tendencias globales para reducir, reutilizar, reciclar y rep - direcciones de las políticas...
TRANSCRIPT
Tendencias globales para Reducir, Reutilizar, Reciclar y REP - direcciones de laspolíticas públicas y respuesta de la industria
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What this presentation will cover
A little about Reclay StewardEdge
Why waste management has become a global issue
How this is affecting government policy and legislation
Brief summaries of key global examples
Perspective on the Chile law project
About Reclay Group
Founded in 2002
Headquartered in Cologne, Germany
280 employees worldwide
Turnover: 170 Million EUR in 2012 (115 billion CLP)
Since 2012 majority shareholder of Reclay StewardEdge, Toronto, Canada
Subsidiaries/offices in Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Switzerland
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Our expertise
Extensive experience designing, implementing and operating recovery and recycling programs for used products and packaging. This includes:
o Designing effective policy frameworks reflecting local conditions
o Establishing mechanisms for effective implementation of packaging and product recycling programs
o Partnering with key stakeholders to successfully manage industry schemes from program design to material trading
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Reclay Group Consulting& Program Experience
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2 billion New Urban Residents by 2030, 3 Billion by 2050
Reference: World Urbanization Prospects, 2011 Revision (United Nations, 2012)
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Cities are adding 1,500,000 Residents each Week
Shenzen in 1987 Shenzen today
Reference: WHAT A WASTE: A GLOBAL REVIEW OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, World Bank, 2012
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Global Peak Waste Likely not Before 2100 -Enormous Growth is Coming
Reference: WHAT A WASTE: A GLOBAL REVIEW OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, World Bank, 2012
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Waste management costs are increasing
Biggest proportional increase in low (and low-middle) income nations
Total now = $205 billion
Total in 2025 = $376 billion
Reference: WHAT A WASTE: A GLOBAL REVIEW OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, World Bank, 2012
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Waste management has become a global problem
Search for “Global Solutions” is on
Six “big ideas” for accelerating reduction, reuse & recycling
1. Promote “best practices”
2. Green taxes
3. Tradable credits
4. Collaborative consumption
5. Circular economy
6. Extended Producer Responsibility
Common objective to scale up perceived 3Rs best practices
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Access to goods and skills without ownership
Collaborative Consumption
Product-service systems for sharing or renting of a product
Redistribution markets, which enable the sale and reuse of a product
Collaborative lifestyles in which assets and skills can be shared
Lower costs, less waste, and community building
Credit: City of Melbourne
Credit: City of Melbourne
Credit: City of Melbourne
Credit: City of Melbourne
Circular Economy Framework
The Circular Economy
Natural Economy
Closed Loop
Resource Efficiency
Industrial Ecology
Cradle-to-Cradle
Embodies Different Sustainability Concepts &
Philosophies
The Circular Economy
Informal Sector
Voluntary Industry
Initiatives
Landfill Bans
EPR
Deposit Laws
Enables Different Tools & Mechanisms
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The Circular Economy
Reference: Towards the Circular Economy – McKinsey & Company for The Ellen MacArthur Foundation
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Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is, according to OECD (2001), an environmental policy approach in which a producer's responsibility, physical and/or financial, for a product is extended to the post-consumer stage of a product's life cycle. A wide range of EPR models have been implemented globally.
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Beverage Container Deposit LegislationUsed Packaging Management Initiatives
1990No Waste Packaging or Product Stewardship Legislation
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V
Vv
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V
V
V
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Used Packaging Management Initiatives
2000
Container Packaging Taxes
Beverage Container Deposit Legislation
Packaging Waste Legislation & Product Stewardship in Place
Industry-led Voluntary Recycling20
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Used Packaging Management Initiatives
2013
Proposed/Expected
Packaging Waste Legislation & Product Stewardship in Place
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Malta
Poland
Romania
Cyprus
Greece
Latvia
Bulgaria
Slovenia
Hungary
Finland
France
Estonia
Lithuania
Slovakia
Sweden
Portugal
Spain
Luxembourg
UK
Italy
Ireland
Austria
Czech Rep.
Germany
Netherlands
Belgium
Denmark
Country Performance: Overall Recycling Quotas in 2009(%)
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Typical Recycling Model Operated in Europe
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EMPRESASAportan una cuota segúnlos envases que pongan
en el mercado En CC.AA. donde esté autorizado el SIG
El SIG paga el coste adicional de la recogida
selectiva y apoya las acciones de sensibilización
hacia los ciudadanos
CC.AA.Convenios Marco
ENTIDADES LOCALESConvenios de Colaboración
Las entidades locales pueden adherirse a los Convenios Marco firmados con CC.AA.
Convenio directo
Los ciudadanos separan en elhogar y depositan los residuos
en contenedores específicos
Recogida selectivaA cargo de las entidades
locales
Planta de selección
por tipo de material
Valorizaciónenergética
Reciclado
Nuevos envasesy/o productos
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Rechazo
Recauda Y Administra
S I G
Funcionamiento del Sistema Integrados de Gestión (SIG)
white-washed symbols = program proposed or under consideration
full-colour symbols = program in place or pending
see inset
2012 Status
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EPR Programs in Canada
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Case Study Ontario
900,000 square kms.
12.7M population
4.4M households
500 municipalities
• Organized into 120 regional recycling programs
95% of single family homes with recycling services
~25% of multi-family units served
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Ontario’s Blue Box Program Plan (BBPP)
Brand Owners & first importers are “producers”
Producers fund 50% approved net cost of municipal residential Blue Box programs
• Shared responsibility approach
Blue Box Waste defined as:
• Glass, metal, paper, plastic & textiles or any combination of above
Producers report on and pay for amount & type of printed paper & packaging they supply into the market
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Total Responsabilidad del Sector Público
Total Responsabilidad del Sector Privado
Responsabilidad Compartida
Manejo Estatal
Financiado a traves de impuestos
Servicio público
Manejo privado
Financiado a traves de aportes de los productores
Sistema independiente
Manejo compartido
Financiación publico-privada
Acción conjunta municipalidades- sector privado
Sistemas de Gestión de Envases Post-Consumo
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Total Responsabilidad del Sector Público
Total Responsabilidad del Sector Privado
Responsabilidad Compartida
Sistemas de Gestión de Envases Post-Consumo
Consumidor paga y el gobierno maneja el sistema
No incentivos para mejorar caracteristicas del envase por parte del productor
Productor paga y es responsible de la operación del sistema
El productor esta motivado en realizar mejoras en el empaque usado
El productor paga parte del costo total del sistema
El productor y el consumidor/gobierno local tienenen el incentivo de mejorar la eficiencia del programa de reciclaje
The Essence of “EPR”
Internalizing Costs Producer Management Level Playing Field Regulatory Oversight
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What are the Key Drivers of EPR? EPR a reflection of broader transition underway
Quantifying environmental impacts Internalizing these costs to producers & users
Driven by converging forces Government systemic financial stress Commercial pressures for greater transparency along the supply
chain Securing supplies of key strategic materials Policy innovation & adoption across the OECD
Recognition that cradle-to-cradle management essential to sustainability
Social license to grow
La Importancia de los Recolectores de Base
A nivel mundial millones de recolectores de base retiran manualmente material reciclable destinado a rellenos:
India: 1.5 millones (2010), en su mayoría mujeres y grupos marginados Colombia: 18,000 (?) “recicladores” Uruguay: 15,000 “clasificadores” Argentina: 42,000 “cartoneros” Brasil: 229,000 “catadores”
Realizan la separación del material reciclado que es vendido en los mercados globales
Con frecuencia trabajan en condiciones de riesgo
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“¿Puede sentirse orgulloso de esta cadena de valor?”
El Reto: Integración de los Recolectores de Base a la Economía Formal
Antes
Después 34
Will the Chile EPR law meet its objectives?
Should EPR be integrated into comprehensive general waste law? Are legislators also prepared to:
Require households to pay for waste management services? Make recycling mandatory? Ban priority materials from final disposal?
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Can Chile “de-link” economic growth & waste?
Reference: WHAT A WASTE: A GLOBAL REVIEW OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, World Bank, 2012
