir,prosegir,contin&ar
9&ite li#e 9&e se pareQca
raincoat impermeable, c)&vas9&ero
react reacionar ref&geref&gee ref&=ioref&giados
ref&se rec)aQar
regarded considerado
<ag 43
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 46/75
;nglis) /panis)remain permaneces, 9&edarse, contin&ar
rene8 renovar
researc)researc)er investigacioninvestigador
rope c&erda
ro&g) Vspero, irreg&lar
ro&g) cop copia en s&cio
ro&nded arc) arco de medio p&ntor&b frotar, restregar
r&bbed s)o&lders 8it) codearse con
r&bber ca&c)o, goma de borrer
r&bbing m ees frotarse los o=os
r&bbing t)e sleep from m ees 9&itarse las legaXas
r&n past pasar corriendo
r&s)ed acelerado, apres&rado
r&s)ed off t)eir feet
[darse prisa en )acer algo6, van volando a todos
sitios6
sac# saco
safe and so&nd sano salvosalar salario
salessalesmansales8omansalesperson vendervended\r
sample m&estra
sampling m&estreo
scenar escenario
scener paisa=es
score p&nt&acin, partit&ra
scratc) rasg&Xo, araXaQo, rascar, araXarse,rascarse,raar
screening proeccin
selfless desinteresadoset a record establecer &n record
s)a#ing sac&dida
s)elter ref&=io
s)o8 off pres&mir, )acer alarde de
s)&tters persianas
sic# note ba=a medica
sleeping bags sacos de dormir
slig)test menor
slig)tl ligeramente
smas)ing rompiendo
specialspecialist especialespecialista
spill o&t derramarse
spite ofdespite of a pesar de
spoils arr&inar, ec)ar a perder,malcriar,
spontaneo&s espontaneo
spot l&gar,manc)a,granito,sitio
stain manc)a
stare mirar fi=amente
starting off partiendo
steep empinado
step a)ead paso por delantesting picad&ra
stir removerA el cafY, &n te, la sopaHB
<ag 44
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 47/75
;nglis) /panis)stores plantas
streams riac)&elo, corriente
street performers artistas calle=eros
str&ggling l&c)ando
s&bscribe s&bscribirse, abonarse
s&ccess Yxito
s&c) as tal comos&dden repentino
s&it all tastes para todos los g&stos
s&nb&rnt bronceado
s&ndress vestido de verano
s&nset p&esta de sol, ocaso
s&rger cir&gia
s&rvives&rvivor sobrevivirs&perviviente
s&spicio&s s&spicaQ
s8ept barrio
s8&ng girada
ta#e a brea# )acer &n descansota#e off despegar, apartar,9&itarse
ta#e &p
darsele a &no por )acer algo, empeQar a )acer algo, &n
deporte, a est&diar &n n&evo idioma,re9&erir
ta#e o&r ees off 9&itar la vista
ta#en abac# desconcertado
tangled enredado
tanned bronceado, c&rtido
tear lagrima, rasgar,desgarrar, arrancar
tent tienda
t)reat amenaQat)&s asi
tie atar, amarrar
tied atado
tons montones
trade comercio
trapped atrapado
treat trato,tratar
treatment tratamiento, trato, c&ra
trembling temblor, estremecimiento
trop) trofeo
tr o&t pr&eba, probar, )acer &na pr&eba
t&rn a8a rec)aQar, despedir, no aceptar
t&rn do8n rec)aQar
t&rned to faced me se volvio a mi
t8ilig)t crep&sc&lo, ocaso
&nanno&nced an&nciado
&na8are insconciente
&ncertain incierto
&nderstand entender
&ndresses desvestirse
&neas in9&ieto&n)appiness infelicidad
&n)elpf&l poco &til
<ag 4$
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 48/75
;nglis) /panis)&npredictable imprevisible
&nreliable poco fiable
&ntie desatar
&n8illing reacio
&p8ard )acia arriba
vaccination vac&nar
vantage venta=a
8al# off
ale=arse andando, ale=arse caminando,Ap&ede ser tambien
llevarse en el sentido de robarB
8ard sala, p&pilo, g&arda
8arn advertir, avisar, prevenir
8aving m arms agitar los braQos
8ee#l allo8ance paga semanal Adinero de bolsilloB
8)atever c&ar9&ier
8)enever siempre 9&e
8)erever donde sea
8)et)er si AcondicionalB
8)ile8)ereas mientras8ide-brimmed ala anc)a
8ill vol&ntad, deseo, estamento
8illing complaciente
8it)in dentro, dentro de
8ooden de madera
8or#o&t entrenamiento
8rin#led arr&gado
Qip cremallera, pasar volando
;dge Jorde, canto, las af&eras
/c)ed&led programada
*al#8as
<asarela peatonal, cinta transportadoraA como la de los
aerop&ertos, 9&e parece &na escalera mecVnicaB
%elief "livio,asistenciaAde socorrer a alg&ienB
@eliver entrega
o&ts#irts 5as af&eras, cercanias,alrededores
:oreigners ;xtran=ero
]ip 8ire tirolina
@iN s)op (iendas como lero merlWn, ba&)o&se
Dard8are store ferreterWa
@i DVgalo &sted mismo, bricola=e
<oc#et mone asignacin
*ee#l allo8ance "signacin Apaga semanalB
/mart-arsesmartarsesmartass /abelotodo,listillo,arrogante
*ise g& 5istillo, sabiondo
n t)e tip of m tong&e ;n la p&nta de la leng&a
om&nin com&nin
&n8ind rela=arse
Oigsa8 <&QQle, rompecabeQas
Great minds t)in# ali#e 5as grandes mentes piensan ig&al
" pain in t)e nec# ;s algo asW como &n grano en el c&lo
(o set someone &p to fail ;xiges demasiado )aces 9&e alg&ien fracase(o pace o&rselft " t& ritmo
<ag 4'
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 49/75
;nglis) /panis)Jland /aborWo
distracted @espistado
?&mb t)e pain [")ogar las penas6, aliviar del dolor, el dolor desaparece
<ag 47
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 50/75
hrasal *erbs
<r)asal verb @escription<&ll in Atraer, llamar la atenci+n
<ic# &p Recoger a alguien&t do8n AonB red&cir
<op into Pasar un segundo, echarse en cima
ome &p against Inventarse, elaborar, conseguir, vrselas con alguien
*ear o&t Agotar, cansar, fatigar
ater for Abastecer, roveer-
Dang aro&nd 8it) Pasar el rato con alguien
ome &p 8it) Prooner, sugerir
(a#e over Encargarse, .uedarse a cargo
Je &p to 'er caa/ de hacer algo
)ill o&t Rela"arse, calmarse
Dead o&t #ibre , absuelto
5et off De"ar salir
<&ll o&t E0traer
/)o8 off Presumir, hacer alarde de
/tart off Partir, eme/ar
/pill o&t Derramarse
(a#e off Desegar, aartar, .uitarse
(a#e &pDarsele a alguien or hacer algo, eme/ar a hacer algo,1un
deorte, a estudiar un nuevo idioma2
(r o&t Prueba, robar, hacer una rueba
(&rn a8a Recha/ar, desedir, no acetar
(&rn do8n Recha/ar
*al# off Ale"arse andando, ale"arse caminado 1uede ser tambin
llevarse en el sentido de robar2-
5ie a8a#ela a8a#e 3o oder dormir-
all off cancelar
<ag 4
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 51/75
hrasal *erbs nglish *ersion
<r)asal verb @escription<&ll in "ttract
<ic# &p ollect or to go and get someone or somet)ing
&t do8nAonB
@o less of somet)ing or &se somet)ing in smaller
amo&nts
<op into Go into a place or visit for a s)ort time
ome &p against Dave to deal 8it) a problem
*ear o&t a#e someone extremel tired
ater for
<rovide 8)at is 8anted or needed b someone or
somet)ing
Dang aro&nd 8it) /pend time 8it) someone
ome &p 8it) /&ggest or t)in# of an idea or plan
(a#e over (a#e control of occ&p
Je &p to Je doing somet)ing
)ill o&t %elax ompletelDead o&t 5eave, start a =o&rne
5et off (o allo8 to go 8it)o&t p&nis)ment
<&ll o&t extract, remove
/)o8 off be)ave boastf&ll
/pill o&t overflo8
/tart off Jegin, set off
(a#e off remove
(a#e &p /tart a )obb, a ne8 c)allenge
(r o&t /ample, experience, test
(&rn a8a %e=ect, ref&se, den
(&rn do8n @ecline, ref&se
*al# off Go a8a on foot
<ag 4!
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 52/75
eriios & soluiones
<ag $
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 53/75<ag $1
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 54/75<ag $2
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 55/75<ag $3
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 56/75<ag $4
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 57/75<ag $$
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 58/75<ag $'
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 59/75<ag $7
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 60/75<ag $
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 61/75<ag $!
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 62/75<ag '
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 63/75<ag '1
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 64/75<ag '2
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 65/75<ag '3
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 66/75<ag '4
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 67/75<ag '$
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 68/75<ag ''
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 69/75<ag '7
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 70/75<ag '
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 71/75<ag '!
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 72/75
Although, desite, in site of, however4 grammar e0ercise
/omplete te follo#ing sentences.
1. *e 8ent o&t HHHHHHHHHH.. t)e rain.
aB in spite of bB )o8ever cB alt)o&g)
2. *e 8ent o&t HHHHHHHHHH. it rained.
aB despite bB alt)o&g) cB )o8ever
3. /)e 8ent on 8or#ing HHHHHHHHH.. s)e 8as tired.
aB alt)o&g) bB despite cB eit)er co&ld be &sed )ere
4. /)e 8ent on 8or#ing HHHHHHHHHH.. t)e fact t)at s)e 8as tired.
aB despite bB )o8ever cB alt)o&g)
$. HHHHHHHH.. s)e is a nice girl, I don0t 9&ite li#e )er.
aB alt)o&g) bB despite cB )o8ever
'. HHHHHHHHH. expensive, it 8as a good 8atc).
aB )o8ever bB alt)o&g) cB despite
7. I didn0t li#e t)e film. HHHHHHHHHH., everbod else seemed to en=o it.
aB )o8ever bB despite cB eit)er co&ld be &sed )ere
. HHHHHHHHH. I didn0t li#e t)e film, everbod else seemed to en=o it.
aB alt)o&g) bB )o8ever cB eit)er co&ld be &sed )ere
!. *e managed to do it HHHHHHHHHHH.. )e 8asn0t t)ere.
aB )o8ever bB alt)o&g) cB eit)er co&ld be &sed )ere
1. *e managed to do it, HHHHHHHHHH.. t)e fact t)at )e 8as not t)ere.
aB alt)o&g) bB despite cB )o8ever
%ns#ers
1. *e 8ent o&t in spite of t)e rain.
2. *e 8ent o&t alto$g it rained.
3. /)e 8ent on 8or#ing alto$g s)e 8as tired.
4. /)e 8ent on 8or#ing despite t)e fact t)at s)e 8as tired.
$. %lto$g s)e is a nice girl, I don0t 9&ite li#e )er.
'. %lto$g expensive, it 8as a good 8atc).
<ag 7
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 73/75
7. I didn0t li#e t)e film, o#ever, everbod else seemed to en=o it.
. %lto$g I didn0t li#e t)e film, everbod else seemed to en=o it.
!. *e managed to do it alto$g )e 8asn0t t)ere.
1. *e managed to do it despite t)e fact t)at )e 8asn0t t)ere.
%ead more at )ttp>888.englis)practice.com9&iQspite-grammar-exercise^*vIat3*Qs_/b')r.!!
<ag 71
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 74/75
)oose C)o8ever0, Calt)o&g)0 or Cdespite0>
1.
TTTTTTTTTTT t)e rain, 8e still 8ent to t)e par#.
2.
TTTTTTTTTTT it 8as raining, 8e still 8ent to t)e par#.
3.
It 8as raining. TTTTTTTTTTT, 8e
still 8ent to t)e par#.
4.Oo)n bo&g)t t)e 8atc), TTTTTTTTTTT t)e fact t)at it 8as expensive.
$.
Oo)n bo&g) t)e 8atc). TTTTTTTTTTT, it 8as expensive.
'.
TTTTTTTTTTT it 8as expensive, Oo)n bo&g)t t)e 8atc).
7.
I finis)ed t)e )ome8or#. It, TTTTTTTTTTT, 8asn0t eas.
.
I fi
nis)ed t)e )ome8or#, TTTTTTTTTTT it 8asn0t eas.
!. TTTTTTTTTTT t)e fact t)at it 8asn0t eas, I finis)ed t)e )ome8or#.
1.
/)e 8ent for a long 8al#, TTTTTTTTTTT being cold.
11.
TTTTTTTTTTT s)e 8as cold, s)e 8ent for a long 8al#.
12.
/)e 8as cold. /)e 8ent for a long 8al#
, TTTTTTTTTTT.
13.
()e resta&rant )as a good rep&tation. TTTTTTTTTTT, t)e food 8as terrible.
14.
TTTTTTTTTTT t)e resta&rant0s good rep&tation, t)e food 8as terrible.
1$.
TTTTTTTTTTT t)e resta&rant )as a good rep&tation, t)e food 8as terrible.
<ag 72
7/25/2019 Teoria7-14
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 75/75
5in#ing *ords ;xercise 1
"ns8ers>
1.
@espite t)e rain, 8e still 8ent to t)e par#.
2.
"lt)o&g) it 8as raining, 8e still 8ent to t)e par#.
3.
It 8as raining. Do8ever, 8e still 8ent to t)e par#.
4.Oo)n bo&g)t t)e 8atc), despite t)e fact t)at it 8as expensive.
$.
Oo)n bo&g) t)e 8atc). Do8ever, it 8as expensive.
'.
"lt)o&g)
) it 8as expensive, Oo)n bo&g)t t)e 8atc).
7.
I finis)ed t)e )ome8or#. It, )o8ever, 8asn0t eas.
.
I finis)ed t)e )ome8or#, alt)o&g) it 8asn0t easK
!.@espite t)e fact t)at it 8asn0t eas, I finis)ed t)e )ome8or#.
1.
/)e 8ent for a long 8al#, despite being cold.
11.
"lt
"lt)o&g) s)e 8as cold, s)e 8ent for a long 8al#.
12.
/)e 8as cold. /)e 8ent for a long 8al#, )o8ever.
13.
()e resta&rant )as a good rep&tation. Do8ever, t)e food 8as terrible.
14.
@espite t)e resta&rant0s good rep&tation, t)e food 8as terrible.
1$.
"lt)o&g) t)e resta&rant )as a good rep&tation, t)e food 8as terrible