Temperature Thermal Energy

Heat

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

Degrees Fahrenheit, degrees Celsius, or Kelvins

Does NOT vary with mass

The total internal energy of molecules

The transfer of energy between objects that are at different temperatures

Joules Joules

Varies with mass and temp.

Varies with mass, specific heat capacity, and temp. change

Thermal Equilibrium is achieved when all substance have reached the same temperature. There is no more thermal energy transfer.

Conduction Convection Radiation

Thermal Energy transfers by direct contact of particles.

Solids & solids or solids & liquids

Thermal Energy transfers by motion of a fluid in the form of currents.

Thermal Energy transfers by Electromagnetic Waves.

Example: hot air rising on a sunny beach and the cool air coming in from the sea

Fluids: Liquid or Gas

Conduc, Convec, & Radiation Review

Examples: holding a hot cup Cocoa or walking on hot sand.

No matter required

Examples: the Sun as you layout on the beach.

The amount of heat required to change the temp of a unit mass of a substance by 1 degree Celsius; or, the ability of a substance to hold on to heat

Specific Heat

SubstanceSpecific Heat

[J/(kgC)]

Water 4,184

Wood 1,760

Carbon (graphite) 710

Glass 664

Iron 450

Higher Specific Heat the harder to warm-up/cool down. Takes longer to expands or contract . Better Insulators.Lower Specific Heat the easier to warm-up/cool down. Less time to expands or contract. Better Conductors.

Water is a good coolant because is has a high Specific Heat.

Remember Density

The hotter something gets the further the particles move from each other. It Expands and becomes less dense.The cooler something gets the closer the particles move to each other. It contracts and becomes more dense.

THERMAL EXPANSION - Bimetallic Strip

THERMAL EXPANSION Example