Tempo Map

Need for Empirical

Data

• An Example:– Record

Guide for Beethoven’s 9th

Literature

Cook, Nicholas. “The Conductor and the Theorist: Furtwängler, Schenker and the First Movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.” In: The Practice of Performance: Studies in Musical Interpretation. Edited by John Rink. 105–25. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Literature

Bowen, José A. “Tempo, Duration, and Flexibility: Techniques in the Analysis of Performance.” The Journal of Musicological Research 16 (1996): 111–56.

Steps

• Thinking– (Ripping)– Tapping– Pasting– Charting

• Thinking

Thinking

• Purpose

• Extract

• Beat

• Chart

• Commentary

(Ripping)

• Rip– from CD: FreeRIP– from DVD: DVD Audio to CD

• save as .WAV

• Extract– Audacity

• import audio

Tapping

• Accuracy– +/- 0.06 s (Cook 114, Bowen 130)– error not culmulative– broad tempo shape discernible

• Test/Rehearse– MetroMon: plays any frequency– ArBPM Beat counter: counts beats per minute– Timing: logs the times at which each tap occur

s

Tapping and log with TIMING.exe

• Enter the output filename– “*.txt” (file located in the directory where

“Timing.exe” is installed)– or complete path, e.g. “c:\*.txt”

• First press of <return> starts program running” [if beginning of piece skip first beat!]– “timing started”

• Subsequent <return> are timed • Press <e> <return> to stop• Repeat twice for average

Pasting into Excel

• Copying– open “*.txt” file– <ctrl>+a– <ctrl>+c

• Pasting– open “*.xls” file– go to the “time” field– <ctrl>+v– labeling and baring

Charting with Excel

• from absolute time to interval

• average interval

• from interval to MM

• chart wizard

• scaling

• fine-tuning

Exercise(Beethoven 9th, Movt I, mm. 180–198, 198–216)

• re. Cook 1995, 111 (Fig. 5.2); 114 (Fig. 5.5)– Furtwängler 1951 (EMI), 1953 (DG)– Toscanini 1939 (Naxos), 1948 (NBC DVD), 1952 (RCA) CY– Karajan 1962 (DG), 1977 (DG), 1983 (Sony DVD) TC– Bernstein 1964 (Sony), 1979 (DG), 1989 (DG DVD) YT– Jochum 1969 (DG), 1979 (EMI)– Masur 1974 (Philips), 1990/91 (Philips)– Abbado 1986 (DG), 1996 (DVD), 2000 (DG) KT– …. [any two performances by a conductor will do]

• master disc with the colored above in my drawer already