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Pembelian Basket/Lump-Sum

Ilustrasi:PT Indo membeli $120,000 tanah dan bangunan. Tanah dan bangunan dinilai masing-masing $50,000 dan $75,000. Berapa alokasi nilai tanah dan bangunan di Neraca?

Appraisal Value

Relative Fair Value

Total Cost

Allocated Cost

Land 50.000 50/125 X 120.000 = 48.000

Building 75.000 75/125 x 120.000 = 72.000

Total 125.000 120.000

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Deferred PaymentsPT Xena membeli peralatan dengan menerbitkan wesel tanpa bunga $10,000, 5 th. Pembayaran tiap akhir tahun $2,000, tk suku bunga pasar 12%.

Equipment ($2,000 x 3.604776) 7,210Discount on Notes Payable 2,790 Notes Payable 10,000

Assets Acquired by DonationPemda X mendonasikan tanah senilai $20,000 ke Klemme Company.

Land 20,000 Donated Capital 20,000

Deferred Payments & Donation

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Self-Constructed Assets

When self-constructing an asset, two accounting issues must be addressed:

1.Overhead allocation to the self-constructed asset.

• Incremental overhead only• Full-cost approach

2.Proper treatment of interest incurred during construction

When self-constructing an asset, two accounting issues must be addressed:

1.Overhead allocation to the self-constructed asset.

• Incremental overhead only• Full-cost approach

2.Proper treatment of interest incurred during construction

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RestorationAsset with Significant Restoration Costs at RetirementBryan Beach Company purchases and builds an oil platform at a total cost of $750,000.Oil Platform 750,000 Cash 750,000

The oil platform will be in use for 10 years, at which time Bryan Beach is legally obligated to ensure that the platform is dismantled (at a cost of $100,000).Oil Platform 46,319 Asset Retirement Obligation 46,319FV = $100,000; i = 8%; N = 10 years

Record at fair value, usually thepresent value of future cash outflows associated with the

reclamation or restoration.

Record at fair value, usually thepresent value of future cash outflows associated with the

reclamation or restoration.

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Occurs when onecompany buys

another company.

The amount by which thepurchase price exceeds the fair

market value of net assets acquired.

Only purchased goodwill is an

intangible asset.

Goodwill

Goodwill

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PT Era membayar $1,000,000 untuk membeli semua aset PT Jery dan asumsikan kewajiban PT Jery $200,000. Aktiva PT Jery dinilai berdasarkan

harga wajar $900,000.

PT Era membayar $1,000,000 untuk membeli semua aset PT Jery dan asumsikan kewajiban PT Jery $200,000. Aktiva PT Jery dinilai berdasarkan

harga wajar $900,000.

Goodwill

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What amount of goodwill should be recorded on Eddy Company books?

a. $100,000b. $200,000c. $300,000d. $400,000

What amount of goodwill should be recorded on Eddy Company books?

a. $100,000b. $200,000c. $300,000d. $400,000

Berapa nilai Goodwill di buku PT Era?

a. $100,000b. $200,000c. $300,000d. $400,000

Berapa nilai Goodwill di buku PT Era?

a. $100,000b. $200,000c. $300,000d. $400,000

FMV of Assets 900,000$ Debt Assumed 200,000

FMV of Net Assets 700,000$ Purchase Price 1,000,000

Goodwill 300,000$

Goodwill

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Goodwill

Items Book value Fair valueAssetsCash 50.000 50.000Net receivables 150.000 140.000Inventories 200.000 250.000Land 50.000 100.000Buildings - net 300.000 500.000Equipments - net 250.000 350.000Patents - 50.000Total assets 1.000.000 1.440.000LiabilitiesAccounts payable 60.000 60.000Notes payable 150.000 135.000Other liabilities 40.000 45.000Total liabilities 250.000 240.000

PT Patra Jasa mengakuisisi net asset milik PT Silver Queen dalam suatu proses kombinasi bisnis pada 27 Desember 2005. Aktiva dan kewajiban milik PT Silver Queen: Kondisi 1: Goodwill; cost/purchase price > fair

value of identifiable net assets; PT Patra Jasa membayar kas $1,400,000 aktiva bersih milik PT SQ:

Goodwill = $200,000 ($1,400,000 cost - $1,200,000 identifiable net asset).

CashNet receivablesInventoriesLandBuildingsEquipmentPatentsGoodwill

50.000140.000250.000100.000500.000350.000

50.000200.000

Accounts payableNotes payableOther liabilitiesCash

60.000135.000

45.0001.400.000

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Kondisi 2: Goodwill negative; cost/purchase price < fair value of identifiable net assets; PT Patra Jasa membeli aktiva bersih PT SQ $1,000,000:

GoodwillCashNet receivablesInventoriesLandBuildingsEquipmentsPatents

50.000140.000250.000

80.000400.000280.000

40.000

Accounts payableNotes payableOther liabilitiesCash

60.000135.000

45.0001.000.000

Fair value of the identifiable net assets $1,200,000 > cost/purchase price $1,000,000, jadi kelebihan $200,000 harus dialokasikan ke noncurrent assets, kecuali LT investment in securities, sebagai berikut:

Items Fair value of Dikurangi 20% dr Aplik ke noncurrent assets kelebihan *) noncurrent assets

Land 100.000 20.000 80.000Buildings 500.000 100.000 400.000Equipment 350.000 70.000 280.000Patents 50.000 10.000 40.000Total 1.000.000 200.000 800.000

*) hitungan:

Land (100.000/1.000.000) x 200.000 = 20.000Buildings (500.000/1.000.000) x 200.000 = 100.000Equipment (350.000/1.000.000) x 200.000 = 70.000Patents (50.000/1.000.000) x 200.000 = 10.000

Total 200.000

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LS 1 PerolehanPT Gracia memiliki 2 pembelian PPE sebagai berikut: Tanah seharga Rp37 juta. Closing cost Rp2,8 juta dan biaya perubuhan gudang Rp21 juta. Bangunan, tanah, dan mesin seharga Rp460 juta. Estimasi fair valuenya: bangunan Rp330 juta,

tanah Rp99 juta, dan mesin Rp121 juta.Diminta: Hitunglah dan sajikan komposisi PPE milik PT Gracia!

LS 2 PerolehanSelama tahun 2005, PT mengakuisisi tanah di Blok G-H Kompleks Bintaro Nanpermai senilai Rp1,125 milyar. Harga ini termasuk sebidang tanah yang didaftarkan oleh PT ke pialang real estat untuk dijual kemudian senilai Rp250 juta dan sebidang tanah ditahan untuk digunakan pada masa mendatang Rp200 juta. Biaya lain yang timbul adalah biaya pembersihan tanah Rp16,44 juta dan perijinan Rp60,75 juta. Selama pembersihan tanah, rongsokan material (koral) laku dijual seharga Rp6,25 juta. Di samping tanah, PT memiliki mesin yang terdiri atas Mesin A dan Mesin B. Mesin A dibeli berdasarkan harga faktur senilai Rp250 juta dengan term of payment 3/10, n/30. Diskon pembelian oleh PT tidak dimanfaatkan/diambil. Biaya instalasi dan uji coba (trial runs) mesin ini masing-masing Rp10.250.000,00 dan Rp2.540.000,00. Selama instalasi, terjadi kerusakan yang tidak diasuransikan sebesar Rp1.240.750,00. Mesin B diperoleh berdasarkan kontrak royalty yang mensyaratkan pembayaran royalty berdasarkan unit produksi mesin. Harga faktur sebelum diskon 2% atas mesin adalah Rp180 juta, ongkos angkut Rp2,2 juta, ongkos perijinan Rp1,5 juta, dan pembayaran royalty tahun 2002 sebesar Rp13 juta. Diminta: Buatlah ayat jurnal akuisisi tanah, Mesin A, dan Mesin B.

LS 3 Cost of Specific Plant ItemsSoal pada buku teks Ed. 16: Ex. 10-20 p. 585.

Tugas (Soal Ditulis)

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Capitalized Interest Borrowing cost mesih diperdebatkan, dibebankan

segera (immediate expensing), atau dikapitalisasi. IAS 23: Borrowing costs that are directly

attributable to the acquisition, construction, or production of a qualifying asset are to be capitalized as part of the cost of that asset.

Tujuan kapitalisasi tersebut: Mendapatkan biaya investasi aktiva original

yang lebih akurat; Mencapai penandingan yang lebih baik atas

biaya yang ditangguhkan dengan pendapatannya di periode mendatang.

Rasionalisasi: Mengapa bunga dapat dikapitalisasi ke aset?

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Under certain conditions, avoidable interest incurred on qualifying assets is

capitalized.

Under certain conditions, avoidable interest incurred on qualifying assets is

capitalized.

… the amount that could have been voided if expenditures for the asset

had not been made.

… the amount that could have been voided if expenditures for the asset

had not been made.

Qualifying assets are assets that take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use. Examples:A toll bridge that takes a couple of years

to construct before it is ready for use and is opened to the public;

A power plant that takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use;

Qualifying assets are assets that take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use. Examples:A toll bridge that takes a couple of years

to construct before it is ready for use and is opened to the public;

A power plant that takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use;

Interest Capitalization

Inventories that are routinely manufactured or are produced on a

repetitive basis over a short period of time are obviously not qualifying assets.

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Interest is capitalized based on Average Accumulated Expenditures (AAE).

Interest is capitalized based on Average Accumulated Expenditures (AAE).

Examples include: Cash payments for

construction Transfer of other assets Incurrence of interest-

bearing liabilities

Examples include: Cash payments for

construction Transfer of other assets Incurrence of interest-

bearing liabilities

Qualifying expenditures weighted for the number of months outstanding during

the current accounting period.

Qualifying expenditures weighted for the number of months outstanding during

the current accounting period.

Interest Capitalization

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If the qualifying asset is financed through a

specific new borrowing .. .

If the qualifying asset is financed through a

specific new borrowing .. .

. . . use the specific rate of the new borrowing as the

capitalization rate.

. . . use the specific rate of the new borrowing as the

capitalization rate.

If the qualifying asset is internally financed . . .

If the qualifying asset is internally financed . . .

. . . use the weighted average cost of debt as the capitalization rate.

. . . use the weighted average cost of debt as the capitalization rate.

Interest Capitalization

Borrowing CostsYakni biaya bunga dan biaya lain terkait dengan pinjaman dana, misalnya short-term borrowings (bank overdrafts and notes payable), long-term borrowings (term loans and real estate mortgages), dan biaya lainnya seperti:

Amortization of discounts or premiums relating to borrowings; Amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement or borrowings; Exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are

regarded as an adjustment to interest costs; Finance charges in respect of finance leases recognized in accordance with IAS 17, Leases.

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Borrowing Costs

PT membangun hotel diharapkan usai 3,5 tahun, didanai dari penerbitan obligasi Rp7 M, 12% per tahun. Biaya penerbitan obligasi 1,5%. Apakah hotel tersebut memenuhi qualifying assets? Kalau iya, • a. Interest on $7 million bond = $7,000,000 ×12% =

$840,000.• b. Amortization of issuance costs of the bond = [(0.015

× $7,000,000 ) / 3.5 years] = $30,000.• Total borrowing to be capitalized = $840,000 +

$30,000 = $870,000.

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Allowed Alternative Treatment

Capitalization of borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction, or production of a qualifying asset as part of the cost of the asset is possible only if both these conditions are met:– It is probable that they will result in future economic

benefits to the entity;– The costs can be measured reliably.

Commencement of Capitalization (Time Period for Capitalization):– Expenditures for the asset are being incurred;– Borrowing costs are being incurred; and– Activities necessary to prepare the asset for its intended

use or sale are in progress.

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Suspension of Capitalization

Capitalization shall be suspended during extended periods in which active development is interrupted unless that period is a necessary part of the process for the production of the asset. For example, capitalization would be suspended

during an interruption to the construction of a bridge during very high water levels, which are common in the area where construction is taking place.

However, capitalization of borrowing costs should not be suspended when there is only a temporary delay that is caused by certain expected and anticipated reasons, such as while an asset is getting ready for its intended use.

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Praktik Kapitalisasi Bunga

Prinsip: Jml yg dikapitalisasi adl yg terendah atr bunga aktual dan avoidable.

Pada 1 Oktober 2005 PT BR meminta PT JP untuk membangun projek bangunan senilai Rp1.400 juta di atas tanah senilai Rp100 juta. Pengeluaran PT BR selama 2006:

1 Januari Rp 210 juta1 Maret 300 juta1 Mei 540 juta31 Desember 450 jutaTotal Rp 1.500 juta

Hutang yang beredar per 31 Desember 2006:•Wesel, 15%, per 31/12/2005, 3 tahun, nominal Rp750 juta, untuk pembangunan.•Wesel, 10%, per 31/12/2003, 5 tahun, nominal Rp550 juta.•Obligasi, 12%, per 31/12/2002, 10 tahun, nominal Rp600 juta.

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Penyelesaian

Tanggal Pengeluaran Fraksional WAAE01/01-2006 210 juta 12/12 210 juta01/03/2006 300 juta 10/12 250 juta01/05/2006 540 juta 8/12 360 juta31/12/2006 450 juta - -

Total 1.500 juta 820 juta

WAAE Tarif Bunga Bunga yg dpt Dihindari

750 juta 15% 112,5 juta70 juta 11,04% 7,728 juta

Total 820 juta 120,228 juta

(Rp550 juta x 10%) + (Rp600 juta x 12%)---------------------------------------------------- =

11,04% Rp550 juta + Rp600 juta

Langkah 1: Menghitung akumulasi pengeluaran rerata tertimbang (WAAE)

Langkah 2: Menentukan avoidable interest cost

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Langkah 4: Mengkapitalisasikan bunga ke aset yakni nilai yang terendah (Rp120,228 juta).

31/12 Buildings (CIP) 120,228 jutaInterest expense 119,272 juta

Cash 239,500 juta

Langkah 5: Membuat ayat jurnal untuk mencatat pengeluaran.01/01 Land 100 juta

CIP 110 jutaCash 210 juta

01/03 CIP 300 jutaCash 300 juta

01/05 CIP 540 jutaCash 540 juta

31/12 CIP 450 jutaCash 450 juta

Penyelesaian