TEMPLES OF THEANCIENT WORLD

Ritual and Symbolism

Edited byDonald W. Parry

Illustrations directed byMichael P. Lyon

Deseret Book CompanySalt Lake City, Utah

andFoundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies

Provo, Utah

© 1994 Deseret Book CompanyAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in anyform or by any means without permission in writing from the pub-lisher, Deseret Book Company, P.O. Box 30178, Salt Lake City, Utah84130. This work is not an official publication of The Church of JesusChrist of Latter-day Saints. The views expressed herein are the respon-sibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the position ofthe Church, of Deseret Book Company, of the Foundation for AncientResearch and Mormon Studies, or of the editors.Deseret Book is a registered trademark of Deseret Book Company.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataTemples of the ancient world: ritual and symbolism I edited byDonald W. Parry.

p. cm."Most of these essays were presented originally at a conference

sponsored by the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies(F.A.R.M.S.) held in February 1993 at Brigham Young University"-lntrod.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-87579-811-X1. Temples, Mormon--Congresses. 2. Temples--Congresses.

3. Ritual--Congresses. 4. Symbolism--Congresses. 5. Middle East-Religions--Congresses. 6. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-daySaints-Doctrines--Congresses. 7. Mormon Church-Doctrines-Congresses. I. Foundation for Ancient Research and MormonStudies.BX8643.T4T456 1993246'.95893-dc20 93-36629

CIP

Printed in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Con

.Key to AbbreviationsIntroduction

Part One: Reflections on the M1. Christ Manifested to His I

Marion D. Hanks2. A House of Glory

Hugh W.Nibley3. "Who Shall Ascend into th

Sesquicentennial Reflectioi4 May 1842

Andrew F. Ehat4. The Temple and the Atone

Truman G. Madsen

Part Two: The Temple in the HIand the Ancient Near East5. What Is a Temple? A Prelir

John M. Lundquist6. Liturgy and Cosmogony: T

Creation Accounts in the AStephen D. Ricks

7. Garden of Eden: PrototypeDonald W. Parry

8. Temple-Building Motifs: MAncient Israel, Ugarit, and:

Stephen D. Ricks and Mi

ill

CONTENTS

.vI

100102-3

105106108109120121128131

134-35140154208214239245247255

258-59283284285

402-3418-19

523558560561573575592603

628-29631650660

Key to Abbreviations

AAHB Geo Widengren, The Ascension of the Apostle and theHeavenly Book: King and Saviour III (Uppsala: A. B.Lundequistska, 1950)

AAM Anton Moortgat, The Art of Ancient Mesopotamia(London/New York: Phaidon, 1969)

AMM Ithamar Gruenwald, Apocalyptic and MerkavahMysticism (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1980)

ANET James B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Eastern TextsRelating to the Old Testament, 3rd ed. (Princeton:Princeton University Press, 1955)

ANT M. R. James, ed., The Apocryphal New Testament(Oxford: Clarendon, 1924)

BSAF John M. Lundquist and Stephen D. Ricks, eds., ByStudy and Also by Faith: Essays in Honor of Hugh W.Nibley, 2 vols. (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Companyand EA.R.M.S., 1990)

CWHN The Collected Works of Hugh Nibley, 12+ vols. (Salt LakeCity: Deseret Book Company and EA.R.M.s., 1986-)

EM EncyClopedia of Mormonism, 5 vols., ed. Daniel Ludlow(New York: Macmillan, 1991)

ES Henri J. M. Claessen and Peter Skalnik, eds. The EarlyState (The Hague: Mouton, 1978)

ET Encyclopedia Talmudica, ed. Sholomo J. Zevin(Jerusalem: Talmudic Encyclopedia Institute, 5729[1969])

FK Robert S. Ellwood, The Feast of Kingship (Tokyo: SophiaUniversity Press, 1973)

HC Joseph Smith, History of The Church of Jesus Christ of

vii

viii

HCSE

IGL

JD

KG

LJ

MNIVOSAPE

OTP

PG

PL

PWJS

RCC

SAK

TTBTHPBT

KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS

Latter-day Saints, 7 vols., 2nd ed. rev. (Salt Lake City:Deseret Book Company, 1978)Robert McCormick Adams, Heartland of Cities, Surveysof Ancient Settlements and Land Use on the CentralFloodplain of the Euphrates (Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1981)A. Falkenstein, Die Inschriften Gudeas von Laga (Rome:Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1966)Journal of Discourses, 26 vols. (Liverpool: F. D. Richardsand others, 1855-86)Henri Frankfort, Kingship and the Gods (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1978)Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews (Philadelphia:Jewish Publication Society of America, 1937)MishnahNew International Version of the BibleRonald Cohen and Elman R. Service, eds., Origins ofthe State, the Anthropology of Political Evolution(Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues,1978)James H. Charlesworth, ed., The Old TestamentPseudepigrapha, 2 vols. (Garden City, New York:Doubleday, 1983)J. P. Migne, ed., Patrologiae Cursus Completus ... SeriesGraeca, 161 vols. (Paris: Gamier, 1857-66)J. P. Migne, ed., Patrologiae Cursus Completus ... SeriesLatina, 221 vols. (Paris: Garnier, 1844-64)Dean C. Jessee, ed., The Personal Writings of Joseph Smith(Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1984)Charlotte B. Moore, ed., Reconstructing ComplexSocieties (Cambridge: American Schools of OrientalResearch, 1974)F. Thureau-Dangin, Die Sumerischen und AkkadischenKonigsin Schriften (Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1907)TosephtaBabylonian TalmudAvraham Biran, ed., Temples and High Places in Biblical

TPJS

ITSTYWJS

Gr<WhenrefE

canonical bo:canonical bocand NewTesunless otherv

EVIATIONS

t Lake City:

ties, Surveysthe Centraliiversity of

.aga (Rome:

D. Richards

s (Chicago:

hiladelphia:37)

5., Origins ofII Evolutionuman Issues,

d TestamentNew,York:

tius . . . Series

eius ... Series

)f Joseph Smith

'ing Complexls of Oriental

d Akkadischen17)

laces in Biblical

KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS ix

Times (Jerusalem: Nelson Glueck School of BiblicalArchaeology, 1981)Joseph Fielding Smith, comp., Teachings of the ProphetJoseph Smith (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company,1976)

ITS Menahem Haran, Temples and Temple-Service in AncientIsrael (Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 1985)

TY Talmud Yerushalmi (Jerusalem Talmud)WJS Andrew F. Ehat and Lyndon W. Cook, eds., The Words

of Joseph Smith-The Contemporary Accounts of theNauvoo Discourses of the Prophet Joseph (Orem, Utah:Grandin Book Company, 1992)

When references to works from antiquity are given, names ofcanonical books appear in roman type, while names of non-canonical books appear in italic type. References from the Oldand New Testaments are quoted from the King James Version,unless otherwise noted.

TPJS